基于农史研究的“植物水分生理”课程思政设计与实践

植物水分生理是研究在供水条件下植物所进行的生命活动规律及其调控的综合性学科,是为本科生和研究生开设的一门专业选修课程。“植物水分生理”课程是在系列基础课、专业基础课相关知识基础上的进一步深化。通过该门课程的学习,学生可以认识到水分与农林业生产最为紧密结合的植物水分生理的基本内容,了解本学科研究的热点领域和新动态,理解植物水分生理研究分析技术的原理,扩展学生的知识面,为专业课程的学习、科学研究、论文写作打下坚实的基础。根据上述课程特点和农史研究成果,设计了“植物水分生理”课程的思政教学内容,探讨了教学方法,并分析了教学效果,初步达到了“植物水分生理”课程思政教育的目标。

植物水势研究与应用综述

植物水势是植物水分生理研究最常用的指标之一。作者对植物水势的研究与应用状况进行了综述,提出利用植物水势,结合气孔导度、相对含水量、水分利用效率等生理指标,对我国主要物种,特别是森林树种的等水/变水行为特征进行深入研究,为确定合理灌溉指标、人工林营造及生态系统保护等提供理论依据。

4种针叶树抗旱性研究

应用P V技术测定了油松(Pinustabulaeformis)、华山松(P.armandi)、白皮松(P.bungeana)和圆柏(Sabinachinensis)4种针叶树的抗旱性生理指标,即饱和含水量时的最大渗透势(π0)、初始质壁分离点渗透势(πp)、初始质壁分离点的相对含水量(RWCπp)、初始质壁分离点的相对渗透水含量(ROWCπP)和小枝相对束缚水含量(AWC)。结果表明:①油松、华山松和白皮松的π0和πp值随时间变化趋势相同,圆柏的π0和πp值随时间变化有一定的波动,但总体趋势与其它3种树基本一致;②4种针叶树的ROWCπP,RWCπp值随时间变化趋势一致;③4种针叶树的AWC值随时间变化不大;④用不同的水分生理指标比较这4种针叶树抗旱性大小存在一定的差异。

Preliminary Study on Water Physiological Characters of Male and Female Ginkgo biloba L.

[Objective] The experiment aimed to study the difference of water physiology of male and female Ginkgo biloba L. for discussing the strategy of water utilization as well as the important role of this difference during evolution process. [Method] The stem sap flow, stomatal conductance(Gs), transpiration rate(Tr) and water use efficiency (WUE) of male and female Ginkgo biloba L. were comparatively studied. [Result] The day-night processes of flow on male and female Ginkgo biloba L. were similar. The flow on male and female Ginkgo biloba L. in day were almost same while the flow at night on male Ginkgo biloba L. was bigger than that on female Ginkgo biloba L. The Tr and Gs of male and female Ginkgo biloba L. were high in morning and at night but low at noon ,while Tr and Gs of female Ginkgo biloba L. in morning and at night were higher than these of male Ginkgo biloba L. at the same time point. However, these indexes of female plant were lower than these of male plant from 11:00 to 14:00. WUE changing trends of male and female Ginkgo biloba L. were similar, while average water utilization rate of female Ginkgo biloba L. was slightly lower than that of male Ginkgo biloba L. [Conclusion] Compared with other companion plants, water physiology of male and female Ginkgo biloba L. had strong homoplasy. The phenomenon might be a survival strategy of dioecious plants under long term evolutionary pressure.

压力—容积技术研究与应用综述

P-V技术是植物水分生理学研究中最常用的指标之一。本文从P-V曲线测绘方法、P-V参数获得方法、国内外研究与应用情况几方面,对现有研究进行综述,旨在为国内开展上述诸方面的深入研究提供借鉴。