The AQUAREL project was launched in 2015 by the CNIEL （French Dairy Interbranch Orgainzation） to propose solutions to dairy processors for the development of water reuse scenarios on their plants. The project focuse...The AQUAREL project was launched in 2015 by the CNIEL （French Dairy Interbranch Orgainzation） to propose solutions to dairy processors for the development of water reuse scenarios on their plants. The project focused particularly on the valorization of water from milk which is water obtained during concentration and evaporation processes of milk and its by-products. Firstly, a literature review was done to identify the current uses of water from milk on French plants but also on foreign sites, the technologies used to treat it and the regulations related to water reuse in food industry. Secondly, a field survey was led to establish an overview of the water consumptions and practices existing on the plants. Then, samples were collected on five dairy plants in order to determine the physico-chemical and microbiological composition of water from milk. Thus, the important collection of results obtained was used as a basis for exchanges with water treatment equipment suppliers in order to identify the suitable technologies to treat and reuse water from milk. Two treatment channels were identified, each of them including a filtration and a disinfection step. All this work led to the writing of reports which are now available for the dairy sector professionals.展开更多
One major problem is the high mortality of calves due to feed shortages during the dry season. To overcome this problem, it needs feeding strategies based on local resources that can be provided by farmers. The purpos...One major problem is the high mortality of calves due to feed shortages during the dry season. To overcome this problem, it needs feeding strategies based on local resources that can be provided by farmers. The purpose of this study was to determine body weight gain （BWG） of post weaning Bali cattle fed with legume. The study was conducted in experimental garden Lili, Kupang and designed with completely randomized design （CRD） 4 × 5; four kinds of legumes were used as treatment, such as： （1） Centrosema pascuorum; （2） Clitoria ternatea; （3） Desmodium sp.; （4） Leucaena leucocephala. Cattles used as the subject were separated into five groups based on body weight as the replication. The experimental data was tabulated and analyzed by covariance analysis （GenStat） and financial analysis （for analyzing revenue and real cost during the study）. The result shows that legume feeding of Leucaena leucocephala at the second, fifth, eighth and ninth week have no significant effect （P 〈 0.05） to BWG, but shows significant effect （P 〈 0.05） to BWG at the fourth week. The feeding of Centrosema pascuorum, Clitoria ternatea, Desmodium sp. and Leucaena leucocephala to post weaning Bali cattle showed higher feed consumption and higher BWG, especially in Leucaena leucocephala treatment. Feeding legume to post weaning Bali cattle is also economically profitable （return/cost （R/C） ratio 〉 1）.展开更多
文摘The AQUAREL project was launched in 2015 by the CNIEL （French Dairy Interbranch Orgainzation） to propose solutions to dairy processors for the development of water reuse scenarios on their plants. The project focused particularly on the valorization of water from milk which is water obtained during concentration and evaporation processes of milk and its by-products. Firstly, a literature review was done to identify the current uses of water from milk on French plants but also on foreign sites, the technologies used to treat it and the regulations related to water reuse in food industry. Secondly, a field survey was led to establish an overview of the water consumptions and practices existing on the plants. Then, samples were collected on five dairy plants in order to determine the physico-chemical and microbiological composition of water from milk. Thus, the important collection of results obtained was used as a basis for exchanges with water treatment equipment suppliers in order to identify the suitable technologies to treat and reuse water from milk. Two treatment channels were identified, each of them including a filtration and a disinfection step. All this work led to the writing of reports which are now available for the dairy sector professionals.
文摘One major problem is the high mortality of calves due to feed shortages during the dry season. To overcome this problem, it needs feeding strategies based on local resources that can be provided by farmers. The purpose of this study was to determine body weight gain （BWG） of post weaning Bali cattle fed with legume. The study was conducted in experimental garden Lili, Kupang and designed with completely randomized design （CRD） 4 × 5; four kinds of legumes were used as treatment, such as： （1） Centrosema pascuorum; （2） Clitoria ternatea; （3） Desmodium sp.; （4） Leucaena leucocephala. Cattles used as the subject were separated into five groups based on body weight as the replication. The experimental data was tabulated and analyzed by covariance analysis （GenStat） and financial analysis （for analyzing revenue and real cost during the study）. The result shows that legume feeding of Leucaena leucocephala at the second, fifth, eighth and ninth week have no significant effect （P 〈 0.05） to BWG, but shows significant effect （P 〈 0.05） to BWG at the fourth week. The feeding of Centrosema pascuorum, Clitoria ternatea, Desmodium sp. and Leucaena leucocephala to post weaning Bali cattle showed higher feed consumption and higher BWG, especially in Leucaena leucocephala treatment. Feeding legume to post weaning Bali cattle is also economically profitable （return/cost （R/C） ratio 〉 1）.
