Tomato detection method using domain adaptive learning for dense planting environments

This study aimed to address the challenge of accurately and reliably detecting tomatoes in dense planting environments,a critical prerequisite for the automation implementation of robotic harvesting.However,the heavy reliance on extensive manually annotated datasets for training deep learning models still poses significant limitations to their application in real-world agricultural production environments.To overcome these limitations,we employed domain adaptive learning approach combined with the YOLOv5 model to develop a novel tomato detection model called as TDA-YOLO(tomato detection domain adaptation).We designated the normal illumination scenes in dense planting environments as the source domain and utilized various other illumination scenes as the target domain.To construct bridge mechanism between source and target domains,neural preset for color style transfer is introduced to generate a pseudo-dataset,which served to deal with domain discrepancy.Furthermore,this study combines the semi-supervised learning method to enable the model to extract domain-invariant features more fully,and uses knowledge distillation to improve the model's ability to adapt to the target domain.Additionally,for purpose of promoting inference speed and low computational demand,the lightweight FasterNet network was integrated into the YOLOv5's C3 module,creating a modified C3_Faster module.The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed TDA-YOLO model significantly outperformed original YOLOv5s model,achieving a mAP(mean average precision)of 96.80%for tomato detection across diverse scenarios in dense planting environments,increasing by 7.19 percentage points;Compared with the latest YOLOv8 and YOLOv9,it is also 2.17 and 1.19 percentage points higher,respectively.The model's average detection time per image was an impressive 15 milliseconds,with a FLOPs(floating point operations per second)count of 13.8 G.After acceleration processing,the detection accuracy of the TDA-YOLO model on the Jetson Xavier NX development board is 90.95%,the mAP value is 91.35%,and the detection time of each image is 21 ms,which can still meet the requirements of real-time detection of tomatoes in dense planting environment.The experimental results show that the proposed TDA-YOLO model can accurately and quickly detect tomatoes in dense planting environment,and at the same time avoid the use of a large number of annotated data,which provides technical support for the development of automatic harvesting systems for tomatoes and other fruits.

富贵竹室内加工出口生产技术

大田密植栽培直竹或经造型弯竹的富贵竹植株 ,须经室内一系列加工技术处理 ,生产出可供出口的富贵竹产品。本文综述了富贵竹室内加工出口生产技术的各种处理方法 ,包括加工所需设施和材料、产品分类和标准、富贵竹塔各层枝段计算、植株质量及其初步处理、枝段切口处理、冬季和夏季加工、富贵竹产品绑扎、产品贮藏、装箱、植物检疫、装柜及运输出口等。

The Preliminary Design and Implement of Plant Digital Information Retrieval System

[Objective] The aim was to set up a plant digital information retrieval system.[Method] Plant digital information retrieval system was designed by combining with Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 Enterprise Edition database management system and Structure Query Language.[Result] The system realized electronic management and retrieval of local plant information.The key words of retrieval included family,genus,formal name,Chinese name,Latin,morphological characteristics,habitat,collection people,collection places,and protect class and so on.[Conclusion] It provided reference for these problems of species identification and digital management of herbarium.

缴获可疑物中二甲基色胺成分分析3例

1案例1.1简要案情案例1:2020年8月,某派出所送检褐色粉末1份。案例2:2020年8月,某派出所送检褐色树皮状物质3份。案例3:2020年9月,某分局刑科所送检绿色树叶和紫色木质物质各1份。送检部门要求对上述检材中是否含有二甲基色胺(3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]indole,DMT)成分进行检验。

罗望子象和花生豆象发生规律及生物学特性

中缅边境口岸少数旅游者无视检疫法规将带虫产品携带到内地,使得罗望子象Sitophilus alandra(Linearis)Herbst 和花生豆象 Caryedon serratus O1.成为传播感染其它产品、造成严重危害的隐患之一。检疫截获和调查表明,罗望子象只蛀食罗望子(即酸角)Tamarindus indica 荚,不为害仓贮粮食及其它;而花生豆象不仅为害酸角,还可为害花生仁、果,以老熟幼虫在茧内越冬,并能远距离传播。对此,

Comparison and Analysis on Animal and Plant Quarantine of Entry Mails among China, Australia and New Zealand

With the significant increase of the number of entry mails in China, mail inspection has become more and more challenge. Australia and New Zealand are the two countries recognized as the ones with the most stringent inspection and quarantine measures in the world. The mail inspection work in China, Australia and New Zealand was compared on the aspects of mail quarantine system, inspection, quarantine treatment and punishment, based on which something worth learning and referring could be found and some suggestions were put forward, with the aim to provide theoretical basis for the animal and plant quarantine of entry mails.

Study on Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated Transformation of Brassica campestris L. with Fusion Gene Ycoil-bFGF

[ Objective] The study is to generate pharmaceutical protein via plant transgenic technique. [Methed] Using the cotyledons with petiole as transformation receptor, the fusion gene of rapeseed oil-body gene and bFGF was introduced into the rapeseed （ Brassica campestris L. ） by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation; meanwhile regeneration conditions of rapeseed were also optimized, and the regenerated resistant plantlets were detected by PCR and Southern blot. [ Result] This fusion gene had been integrated into rapeseed genome successfully, and the optimized conditions of transformation and regeneration were as follows： explants pre-culture for 2 d, co-culture for 3 d, bacteria solution OD600 for 0.3 and infection time for 5 min. [ Conclusion] The results laid a solid foundation for extraction, isolation and purification of protein in transgenic plant seeds.

Science Letters： Radio frequency heating： a potential method for post-harvest pest control in nuts and dry products

The multi-billion dollar US tree nut industries rely heavily on methyl bromide fumigation for postharvest insect control and are facing a major challenge with the mandated cessation by 2005 of its use for most applications. There is an urgent need to develop effective and economically viable alternative treatments to replace current phytosanitary and quarantine practices in order to maintain the competitiveness of US agriculture in domestic and international markets. With the reliable heating block system, the thermal death kinetics for fifth-instar codling moth, Indianmeal moth, and navel orangeworm were determined at a heating rate of 18℃/min. A practical process protocol was developed to control the most heat resistant insect pest, fifth-instar navel orangeworm, in in-shell walnuts using a 27 MHz pilot scale radio frequency (RF) system. RF heating to 55℃ and holding in hot air for at least 5 min resulted in 100% mortality of the fifth-instar navel orangeworm. Rancidity, sensory qualities and shell characteristics were not affected by the treatments. If this method can be economically integrated into the handling process, it should have excellent potential as a disinfestation method for in-shell walnuts.

南京市农业有害生物防治办法

南京市人民政府令第273号《南京市农业有害生物防治办法》已经2009年5月27日市政府常务会议审议通过,现予发布,自2009年7月1日起施行。

Techniques for Detecting Functional Protein Expression in Transgenic Plants

With the development of plant genetic engineering techniques, numerous genetically modified plants have been generated. At the same time, the technologies for detecting transgenic organisms get improved constantly, which also promotes the scientific identification, evaluation and commercial cultivation of transgenic plants. In this review, we evaluate various detection methods for transgenic plants at the level of protein expression.

Microwave digestion polarography for determining seven trace elements in Salvia Miltiorrhiza Root and compound Salvia Miltiorrhiza Root injection simultaneously

The sensitive second derivative waves of Cu(Ⅱ),Pb(Ⅱ),Cd(Ⅱ),Ni(Ⅱ),Zn(Ⅱ),Fe(Ⅱ)and Mn(Ⅱ),forming in the substrate solution(pH=9.26)consisting of ammonia,ammonium chlorid,gelatin and ascorbic acid were researched.The peak potentials of the polarographic waves of the seven ions are at about 0.48,0.63,0.79,1.04,1.28,1.44 and 1.60 V respectively.Combining with microwave technique,a new method for the simultaneous determination of the seven trace elements in Chinese traditional medicine was developed.The method is easy to operate,rapid,simple and convenient.When the signal-to-noise rate equals 3,the detection limits of Cu,Pb,Cd,Ni,Zn,Fe and Mn are 4.2×10 3,5.3×10 3,2.1×10 3,5.8×10 4,3.0×10 3,7.7×10 4 and 1.1×10 3 μg/mL respectively.Well linear relationships exist between the concentrations and the peak currents when Cu,Pb,Cd,Ni,Zn,Fe and Mn concentrations are within 8.5×10 3 10,9.7×10 3 10,4.5×10 3 10,1.2×10 3 10,6.4×10 3 10,1.5×10 3 10 and 2.8×10 3 10 μg/mL,respectively.The method has been used to the simultaneous determination of the seven trace elements in Salvia Miltiorrhiza Root and compound Salvia Miltiorrhiza Root injection,the relative standard deviations(RSDs)of the Cu,Pb,Cd,Ni,Zn,Fe and Mn in the two medicines are 3.9% and 5.8%,4.0% and 4.1%,4.3% and 5.7%,4.9% and 5.3%,4.4% and 4.7%,3.5% and 4.0%,0.51% and 2.8%,respectively;the comparisons of the determination results with the values obtained by the standard method indicate that the presented method has very well veracity.

Detection of Mercury in Soil and Some Leaf Plants in Campus AL-Mustansaryah University, Baghdad, Iraq

The study was undertaken to assess the extent of mercury contamination in the soil and three types of leaf plants in Campus AL-Mustansaryah University sites within Baghdad, Iraq, as well as to determine the relationship between environmental parameters and the distribution of the mercury contamination with carbon in soil samples were collected and analyzed for inorganic mercury. The highest mercury concentrations were recorded at the sites located lowest cover the plant and close to the diesel-electric generators. Mercury concentrations in leaf plant Ziziphusspina-christi higher concentration than the rest type and soil were mostly higher mercury concentration. Also ratio of carbon to coincide with the increase in the concentration of mercury in the soil of the study areas. Mercury is more biologically because of his preference to bind with carbon. This research confirms that Campus University is key areas for formation of bioavailable mercury distribution is tied to organic carbon.

Physiological and Phytosanitary Potentials of Coriander and Radish Seeds

Information on seed vigor of the vegetable crops is always important and necessary due to the increasing demand of high quality seeds for sowing and high-value commercial. The cultivation of these species, conducted intensively, should be established with seed high potential physiological and health for the development of a more productive and sustainable agriculture. The present study was conducted to evaluate the potential physiological of seed lots of radish and coriander. The experiment was conducted at the laboratory of seed analysis and greenhouse of the plant science department of the Federal University of Pelotas in South Brazil. Four radish seed lots, cultivar ＂Saxa＂, and four coriander seed lots, cultivar ＂Verdito＂ were used. Germination seed test, first count of germination, accelerated aging test, electrical conductivity and seedling emergence were used to evaluate the physiological quality of the lots. The experimental design was completely randomized design with five replications. Means were compared by Tukey test. The accelerated aging test was the most efficient test in assessing the physiological quality for both lots of radish seeds and coriander and this test provide coherent results with seedlings emergence.

The Prosperity of Using Domestic Triticale Varieties in Kyrgyzstan

The present researches mentioned questions of economic use of domestic triticale and their influences on a phytosanitory condition and fertility of an irrigated arable land in the Chuy Valley of Kyrgyzstan. The result of the work consists of four tables, purpose of the work was to discover roots systems, nutrion value and the main laboratory testing of samples were conducted at the Humboldt University in Berlin, which was completed under the high and compliant standards of the world. The present research conducted on triticale varieties was firstly studied in Kyrgyzstan.

A simple and versatile protocol for isolation of RNA from plant, fungi and animal

Compared to other plants, the traditional protocols for RNA isolation from sugarcane （Saccharum） are usually cJeficient and result in poor yields, or low-quality. Here we describe a modified method for isolating RNA from various fissoes of S. officinarum, in which only Trizol and some routine reagents were needed. The absorbance at 260/280 nm ranges from 1.70 to 1.80, indicating that the quality of RNA is high, as confirmed by double-stranded cDNA synthesis and reverse ~ranscription-polymerase chain （RT-PCR）. This protocol can also be used effectively in RNA isolation from Erianthus arundinaceus, rice （Oryza sativa Linnaeus）, Achyranthes, sporotrichum spp., Thermophil and loach （Misgurnus an g uillicaudatus ）.

Establishment of orthotopic transplantation model of human bladder cancer and detection by MRI

Objective: To establish an orthotopic bladder cancer model bearing human bladder cancer for experimental research, and monitor tumor progression by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods: The mucosa was mechanically damaged transurethrally under direct vision, and then human bladder cancer cell line T24 was inoculated into the bladders of BALB/c nude mice to establish orthotopic bladder cancer model. To find a suitable concentration of Gd-DTPA for this re- search. MRI was performed weekly to assess tumor growth, using Gd-DTPA as contrast agent. The pathologic morphology of the bladders and other specimens were observed with HE stain. Results: All the 25 mice developed bladder cancer after inoculation. The best concentration of Gd-DTPA was 1.408 mg/mL. On MRI, no change in the bladders was observed on day 7 after inoculation, filling defect in the bladders, accordant to actual tumor size, was detected on days 14, 21 and 28. Pathologic examination showed that tumor grew in the mucosa or superficial muscle of bladder on day 7, confined in muscle layer on days 14–28, and invaded serosa on day 35. Conclusion: Transurethrally damaged bladder mucosa under direct vision and instilled bladder cancer cell T24, we successfully established an orthotopic bladder cancer model. Tumor growth simulated the progression of human bladder cancer approximately. MRI was a reliable way for dynamic detection of murine orthotopic bladder tumor.

Experimental Model for Biological Control of Stored Grain Pests

The insecticidal efficacy of the diatomaceous earth against granary weevil, Sitophilus granarius L. （Coleoptera： Curculionidae）, with two essential oils for the degree of repellent activity, was evaluated in an experimental model in laboratory tests. The diatomaceous earth was obtained from three Romanian sources （Patirlagele, Urloaia and Adamclisi） and was applied at four doses of 100, 300, 500 and 900 ppm （5, 15, 25 and 45 mg, respectively） on three replicates each variant. Mortality of S. granarius adults was estimated after 7, 14 and 21 d of exposure on treated grain. The insecticidal efficacy of the examined diatomaceous earth against the granary weevil was highly influenced by exposure time, dose and essential oil type. The longer exposure times increased weevil mortality in the case of low doses （100 ppm and 300 ppm）. After 60 d from the experiment initiation, the exposed grains from each variant were assessed about the progeny production. For the model proposed as bio-experiment, two essential oils in concentration of 80μL/L air and 125μL/L of Thymus vulgaris L. and Satureja hortensis L., respectively, were tested compared with untreated control in laboratory conditions. Both plant species belong to the family Lamiaceae, and the major active insecticidal compound was thymol among other providing to terpenoid class, such as eugenol and linalool. The species S. granarius chosen for experimental model was grown in the Research-Development Institute of Plant Protection （RDIPP） Bucharest bio-base. The results show that mortality induced from diatomaceous earth was at the level between 83.33% and 100% in all variants after 21 d, compared with untreated control and a standard product Silicosec.

Phytochemical Screening of Essential Oil of Citrus sinensis by Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector

Citrus sinensis commonly called sweet orange belongs to the family Rutaceae. Nutritionally, it is highly recommended due to its high content of micronutrients. However, the rejection of a large amount of epicarp in nature contributes to the emission of greenhouse gas and the development of leachate which contaminate surface water and groundwater. The aim of this work was to identify the essential oil components from Citrus sinensis epicarp, and then look after the biological activity of these components in order to underline the worth to reuse the Citrus sinensis epicarp as a gainful mean. The essential oil of 4,000 g of Citrus sinensis epicarp was done through the water steam distillation and 0.0287 g of essential oil was obtained; so a yield of 0.0007%. The essential oil was then submitted to gas chromatography-flame ionization detector （GC-F1D）. The result revealed that the essential oil was teemed with 28 volatile compounds, including terpene compounds （50%）, aldehydes （32%） and alcohols （18%） whose anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, larvicidal and antioxidant activities were underlined.