基于单片机的智能多肉植物养殖系统设计与实现

为解决现阶段多肉植物养殖智能化程度不高、管控不便等问题,设计了一款智能化、自动化的智能多肉植物养殖系统。该系统以STC89C52RC单片机为控制核心,以土壤湿度传感器、光照传感器、环境温湿度传感器等设备采集生长环境变量,通过LCD1602显示屏、按键等实现人机现场交互,通过ESP8266WiFi通信模块和App实现人机的远程交互。实验表明,在此设计的系统实现了对多肉植物生长环境的异态感知与反向控制,具有响应快、稳定性高、安全性强等优点。

音乐在动植物养殖中的作用分析

美妙的音乐作品能够调节人的心情、提升人的素养以及增添活动气氛等重要作用,这已经成为共识。那在动物养殖和植物种植中是否能够发挥出音乐的神奇作用呢?实际上,音乐在动植物养殖中同样具有十分奇特的效用,能够发挥出极为重要的作用。本文从两个方面分别阐述了音乐对动物养殖和植物种植所具有的突出作用,以期为动植物养殖找到新的途径。

SPE-HPLC法检测畜禽养殖废水中四环素残留——基于植物净化系统多介质检测优化

通过对前处理条件进行优化,建立了一套固相萃取(SPE)-高效液相色谱(HPLC)检测多介质中四环素残留量的方法。底泥和植物组织经Na_(2)EDTA-Mcllvaine的甲醇溶液(1∶1,v∶v,pH=4)提取后,分别以HLB小柱(底泥)和SAX/PSA-HLB串联柱(植物组织)富集净化;水样经Na_(2)EDTA溶液(pH=3.4)提取后,以HLB小柱富集净化后再进行HPLC检测。四环素添加浓度为5 mg/L(低浓度)和50 mg/L(高浓度)时,水体、底泥以及植物根系等3种基质中的加标回收率分别达到106.5±1.0%、90.7±8.0%、92.8±1.0%(5 mg/L)和93.9±1.8%、78.5±0.4%、78.8±0.4%(50 mg/L),方法准确度和精密度均较高。四环素在水体、底泥以及植物根系中的检出限分别为3.83μg/L、0.15 mg/kg以及1.53 mg/kg,方法在0~50 mg/L范围内具有良好的定量线性关系。应用该方法检测人工模拟畜禽养殖废水系统各介质样品,检出四环素浓度为nd~655.94μg/L(水体)和0.59~78.45 mg/kg(底泥、植物组织),表明该方法有效可行。

“ECO植物方舟”——城乡协同发展下生态可循环植物模块化种植服务系统设计

随着城市化进程的加速和居民生活品质的提高,越来越多的人开始关注室内绿化和植物养殖。但由于缺乏种植经验、照料时间等问题,许多城市居民在植物养殖方面遇到了困难。旨在设计一套基于智能包装和NFC技术的植物养殖服务系统,通过在线问卷调查收集用户需求,提出了一种模块化、可回收和个性化的植物养殖装载器具设计,结合App和服务系统,为用户提供全方位的植物养殖支持。

海洋生物技术在海水养殖动植物品种培育和病害防治中的应用

海水养殖是我国沿海地区发展经济的重要支柱产业。目前影响我国海水养殖业持续、稳定、健康发展的主要制约因素是苗种和病害问题。本文就海洋生物技术在海水养殖物植物品种培育和病害防治中的应用及有关问题进行了探讨，分别就应用海洋生物技术在群体和个体水平、细胞和染色体水平以及基因和分子水平培育新品种的工作，包括ＳＰＦ和ＳＰＲ苗种的培育、性别控制和杂交育种、多倍体育种、雌核发育、藻类细胞工程育种、转基因技术等进行了讨论。在重要水产养殖疾病病原的快速诊断和检测技术方面，重卢、讨论了核酸探针技术，ＰＣＲ技术和单克隆抗体技术。海洋生物技术在水产养殖疾病防治中的应用，重点讨论了疫苗和免疫促进剂的开发以及基因工程疫苗。本文还对我国海洋生物技术的发展战略及有关问题进行了探讨。

向蚂蚁要健康,向蚂蚁要财富——访保定市科达特种动植物养殖中心

初秋时节，我们来到保定市科达养殖中心，四周围都是生机央然的玉米地，满眼绿色，无边无际，使人联想起《平原游击队》中令敌人闻风丧胆的“青纱帐”。当然，那个残酷杀戮的时代早已过去，如今和平建设时期，是科技造福人类的大好年月，科达养殖中心领先一步，养殖拟黑多刺药蚁两年多了，为医药部门贡献了近10万元人民币的药用于蚁及其制品——滋补蚁酒、蚂蚁粉等，帮助人们强身健体，治病防病。

园林绿化植物养护管理存在的问题及对策

随着我国城市建设的不断发展,人们对生活环境和城市绿化管理的要求越来越严格。园林绿化植物养护管理在促进城市可持续发展和提升居民生活体验感方面发挥了重要作用,文章针对当前城市园林绿化养殖管理存在的问题进行论述和分析,并提出有效的对策,以期提高园林绿化植物养护管理水平。

奇妙的植物

富含蛋白质的藻类是食物、原料和能源的一个丰富而又便宜的来源。但种植藻类的高花费,消费者能否接受以及对它安全性的怀疑影响了藻类大规模地商业化种植。然而,生物技术领域最新进展,使得种植藻类变得经济可行.科学家们正在解出藻类的遗传密码组成,以便能够分离出控制特定性状的基因。当更多遗传重组的方法成为可能时,能够控制的产品数目也会随之增加。有多少种可独立的基因,就将会有多少种产品.例如,Dunaliella salina是第一个被用于商业化生产化学物质的小型藻类,它能产生β-胡萝卜素或其50%的体重是甘油。细胞含有高达72%脂肪的小型藻类已被分离出来,它可以作为高质量的燃料。藻类是一个还未被探索的、占全球三分之一植物生物量的类型。估计有150,000种,但仅有30,000种被确定,对小球藻(Chlorella)、螺旋藻(Spirulina)和Dunaliella这三个已经引起了很强商业性兴趣的种还未采取任何商业性措施。

基于Arduino单片机的自动补水系统设计

设计一套基于Arduino单片机的自动补水系统,可以实现浇花过程的自动化控制,用以解决缺水对植物造成的影响。自动补水系统主要分为湿度采集、主控板、水泵控制、电源供给4个模块,其中Arduino核心板为主控部分,负责一系列状态检测、数据处理、逻辑处理及执行控制。系统利用传感器来检测土壤水分并进行实时监控,通过研究普通花卉需要的湿度来设定湿度值界限,根据传感器检测的反馈数据来测定是否需要浇水,浇水的水量则主要由单片机控制,根据植物种类所需要的湿度进行合理的浇水。经过调试与实验,该系统作为智能控制系统,运行稳定,反应迅速,深受用户喜欢。

Pigment characterization for the 2011 bloom in Qinhuangdao implicated "brown tide" events in China

A large-scale bloom occurred from May to June in 2011 in sea area near Qinhuangdao of the Bohai Sea, leading to huge damage of the scallop culture industry. Similar blooms have been observed in this region for three years. The causative species of the bloom, which dominated the phytoplankton community with the maximum cell density around 109 cell/L, could not be identified with morphological features due to the small cell size （-2 μm）. A pigment analytical method was then adopted to analyze the pigment profile of the phytoplankton samples collected from the blooming sea area. It was found that pico-sized （〈2 μm）, nano-sized （2-20 μm）, and bulk phytoplankton samples had similar pigment profile, representing the pigment signature of the bloom-causative species. The major pigments detected included 19-butanoyloxyfucoxanthin （But-fuco）, fucoxanthin （Fuco）, diadinoxanthin （Diad） and chlorophyll a （Chl a）, and high content of But-fuco was the most significant characteristics of the phytoplankton samples. Based on the pigment composition and content, the bloom-causative species could be tentatively identified as pelagophyte, ＂type 8＂ group of haptophyte, or silicoflagellate. Some unique features of the bloom, such as the extremely high cell density, small-sized and But-fuco containing cells, occurring in early summer, and the feeding-cessation effects on scallops, suggest it be a ＂brown tide＂ event similar to those reported in the east coast of the United States of America. The recurrent ＂brown tide＂ events and their dramatic impacts on the shellfish mariculture industry in QirLhuangdao need close attention in the coming years.

Temporal dynamics of phytoplankton communities in a semi-enclosed mariculture pond and their responses to environmental factors

Variations in physical-chemical factors, species composition, abundance and biomass of nano-and micro-phytoplankton assemblages, as well as their responses to environmental factors, were investigated over a complete cycle (6 months) in a semi-enclosed shrimp-farming pond near Qingdao, northern China. The aim was to establish the temporal patterns of phytoplankton communities and to evaluate protists as suitable bioindicators to water quality in mariculture systems. A total of 34 taxa with nine dominant species were identified, belonging to six taxonomic groups (dinoflagellates, diatoms, cryptophyceans, chlorophyceans, euglenophyceans and chrysophyceans). A single peak of protist abundance occurred in October, mainly due to chlorophyceans, diatoms and chrysophyceans. Two biomass peaks in July and October were primarily due to dinoflagellates and diatoms. Temporal patterns of the phytoplankton communities significantly correlated with the changes in nutrients, temperature and pH, especially phosphate, either alone or in combination with NO3-N and NH3-N. Species diversity, evenness and richness indices were clearly correlated with water temperature and/or salinity, whereas the biomass/abundance ratio showed a significant correlation with NO3-N. The results suggest that phytoplankton are potentially useful bioindicators to water quality in semi-enclosed mariculture systems.

Total Replacement of Fish Oil with Vegetable Oils in the Diet of Juvenile Jade Perch Scortum barcoo Reared in Recirculating Aquaculture Systems

To determine the replacement of fish oil with vegetable oils in the diet of juvenile Jade perch Scortum barcoo, four feeds with each a different oil （fish, sunflower, linseed and a mixture of 75% canola and 25% linseed oil）, were fed to Jade perch reared in recirculating aquaculture systems （RAS）. The trial lasted for 10 weeks and the fatty acid （FA） profile of both feed and fish muscle tissue were examined. There was no difference in growth, feed conversion rate （FCR） and mortality. The fish grew from 10 g to 110 g with a FCR of 1.25 and 0 mortality. The FA profile of the fish muscle tissue reflected the FA profile of the feed. The flesh of the fish that were fed the linseed oil diet, were extremely high in omega-3 （n-3） polyunsaturated FA （n-3 PUFA） with 3.75% of wet weight. This is one of the highest concentrations of n-3 PUFA ever recorded in fish flesh. In a finishing feeding test, the remaining vegetable oil fed fish were fed the fish oil diet for another two weeks immediately after the 10 weeks trial, to check for a possible recovery of n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids （HUFA）. The wash out rate of FA towards n-3 HUFA in the muscle tissue was about 25% over this two weeks period.

Comparative study of brine shrimp bioassay-based toxic activities of three harmful microalgal species that frequently blooming in aquaculture ponds

Typical harmful micro-algal species constantly occurred in high density in marine aquaculture ponds in Xiangshan and Sanmen Bay, Zhejiang Province. Fates of the microalgal cells influenced by activity of the cultured animals largely determined the ef fects of the harmful microalgae. However, it is difficult to detect the in situ process. In this paper, toxic activities of three harmful microalga, namely P rymnesium parvum, Pleurochrysis elongata, Karlodinium veneficum, which were isolated from the local ponds, were comparatively studied based on brine shrimp toxic bioassays. Diff erent lethal activities of live cells, cell debris, cellular extracts, and cell free mediums prepared by different process were analyzed. The results showed that,(1) all of the three microalgal species had density and time dependent lethal ef fects on A rtermia nauplii, while P. parvum was the most toxic one and had acute lethal eff ects in 5 h. No such acute lethal eff ects were observed in P. elongata or K. veneficum;(2) live cells, cell debris and cellular extracts of P. parvum had the same lethal pattern. Prymnesins, toxin from P. parvum, is probably not exotoxic active; For P. elongata, toxic activity mainly came from live cells and cell debris; For K. veneficum, toxic activity was relatively lower compared with the other two species. However, Karlotoxin, toxin from K. veneficum, is exotoxic active. Physical disturbance triggered K. veneficum cells actively releasing toxins, which made it an active predator.

Diurnal variation of phytoplankton community in a high frequency area of HABs: Daya Bay, China

Phytoplankton community was investigated in the cage culture area of Daya Bay during a diurnal cycle. Two rainfalls occurred during the course of the experiment and decreased the surface seawater salinity in the aquaculture area. A total of 38 species were identified, of which the dominant species included Pseudo-nitzschia spp. and Skeletonema costatum. Water stratification obstructed the vertical migration of dinoflagellates. Statistical analysis indicated that Synechococcus showed negative relationship with silicate and ammonia, which indicated that Synechococcus adapted to grow at oligotrophic environment. Phytoplankton community structure implied the risk of Pseudo-nitzschia spp. blooms in the aquaculture area of Daya Bay.

Farmer Participatory Breeding - The Foster Parent in the Breeding of Dioscorea spp. in Ghana

Yam （Dioscorea spp.）, has been aptly described as an orphan crop. It has suffered institutional neglect from time immemorial. Until this study there were no formally released yam varieties in Ghana. The farmer participatory breeding approach was adapted to fast-track the development and release of three new yam varieties in Ghana. This paper uses the breeding process as a case study and conducts a SWOT analysis to provide guidelines for breeding for crops in Low External Input Agriculture. It was faster than conventional breeding in varietal development. Scientific quality of Farmer Participatory Breeding is as good as conventional breeding. Farmer Participatory Breeding is a must for breeding yam in Ghana. Ultimately, three genotypes 2000/001, KUP2000/001 and TDr89/02665 were accepted and released as new varieties ＂CRIKukrupa＂, ＂CRIPona＂ and ＂Mankrong Pona＂ respectively in March 2005. Danger of omission of some promising genotypes in the course of varietal development and danger of opinion group cabalizing the group discussions were identified as potential threats to the approach. Effective research-extension-farmer linkage was identified as extremely vital to the success of the approach. Farmer participatory breeding process was also sustainable and more efficient than conventional breeding in varietal selection in yam breeding.

Pond culture of seaweed Sargassum hemiphyllum in southern China

The seaweed Sargassum hemiphyllum is widely distributed throughout the coastal waters of Asia and has high commercial value. In recent years, its natural biomass has declined due to over-exploitation and environmental pollution. To seek for a feasible way to culture this seaweed efficiently, we designed a simple long-line system in a shrimp pond for the culture during winter, and the growth and nutritional composition of the seaweed were examined. Results show that the cul^re system was durable and flexible allowing S. hemiphyllum to grow vertically offthe muddy bottom of the pond. Although the length of pond- cultured S. hemiphyllum was inhibited by water depth, the weight-specific growth rate （（1.65±0.17）%/d） was nearly three times higher than that of wild plants （（0.62±0.19）%/d）. The crude protein （6.92%±0.88%） and ash content （21.52%±0.07%） of the pond-cultured seaweed were significantly lower than those of the wild plants （9.38%±-0.43% and 26.93%±0.07%, respectively）; however, crude fat （1.01%±0.04%） was significantly higher than that of the wild plants （0.87%±0.02%）. In addition, the nutritional composition of both pond-cultured and wild S. hemiphyllum was comparable to or even higher than those of other common seaweeds being used as food and/or aquaculture fodder. Future studies shall be focused on the impact of environmental parameters on its growth and nutritional composition.