In recent years,due to excessive emission of industrial waste,wastewater irrigation,and unreasonable utilization of fertilizers,pesticides and plastic sheeting,heavy metal pollution is increasing rapidly,resulting in ...In recent years,due to excessive emission of industrial waste,wastewater irrigation,and unreasonable utilization of fertilizers,pesticides and plastic sheeting,heavy metal pollution is increasing rapidly,resulting in many environmental problems.Silicon(Si),as the second most abundant element in the soil,can not only stimulate plant growth,but alleviate various biotic and abiotic stresses,including heavy metal stress.Here,we reviewed recent advances in the mechanisms for Si-mediated heavy metal tolerance in plants.These mechanisms included reducing active heavy metal ions in growth media,reducing heavy metal transport to the shoot,stimulating enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants,chelation,compartmentation,regulation of the expression of metal transport genes,and structural changes in plants.Further research orientation is also discussed.展开更多
Aims Soil inorganic nitrogen(N)has long been recognized to play an important role in plant invasions.Whilst comparing the N use strategies of multiple invasive versus native plant congeners along an entire N gradient ...Aims Soil inorganic nitrogen(N)has long been recognized to play an important role in plant invasions.Whilst comparing the N use strategies of multiple invasive versus native plant congeners along an entire N gradient is key to understanding plant invasion success,there are few related studies.Methods We conducted a potted experiment with six invasive and native congeneric pairs,which were subjected to 11 nitrate/ammonium(NO3−/NH4+)ratios(i.e.100%NO3−at one end and 100%NH4+at the other end),each with low-and high-N levels.Each species–N combination was replicated eight times,and thus there were 2112 pots in total.We measured the following traits:the total biomass,growth advantage,biomass allocation,leaf chlorophyll content and low-N tolerance.Important Findings Invasive and native congeners grew well at any NO3−/NH4+ratios,and their responses of growth,allocation and tolerance were approximately parallel along the 11 NO3−/NH4+ratios across two N levels.Plant invaders grew larger and had greater chlorophyll contents,higher root biomass allocation and stronger low-N tolerance than their congeneric natives.These findings suggest that invasive and native plant congeners may utilize similar inorganic N forms(i.e.NO3−and NH4+)across an entire N composition gradient and that higher N use efficiencies could favor alien plants to invade new plant communities where congeneric natives are dominants.展开更多
基金Supported by the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University of China(No.NCET-11-0441)the Chinese Universities Scientific Fund(No.QN2011092)the Talent Introduction Startup Fund of Northwest A&F University,China(No.Z111021003)
文摘In recent years,due to excessive emission of industrial waste,wastewater irrigation,and unreasonable utilization of fertilizers,pesticides and plastic sheeting,heavy metal pollution is increasing rapidly,resulting in many environmental problems.Silicon(Si),as the second most abundant element in the soil,can not only stimulate plant growth,but alleviate various biotic and abiotic stresses,including heavy metal stress.Here,we reviewed recent advances in the mechanisms for Si-mediated heavy metal tolerance in plants.These mechanisms included reducing active heavy metal ions in growth media,reducing heavy metal transport to the shoot,stimulating enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants,chelation,compartmentation,regulation of the expression of metal transport genes,and structural changes in plants.Further research orientation is also discussed.
基金Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China(2017YFC1200102)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971552).
文摘Aims Soil inorganic nitrogen(N)has long been recognized to play an important role in plant invasions.Whilst comparing the N use strategies of multiple invasive versus native plant congeners along an entire N gradient is key to understanding plant invasion success,there are few related studies.Methods We conducted a potted experiment with six invasive and native congeneric pairs,which were subjected to 11 nitrate/ammonium(NO3−/NH4+)ratios(i.e.100%NO3−at one end and 100%NH4+at the other end),each with low-and high-N levels.Each species–N combination was replicated eight times,and thus there were 2112 pots in total.We measured the following traits:the total biomass,growth advantage,biomass allocation,leaf chlorophyll content and low-N tolerance.Important Findings Invasive and native congeners grew well at any NO3−/NH4+ratios,and their responses of growth,allocation and tolerance were approximately parallel along the 11 NO3−/NH4+ratios across two N levels.Plant invaders grew larger and had greater chlorophyll contents,higher root biomass allocation and stronger low-N tolerance than their congeneric natives.These findings suggest that invasive and native plant congeners may utilize similar inorganic N forms(i.e.NO3−and NH4+)across an entire N composition gradient and that higher N use efficiencies could favor alien plants to invade new plant communities where congeneric natives are dominants.
