Orchidaceae is a large family of 1,260 species in Mexico, of which 433 grow in the state of Veracruz, Mexico. Although economically important in horticulture because of the beauty of their flowers, researches have don...Orchidaceae is a large family of 1,260 species in Mexico, of which 433 grow in the state of Veracruz, Mexico. Although economically important in horticulture because of the beauty of their flowers, researches have done little work regarding their medicinal properties. This paper aimed to present the results of ethnobotanical, pharmacological and active compounds research on Veracruz medicinal orchids. The ethnobotanical information was obtained by consulting the Atlas of the Mexican Traditional Medicine Plants, Veracruz Medicinal Flora Database （CITRO-UV project） and through field work in the Nahuatl community of Cuautlajapa, Veracruz. To obtain pharmacological and active compounds information of registered species, a search was carded out through MEDLINE （USA National Library of Medicine Journal Citation database）. Twelve medicinal orchids were recorded for Veracruz, i.e., Epidendrum chlorocorymbos Schltr., Habenaria floribunda Lindl., Isochillus latibracteatus A. Rich. ＆ Galeotti, lsochillus major Schltdl. ＆ Cham., Mormodes maculata var. unicolor （Hook.） L. O. Williams, Oestlundia luteorosea （A. Rich. ＆ Galeotti） W. E. Higgins, Oncidium ascendens Lindl., Scaphyglottis fasciculata Hook., Sobralia macrantha Lindl., Spiranthes eriophora （Rob. ＆ Greenm.）, Stanhopea oculata （G. Lodd.） Lindl. and Vanilla planifolia Andrews. Only two species have been investigated in terms of their pharmacology and active compounds. Also, information for another five species closely related to already identified ones was obtained. Given the relative poverty of current information on the topic, this paper demonstrates the need to further study the ethnobotanical, pharmacological and chemical aspects of the region＇s medicinal orchids.展开更多
目的通过室内测试苯乙醇、二氢茉莉酮等19种木犀科和蔷薇科植物化合物的有效保护时间,探讨有效单体化合物及复配对白纹伊蚊的驱避效果。方法在实验室条件下,通过近距离反应测定法,测试体积比浓度为0.01的19种化合物对白纹伊蚊的驱避效果...目的通过室内测试苯乙醇、二氢茉莉酮等19种木犀科和蔷薇科植物化合物的有效保护时间,探讨有效单体化合物及复配对白纹伊蚊的驱避效果。方法在实验室条件下,通过近距离反应测定法,测试体积比浓度为0.01的19种化合物对白纹伊蚊的驱避效果,选出驱避率最高的化合物进行复筛;通过Arm in cage行为实验,测试体积比浓度为0.064、0.128、0.256的苯乙醇、二氢茉莉酮对白纹伊蚊的驱避效果;将体积比浓度为0.256的苯乙醇和二氢茉莉酮,按照1∶1、1∶4、4∶1、1∶7、7∶1、1∶15、15∶1的比例两两混合,测试对白纹伊蚊的驱避效果;在0.256体积比浓度,以体积比为1∶15和15∶1的苯乙醇与二氢茉莉酮作为主要有效成分制备成驱蚊液,测试对白纹伊蚊的驱避效果。不同化合物对白纹伊蚊驱避作用的比较采用独立样本t检验和单因素方差分析。结果苯乙醇、二氢茉莉酮初筛驱避率均达到100%;0.064、0.128、0.256体积比浓度下的苯乙醇、二氢茉莉酮单独使用时对白纹伊蚊有驱避作用,与对照组比较有效保护时间差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001);体积比浓度为0.256时,不同体积配比苯乙醇和二氢茉莉酮的驱避时间差异有统计学意义(F=21.457,P<0.001)。苯乙醇与二氢茉莉酮以1∶15和15∶1体积配比制备成的驱蚊液有效保护时间分别达到4.50和6.25 h。结论苯乙醇与二氢茉莉酮复配对白纹伊蚊具有明显驱避效果,可进一步研发应用。展开更多
Sterols and triterpenes are structurally diverse bioactive molecules generated through cyclization of linear 2,3-oxidosqualene. Based on carbocationic intermediates generated during initial substrate preorganization s...Sterols and triterpenes are structurally diverse bioactive molecules generated through cyclization of linear 2,3-oxidosqualene. Based on carbocationic intermediates generated during initial substrate preorganization step, oxidosqualene cyclases （OSCs） are roughly segregated into protosteryl cation group that mainly catalyzes tetracyclic products and dammarenyl cation group which mostly generates pentacyclic products. However, in contrast to well-studied cascade of ring-forming reactions, little is known about the mechanism underlying the initial sub- strate folding process. Previously, we have identified a cucurbitadienol synthase （Bi） and its null allele bi （C393Y） from cucumber. By integration of homology modeling, residue coevolution and site-directed mutagenesis, we discover that four covarying amino acids including C393 constitute a dynamic domain that may be involved in substrate folding process for Bi. We also reveal a group of co-conserved residues that closely associated with the segregation of plant OSCs. These residues may act col- laboratively in choice of specific substrate folding inter- mediate for OSCs. Thus, engineer plant OSCs from into five-ringed producer. our findings open a door to four-ringed skeleton catalysts展开更多
文摘Orchidaceae is a large family of 1,260 species in Mexico, of which 433 grow in the state of Veracruz, Mexico. Although economically important in horticulture because of the beauty of their flowers, researches have done little work regarding their medicinal properties. This paper aimed to present the results of ethnobotanical, pharmacological and active compounds research on Veracruz medicinal orchids. The ethnobotanical information was obtained by consulting the Atlas of the Mexican Traditional Medicine Plants, Veracruz Medicinal Flora Database （CITRO-UV project） and through field work in the Nahuatl community of Cuautlajapa, Veracruz. To obtain pharmacological and active compounds information of registered species, a search was carded out through MEDLINE （USA National Library of Medicine Journal Citation database）. Twelve medicinal orchids were recorded for Veracruz, i.e., Epidendrum chlorocorymbos Schltr., Habenaria floribunda Lindl., Isochillus latibracteatus A. Rich. ＆ Galeotti, lsochillus major Schltdl. ＆ Cham., Mormodes maculata var. unicolor （Hook.） L. O. Williams, Oestlundia luteorosea （A. Rich. ＆ Galeotti） W. E. Higgins, Oncidium ascendens Lindl., Scaphyglottis fasciculata Hook., Sobralia macrantha Lindl., Spiranthes eriophora （Rob. ＆ Greenm.）, Stanhopea oculata （G. Lodd.） Lindl. and Vanilla planifolia Andrews. Only two species have been investigated in terms of their pharmacology and active compounds. Also, information for another five species closely related to already identified ones was obtained. Given the relative poverty of current information on the topic, this paper demonstrates the need to further study the ethnobotanical, pharmacological and chemical aspects of the region＇s medicinal orchids.
文摘目的通过室内测试苯乙醇、二氢茉莉酮等19种木犀科和蔷薇科植物化合物的有效保护时间,探讨有效单体化合物及复配对白纹伊蚊的驱避效果。方法在实验室条件下,通过近距离反应测定法,测试体积比浓度为0.01的19种化合物对白纹伊蚊的驱避效果,选出驱避率最高的化合物进行复筛;通过Arm in cage行为实验,测试体积比浓度为0.064、0.128、0.256的苯乙醇、二氢茉莉酮对白纹伊蚊的驱避效果;将体积比浓度为0.256的苯乙醇和二氢茉莉酮,按照1∶1、1∶4、4∶1、1∶7、7∶1、1∶15、15∶1的比例两两混合,测试对白纹伊蚊的驱避效果;在0.256体积比浓度,以体积比为1∶15和15∶1的苯乙醇与二氢茉莉酮作为主要有效成分制备成驱蚊液,测试对白纹伊蚊的驱避效果。不同化合物对白纹伊蚊驱避作用的比较采用独立样本t检验和单因素方差分析。结果苯乙醇、二氢茉莉酮初筛驱避率均达到100%;0.064、0.128、0.256体积比浓度下的苯乙醇、二氢茉莉酮单独使用时对白纹伊蚊有驱避作用,与对照组比较有效保护时间差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001);体积比浓度为0.256时,不同体积配比苯乙醇和二氢茉莉酮的驱避时间差异有统计学意义(F=21.457,P<0.001)。苯乙醇与二氢茉莉酮以1∶15和15∶1体积配比制备成的驱蚊液有效保护时间分别达到4.50和6.25 h。结论苯乙醇与二氢茉莉酮复配对白纹伊蚊具有明显驱避效果,可进一步研发应用。
基金supported by funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31401886)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program
文摘Sterols and triterpenes are structurally diverse bioactive molecules generated through cyclization of linear 2,3-oxidosqualene. Based on carbocationic intermediates generated during initial substrate preorganization step, oxidosqualene cyclases （OSCs） are roughly segregated into protosteryl cation group that mainly catalyzes tetracyclic products and dammarenyl cation group which mostly generates pentacyclic products. However, in contrast to well-studied cascade of ring-forming reactions, little is known about the mechanism underlying the initial sub- strate folding process. Previously, we have identified a cucurbitadienol synthase （Bi） and its null allele bi （C393Y） from cucumber. By integration of homology modeling, residue coevolution and site-directed mutagenesis, we discover that four covarying amino acids including C393 constitute a dynamic domain that may be involved in substrate folding process for Bi. We also reveal a group of co-conserved residues that closely associated with the segregation of plant OSCs. These residues may act col- laboratively in choice of specific substrate folding inter- mediate for OSCs. Thus, engineer plant OSCs from into five-ringed producer. our findings open a door to four-ringed skeleton catalysts
