北京山区植物优势种群分布及与环境因子的关系

以北京山区为研究区域,采用遥感影像数据和DEM数据结合实地数据采集验证,利用GIS技术作出量化统计分析,研究北京周边山区植物优势种群分布状况,并在此的基础上,进一步探究北京山区植物优势种群分布规律,分析植物优势种群分布与海拔、坡度坡向、降水量、土壤岩性和温度的关系。结果表明,北京市山区主要优势种群为乔灌草植物组成的46个种群;随着地形地貌的改变,海拔升高,气温逐步下降,太阳辐射不断增强,平榛、毛榛等因生物特性耐寒成为该区域的优势物种,占据主导地位;阳坡与阴坡,光照时长和光照强度不同,阳坡优势种群为喜光耐旱的植物,阴坡优势种群为耐阴喜水植物;在一定程度上,降雨量的高低决定了一些对水分依赖性大的植物的生长,而且,在水分充足时,同种类的植物生长状况愈加良好,植被的覆盖度增加,叶面积指数更大,枝叶较为茂密;在土壤厚度大、有机质含量高、p H偏小的地区,植物优势物种为较高大的乔木,随着土壤厚度和有机质含量的降低,p H增大,植物优势物种逐步演变为灌木类植物和草本类植物。

万家寨引黄工程沿线植物群落优势种群分布格局研究

应用扩散系数、聚集指数、平均拥挤度、Green指数、聚集强度和负二项分布的χ2拟合检验等方法,研究了山西万家寨引黄工程优势种群的分布格局,并阐述了各指数间的关系。结果表明:绝大多数自然种群都服从聚集分布,而沙棘、苔草和蒲公英呈随机分布。这主要与物种本身的生态和生物学特性有关,也与物种间的竞争排斥作用有关。在判定物种分布格局的5种方法中,以方差/均值比率和负二项分布的检验联合运用效果较好,不仅生态学意义明显,而且结果具有严格的统计学意义。

Analysis of the Species Dominance & Dominant on the Karst Mountain Grassland Plant Community

[Objective] The aim was to study the species,quantity and community traits of dominant plant in karst mountain grassland plant community so as to provide support for the vegetation restoration in karst mountain grassland.[Method] Standard plot sites investigation method was used study the quantity traits of different plant communities of different altitudes and slopes.[Result] The IV SDR4 were the highest in the all plot sites of plant community on the kasrt mountain grassland,but the IV SDR4 were showed a trend of decreasing with the increasing of the altitude.The dominant quantity was increasing with the altitude upward,so the altitude was the mostly factor for plant community construction.[Conclusion] Altitude was the main factor to influence the community structure of plant.

Plant community composition and interspecific relationships among dominant species on a post-seismic landslide in Hongchun Gully, China

The 5.12 Earthquake in 2008 and 8.14 Debris Flow in 2010 resulted in large-scale landslides that disturbed vast areas of vegetation in the Hongchun Gully, Wenchuan County, China. To define the specific characteristics of vegetation restoration during natural recovery after catastrophic events,vegetation species composition and interspecific associations were investigated on this typical landslide. Field survey data selected from a total of 51 sample plots belonged to seven belt transects and were analysed by Schluter's variance ratio, pearson's chi-squared test, Spearman's correlation coefficients and ecological species groups. Plant communities on the landslide consisted of 78 species, 65 genera and52 families. Of the total of 78 species, 25 are identified as dominant species, among which Camptotheca acuminate, Toxicodendron vernicifluum, Coriaria nepalensis, Robinia pseudoacacia, Buddleja alternifolia, Anemone vitifolia and Nephrolepis auriculata play a constructive role during the natural afforestation. Moreover, according to environmental and ecological factors, these 25 dominant species could be divided into four ecological species groups.This study found that even though the landslide had frequently suffered from interference due to heavy rain, the vegetation succession processes are ongoing,and it is now at a shrub–herb community succession stage, which indicates that vegetation can naturally recover in the denuded sites. This study provides a useful insight into the ecological interactions and interdependence between plant species during the natural recovery of vegetation and provides valuable information on vegetation recovery modelling in the landslide area.

Fluorometric Discrimination Technique of Phytoplankton Population Based on Wavelet Analysis

The discrete excitation-emission-matrix fluorescence spectra (EEMS) at 12 excitation wavelengths (400, 430, 450, 460, 470, 490, 500, 510, 525, 550, 570, and 590 nm) and emission wavelengths ranging from 600-750 nm were determined for 43 phytoplankton species. A two-rank fluorescence spectra database was established by wavelet analysis and a fluorometric discrimination technique for determining phytoplankton population was developed. For laboratory simulatively mixed samples, the samples mixed from 43 algal species (the algae of one division accounted for 25%, 50%, 75%, 85%, and 100% of the gross biomass, respectively), the average discrimination rates at the level of division were 65.0%, 87.5%, 98.6%, 99.0%, and 99.1%, with average relative contents of 18.9%, 44.5%, 68.9%, 73.4%, and 82.9%, respectively; the samples mixed from 32 red tide algal species (the dominant species accounted for 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100% of the gross biomass, respectively), the average correct discrimination rates of the dominant species at the level of genus were 63.3%, 74.2%, 78.8%, 83.4%, and 79.4%, respectively. For the 81 laboratory mixed samples with the dominant species accounting for 75% of the gross biomass (chlorophyll), the discrimination rates of the dominant species were 95.1% and 72.8% at the level of division and genus, respectively. For the 12 samples collected from the mesocosm experiment in Maidao Bay of Qingdao in August 2007, the dominant species of the 11 samples were recognized at the division level and the dominant species of four of the five samples in which the dominant species accounted for more than 80% of the gross biomass were discriminated at the genus level; for the 12 samples obtained from Jiaozhou Bay in August 2007, the dominant species of all the 12 samples were recognized at the division level. The technique can be directly applied to fluorescence spectrophotometers and to the developing of an in situ algae fluorescence auto-analyzer for phytoplankton population.