林-果-农复合系统中植物蒸腾及系统蒸散的研究

本文讨论了林（带）、果（梨）、农（冬小麦）复合系统中植物蒸腾、耗水特征及耗水关系。结果表明冬小麦是系统中蒸腾耗水的主要部分（占系统耗水量的69．3％），梨树居中（占23．6％）。系统中蒸散耗水关系也表现出类似的规律。进一步分析指出，从合理利用水资源角度考虑，适当发展具有三层结构的林-果-农复合系统是可行的。

典型草原3种植物群落水分时空动态变化

以锡林郭勒盟正镶白旗典型草原的主要植被群落为研究对象,探究典型草原植物群落土壤水分及植物水分蒸散的时空动态变化,为该区开展植被恢复工程和荒漠化防治技术决策提供科学依据。结果表明:3种主要植物群落土壤水分主要受控于降水量变化,受气温变化及植物群落水分耗散影响在时间上可分为降水贮存期、水分消耗期和缓慢恢复期。各植物群落蒸发量、蒸腾量与总蒸散量月变化及物候期变化各具特征,不同植物群落间月变化可形成单峰型或双峰型,蒸发量占总蒸散的比例大于蒸腾量。

Leaf Temperature as Thermal Bio-indicator of Heavy Metal Pollutants

Enviromnental pollution is serious social concern. The inflow of heavy metals in the ecological food chain and their subsequent bio-magnification in human bodies is cascading its harmful effects. The metabolism of plants is being hampered by these heavy metals. In the present studies, effect of heavy metal especially cadmium has been studied on stomatal diffusive resistance （SDR）, transpiration rate, leaf surface humidity and leaf temperature of soybean plants growing in hydroponic cultures. Cadmium treatment decelerates the rate of transpiration. The inhibition of transpiration associated with increased SDR leads to dehydration of leaf surface, thereby, increasing temperature of leaves in comparison to control plants. In the present study, temperature difference between stressed and non-stressed plant leaves was as high as 3℃ Moreover, any such rise in leaf temperature due to uptake and induced toxicity of heavy metals can possibly be a good bio-indicator having wide applications in thermal remote sensing and geospatial monitoring of metal polluted soils.

隧道涌水控排标准计算软件开发研究

准确预算隧道涌水量能有效减少隧道病害,保护生态环境,科学指导隧道的设计与施工。通过Visual Studio2010软件开发平台,基于"地下水动态平衡"的设计理念,采用经典的计算方法,完成特长隧道涌水量计算和控排标准的制定。并以六盘山隧道某段为例,进行实例验算,根据围岩渗透系数、地下静止水位高度、洞室尺寸、含水层厚度等因素计算得出总涌水量,根据植物蒸散法制定排水量控制标准。结果准确可靠,避免了重复、繁琐的计算工作,提高了计算过程的规范化、智能化和工作效率。本研究对于山岭隧道涌水量预测软件开发具有一定的参考价值。