植物石蜡制片中透明和脱蜡技术的改良

石蜡切片是植物科学研究领域中一项重要的实验技术,为组织学的发展做出了卓越贡献。制片过程中采用不同试剂和处理程序对切片质量有较大的影响。该文针对常规石蜡切片方法在操作步骤上存在的繁琐及试剂安全性等问题,摸索出改进方法。实验结果表明,采用histolene(C1OH16)、环保透明剂van-clear、正丁醇(n-butanol)和松节油(oil of turpentine)代替二甲苯(xylene),可避免二甲苯的毒性危害;同时精简了传统石蜡切片的操作程序,缩短了实验周期并提高了制片质量。

常规植物石蜡制片技术的改进及应用

石蜡切片技术在植物科学技术研究领域扮演着十分重要的角色,并为植物组织结构的研究做出了巨大贡献,现代植物分子生物学研究中仍需石蜡切片技术支持。以凹叶木兰的雌、雄蕊群及花被片作为实验材料,通过改良脱水、包埋、染色、分色等制片环节,设计了一种优良、易操作的植物组织石蜡制片方法,并对实验操作中常见的问题和注意事项进行了讨论。实验结果表明该方法简化了实验步骤,节约了实验药品,减少了实验中有毒试剂的使用和接触,提高了制片质量并使同一批制片染色效果统一。

Comparative Study on the Structural and Moisture Characteristics of Leaf from the Plantlets of Three Types of Ornamental Lilium brownii

[ Objective] The study was to compare the structural and moisture characteristics of leaf from the plantlets of three types of omamental lily（ Lilium brownii）. [ Method ] The paraffin sections of leaves of tested lily varieties were prepared and then observed under microscope, and the stomatal characteristics and moisture characteristics of tested lily varieties were measured. I Resaltl All the three ornamental lily varieties show isobilateral leaf, single layer of epicuticula and lower epidermis, and no obvious differentiation of palisade tissue and spongy tissue; their stomata distribute in lower epidermis, and the guard cells are dumbbell-shaped; all of these matedais present high moisture. For the leaf sick- ness, midrib sickness and mesophyll tissue sickness, the order was determined to be oriental lily 〉 Lilium/ongiflorum 〉 Asian lily; of the three types of ornamental lily, Ulium Iongiflorum has the largest stomatai aperture and Asian lily has the smallest; focusing the water potential and moisture, the turn was Asian lily 〉 oriental lily 〉 Lilium Iong＇fflorum. [ Condusion] The study may facilitate the artificial regulation of the growth conditions of the plantlets of ornamental lily.

Contributions of Chinese Botanists to Plant Tissue Culture in the 20th entury

This paper looks back to the development of plant tissue culture in China in the last century. Since 1934, tissue culture studies in China has kept up with the international development in the fields. Progress has been made by Chinese in nearly every branches of tissue culture, including in vitro organogenesis, shoot tip culture, anther culture, ovary culture, endosperm culture, protoplast culture as well as mass cell culture. On the basis of reviewing the articles written by Chinese on plant tissue culture, the internationally recognized contributions are specially mentioned. The applications of plant tissue culture to agriculture and industry in China are also introduced.

Resveratrol prolongs allograft survival after liver transplantation in rats

AIM： To study the immuno-modulatory effect of resveratrol （RES） on allograft rejection after liver transplantation in rats. METHODS： Male Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats were selected as donors and male Wistar rats as recipients for a rejection model. The recipients were divided into four groups after orthotopic liver transplantation （OLTx）. In the RES A, B, and C groups, RES was given intra-peritoneally once a day （25, 50, and 100 mg/kg, respectively） after OLTx, whereas in the control group, vehicle buffer was given intra-peritoneally once a day. The survival time, serum chemistry, production of cytokines, activation of transcription factor NF-kB, and histopathologic findings were then compared among these groups. RESULTS： The mean survival time after OLTx in the RES C group was significantly longer than that in the control group （16.7＋-1.2 d ,vs9.3＋-0.6 d, P〈0.01）. On the 7th posttransplant day the serum albumin level significantly improved in the RES C group, the serum total bile acid and alanine aminotransferase （ALT） levels were significantly lower in the RES C group, the serum IL-2 and INF-y levels were significantly lower in the RES C group, and the activation of transcription factor NF-kB in peripheral blood T lymphocytes was significantly suppressed in the RES A, B, and C groups in comparison to those in the control group. On the 7^th post-transplant day, a histological examination revealed apparent difference in the severity of rejection between the RES C group and control group. CONCLUSION： RES has an immuno-suppressive property as well as protective effect on hepatocytes under allograft rejection. It might serve as a novel agent for reducing the severity of hepatic allograft rejection in rats.

Lactobacillus plantarum B7 inhibits Helicobacter pylori growth and attenuates gastric inflammation

AIM:To determine the anti-Helicobacter property of Lactobacillus plantarum B7(L.plantarum)B7 supernatants in vitro and the protective effects of L.plantarum B7 on serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-?),gastric malondialdehyde(MDA)level,apoptosis,and histopathology in Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)-induced gastric inflammation in rats. METHODS:In vitro,the inhibition of H.pylori growth was examined using L.plantarum B7 supernatants at pH 4 and pH 7 and at the concentration of 1×,5×and 10×on plates inoculated with H.pylori.The inhibitory effect of H.pylori was interpreted by the size of the inhibition zone.In vitro,male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups including group 1(control group),group 2(H.pylori infected group), group 3(H.pylori infected with L.plantarum B7 106 CFUs/mL treated group)and group 4(H.pylori infected with L.plantarum B7 1010 CFUs/mL treated group).One week after H.pylori inoculation,L.plantarum B7 106 CFUs/mL or 10 10 CFUs/mL were fed once daily to group 3 and group 4,respectively,for one week.Blood and gastric samples were collected at the end of the study. RESULTS:In vitro,at intact pH 4,mean inhibitory zone diameters of 8.5 mm and 13 mm were noted at concentrations of 5×and 10×of L.plantarum B7 supernatant disks,respectively.At adjusted pH 7, L.plantarum B7 supernatants at concentrations of 5 ×and 10×yielded mean inhibitory zone diameters of 6.5 mm and 11 mm,respectively.In the in vitro study, in group 2,stomach histopathology revealed mild to moderate H.pylori colonization and inflammation.The level of gastric MDA and epithelial cell apoptosis were significantly increased compared with group 1.The serum TNF-??level was significant decreased in group 3 compared with group 2(P<0.05).In addition,L.plantarum B7 treatments resulted in a significant improvement in stomach pathology,and decreased gastric MDA level and apoptotic epithelial cells. CONCLUSION:L.plantarum B7 supernatant inhibits H.pylori growth.This inhibition was dose-dependent and greater at pH 4.Moreover,L.plantarum B7 attenuated H.pylori-induced gastric inflammation.

Study of a Novel Small Caliber Vascular Graft in a Canine Model with Optical and Scanning Electron Microscopy

A novel biological small-diameter vascular graft was evaluated in a canine model. 3 cm long segments with 4 mm I.D. were implanted end-to-end in the carotid position of 12 dogs for 6 months. Color Doppler sonography was performed at the first week post-operation, and angiography was then administered to 9 grafts at 4th week, 12th week and 24th week respectively to monitor the graft pantency and blood flow characteristics. Vascular samples containing the grafts were collected at 1st week, 8th week, 12th week and 24th week after implantation. Morphological changes of the grafts were observed by optical and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) studies and compared with that of the original prosthesis and the normal host vessel. All grafts were patent throughout the experiment except one graft. Histopathology and SEM demonstrated both a nearly complete inner capsule of varied thickness lining the graft luminal surface and connective tissue adventitia formation at one-week post-operation. The neointima became confluent at 8 weeks and then compact but had no signs of hyperplasia up to 12 weeks; meanwhile on the neointimal surface newly grown endothelial-like cells were migrating from the stoma to the middle portion. The grafts also illustrated endothelialization in many “islands” in the mid-segment luminal surface of the grafts. In addition, the closer distance the cells towards the stoma were, the more morphological similarity the cells with the normal endothelial were. Taken together, the biological vascular graft remained patent for 24 weeks as a carotid prosthesis, characterized by the early and complete neointima formation plus endothelialization starting before 12 weeks post grafting. Therefore, the graft seems suitable for reconstruction of vascular lesions in dogs. Further studies may be carried out to extend the graft application for the clinical use.

保留术侧一个肺叶的主支气管重建气管隆突的研究

目的 探讨更具临床应用价值的气管隆突替代手术。方法 将 40条成龄杂种犬均分为 4组 ,分别进行保留右肺上叶、下叶或左肺上叶 ,下叶的主支气管行重建气管隆突手术 ,术后1、3、6、12、18、2 4个月每组处死 1条犬 ,进行气道造影及移植物组织学检查 ,存活期超过 2 4个月者任其自然存活至死亡。结果 4组实验犬平均生存期 6个月 ,术后存活期最长为 3 2个月。保留左肺上叶主支气管重建气管隆突组平均生存期最短 ,为 2 .1个月。其他组平均存活期为 5 .8～ 8.3个月。死亡犬及按计划处死犬均按计划进行检查 ,发现吻合口 1个月后愈合良好 ,3～ 6个月多为瘢痕性愈合 ,12个月以上可达生物愈合 ,所移植的支气管与肋间肌之间呈愈合性附着 ,有血管网生成 ,部分支气管有灶状钙化 ,未发现支气管软化塌陷。结论 本实验为需同时切除气管下段及隆突的病例提供了根据不同机体情况几种可选择的。

压力和剪力在自体脂肪移植中的作用

背景与目的由于供区损伤小、并发症发生率低及恢复时间快等特点，脂肪移植已成为整形外科中的常规项目。然而，仍有待确定最佳的脂肪移植技术。压力和剪力这两种临界变量均被定义为由区域划分的力。本研究中，我们将利用裸鼠模型检验压力和剪力在人类脂肪移植中的作用。方法对新鲜脂膜切除术标本行负压肿胀吸脂术。抽吸压力位-15inHg或-25inHg。将脂肪抽吸物以1200g／min离心，并注射至裸鼠侧腹部。对脂肪抽吸物行正压力处理至6atm，保持3min，然后注射至裸鼠，以检验正压力的作用。将脂肪抽吸物以1200g／min离心3min，然后以快速（3．0～5．0ml／s）和慢速（0．5～1．0ml／s）的方式注射至裸鼠，以检验剪切应力的作用。4周后，对脂肪移植物的质量和组织学进行分析。结果作为负压力，采取高压或低压行脂肪抽吸对抽吸物的质量和组织学影响均无差别。作为正压力，4周后发现，将正压力调至6atm并保持3min并未对移植物的质量及组织学造成影响。作为剪切应力的体内研究，缓慢注射的方式比快速注射其移植物质量多38％（P〈0．01）。而两种注射方式对移植物组织学的影响相似。结论调至-0．83atm的较高的抽吸压力并未对脂肪移植物的体内存活能力造成影响。调至6atm的正压力也并未影响脂肪移植物的存活能力。而剪切应力的程度，即注射推送速率，会对脂肪移植物的存活能力造成明显的影响。用较低剪切应力缓慢注射的脂肪移植物明显比用较高剪切应力注射的好。研究数据提示，与压力相比，剪切应力是影响脂肪移植物存活能力更重要的变量。