简析酒店绿化中园林植物景观设计

本项目为高档酒店式公寓,由于自身的特点决定了对酒店内景和别苑区的植物设计有国际化和高层次的要求。在植物配置构思中,以利用景观资源最大化为设计理念,注重现有酒店景观与设计景观的呼应关系,合理组织景观视线,展现整个城市未来的发展趋势,打造都市发展与人居环境的新概念。

Design Mode for Component-based Virtual Plant Software

According to the morphological structure characteristics of plants, the de- velopment mode for component-based virtual plants software was put forward, and the internal structure of plant organs component under this mode were analyzed, thereby, the overall design mode for virtual plants software was given out, and its characteristics were estimated. Compared with traditional development modes of virtual plants software, component-based virtual plants software had significant advantages in code reusing, development efficiency and expansion of software functions.

Mapping and breeding value evaluation of a semi-dominant semidwarf gene in upland rice

Plant height is an important trait related to yield potential and plant architecture. A suitable plant height plays a crucial role in improvement of rice yield and lodging resistance. In this study, we found that the traditional upland landrace ＇Kaowenghan＇ （KWH） showed a special semi-dwarf phenotype. To identify the semi-dwarf gene from KWH, we raised BC2F4 semi-dwarf introgression lines （IL） by hybridization of the japonica rice cultivar ＇Dianjingyoul＇ （DJY1） and KWH in a DJY1 background. The plant height of the homozygous semi-dwarf IL （IL-87） was significantly reduced compared with that of DJY1. The phenotype of the F1 progeny of the semi-dwarf IL-87 and DJY1 showed that the semi-dwarf phenotype was semi- dominant. QTL mapping indicated that the semi-dwarf phenotype was controlled by a major QTL qDH1 and was localized between the markers RM6696 and RM12047 on chromosome 1. We also developed near-isogenic lines （NIL） from the BC3F3 population, and found that the yield of homozygous NIL （NIL-2） was not significantly different compared to DJY1. Breeding value evaluation through investigation of the plant height of the progeny of NIL （NIL-2） and cultivars from different genetic background indicate that the novel semi-dwarf gene shows potential as a genetic resource for rice breeding.

Some Studies on the Ecology and Host Range of Eriophyid Mites （Acarina： Eriophyoidea） in Sudan

In this study, some Eriophyid mite species showing different morphological characters and host-plant symptoms were obtained. Five mites species collected from different localities in Khartoum State （Sudan） during the period （2002-2003） which classified under family Eriophyidae from different hosts were selected and examined carefully. These were recognized as Cisaberoptus kenyae （K.） on Mango Mangifera indica, Acalitus hassani （K.） onArrak Salvadora persica, Aceria balanites （Massee） on Heglig Balanites aegyptiaca, Colomerus vitis on Grape Vitis sp. （for the first time in the Sudan） and Eriophyes tulipae （K.） on Onion Allium cepa and garlic Allium sativum respectively. The remaining six eriophyid mites were not completely described but designated as Eriophyes sp. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 on Sidir Ziziphus spina, Aradeib Tamarindus indica, Harazz, Acacia albida, Talha Acacia seyal var. seyal, Seyal Acacia tortilis var. raddiana and Mormeet Pergia capensis respectively. The response of 12 different plant species infested artificially with Cisaberoptus kenyae （K.）, Acalitus hassani （K.） and Eriophyes tulipae （K.） were studied after two months of infestation. The results showed that onion and garlic plants were severely infested with Eriophyes tulipae （K.） while tomato was found to be susceptible for Cisaberoptus kenyae （K.） and Acalitus hassani （K.） showing moderate infestations. On the other hand, sorghum and wheat infested with Eriophyes tulipae （K.） showed moderate and light infestations respectively. On the contrary, mite infestations were not detected on the rest of plant species. The degree of infestation of Eriophyid mites species on different test plants, measured by symptoms appeared on plant leaves.

Experimental Study on Hydrothermal Drying for Sewage Sludge in Large-Scale Commercial Plant

The study was conducted to demonstrate the performance of the large-scale commercial plant of the hydrothermal drying of sewage sludge. Its performance was compared with that of the small-scale pilot facility to confirm the scaling effect of the facility. It has been shown that the optimum reaction temperature was 190℃ and reaction time was 30 minutes for both facilities. The dehydration performance of the products of the hydrothermal treatment and the natural drying performance of the dehydrated residue were almost the same for both facilities, which demonstrated that the small-scale pilot facility could simulate the commercial-scale plant well. With these optimum hydrothermal reaction conditions, the moisture content of the dehydrated product was less than 40% by the use of the frame filter, which had better dehydration performance than the centrifuge dehydrator. The moisture content of the dehydrated solid residue could be reduced less than 20% and 10% after 24 hours and 48 hours natural drying, respectively. The solubilization rate of sludge into the dehydrated liquid was 10% and 90% of the solid content in the raw sludge could be recovered as a dry solid fuel by this process with reduced energy requirement compared with conventional thermal drying processes. Too high reaction temperature or too long reaction time increased the content of solid material in the dehydrated liquid （solubilization rate of sludge） and reduced the yield of the dry solid fuel.

Cultural Connotation of Landscape Plants and Its Expression in Landscape Design

This paper analyzes and summarizes the historical humanity significance of plants of personality, culture and auspicious symbol reflected in gardens and the expression methods of landscape plants in modern landscape design, which provides more connotation culture support for the application of landscape design.

Energy Saving and Power Factor Correction for Industrial Plants in Hebron District

Energy efficiency can be improved by reducing the amount of energy that we demand, and by changing our behaviors to reduce the amount of energy that we waste. This scheme manipulates the problem of incremental demand, and low Power Factor （PF） for industrial plants, starting with walk through surveys, data analysis, providing advices to insure personnel involvement, and suggestions of practical circuits to attain the target. Elements of effective energy management program can be configured of management commitment, audit, analysis and implementation. Energy management opportunities can he operational and maintenance strategies, retrofit or modification strategies and new design strategies. The new technique of Power Factor Correction （PFC） that has been designed was the High Active Boost Power Factor Correction Pre-regulator Circuit, which was resulted in single / three phase PFC of about unity, in hand with a regulated output single phase voltage of about 220 VAC.

Effect of Plant Density on Yield and Yield Components of Chickpea （Cicer arietinum L.） Grown under Environmental Condition of Golestan, Iran

Chickpea is a major food crop and the world＇s third most widely-grown legume after bean （phaseolus vulgaris L.） and pea （pisum sativam L.）. The yield of chickpea can be improved by planting of optimum density of chickpea cultivars. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of plant density on yield and some characteristics of chickpea （Cicer arietinum L. var. Philips）. A field experiment was conducted on research farm of, Gonbad High Education Center, Iran. The study was laid out factorial in randomized block design with four replications. The treatments were factorial row spacing （A1=35 cm, A2=45 cm and A3=55 cm） and plant spacing in the row （Plant-within-spacing row） （B1=5 cm, B2=7.5 cm and B3=10 cm）. AIBI=（35×5）=57.14, AIB2= （35×7.5）=38.09, A1B3=（35×10）=28.57, A2B1=（45×7）=44.44, A2B2=（45×7.5）=29.26, A2B3=（45× 10）=22.23, A3B1=（55×5）=36.36, A3B2=（55 ×.5）=24.24, A3B3=（55 × 10）=18.18 plant.m^-2. At the harvest time, 5 plants of each plot were selected randomly and used for determination of pods per plant, unfilled pod per plant, height and number of branches. Result showed the yield was not affected by density. The maximum yield obtained in row spacing 55 cm and plant spacing in the row 7.5 cm which was equal 1802.87 kg·ha^-1. Row spacing had statistically significant effect on the pod number per plant, branches number per plant and plant height.

Molybdenum and Cobalt Application in Bean （Phaseolus vulgaris L.） with Two Fertilization Systems under No-Tillage

Molybdenum （Mo） and Cobalt （Co） play an important role in nitrogen （N） metabolism of grain legumes. Their applications to alkaline soils have been scarcely studied. A field experiment was set up to evaluate the Mo and Co application in common bean cv. Canario Centenario under two fertilization systems： inorganic fertilization and inoculation with Rhizobium etli. In each system, Mo and Mo ＋ Co were applied by seed impregnation at doses of 1.36 g/kg of seed for Mo and 0.26 g/kg of seed for Co; a control for each fertilization system and an absolute control were included. Yield components, nodules characteristics and N content by grains and foliage were evaluated. A completely randomized block design with seven treatments and five replications was used. Mo application increased the grain yield, grain size, nodulation and N accumulation in grains under both fertilization systems. Mo increased the total N uptake by the plant in 35.4% and 26%, for N fertilized and inoculated plants, respectively. Co application increased only nodules number and weight, and N content under inoculation. Mo application to beans cultivated in alkaline soils is recommended, but Co application is suitable only when beans are inoculated with rhizobia.

AQUAREL： Project Aimed at Improving Water Management in French Dairy Plants

The AQUAREL project was launched in 2015 by the CNIEL （French Dairy Interbranch Orgainzation） to propose solutions to dairy processors for the development of water reuse scenarios on their plants. The project focused particularly on the valorization of water from milk which is water obtained during concentration and evaporation processes of milk and its by-products. Firstly, a literature review was done to identify the current uses of water from milk on French plants but also on foreign sites, the technologies used to treat it and the regulations related to water reuse in food industry. Secondly, a field survey was led to establish an overview of the water consumptions and practices existing on the plants. Then, samples were collected on five dairy plants in order to determine the physico-chemical and microbiological composition of water from milk. Thus, the important collection of results obtained was used as a basis for exchanges with water treatment equipment suppliers in order to identify the suitable technologies to treat and reuse water from milk. Two treatment channels were identified, each of them including a filtration and a disinfection step. All this work led to the writing of reports which are now available for the dairy sector professionals.

How to Apply Color to the Landscape Design

In nature, garden plants are colorful with obvious seasonal changes. Using plant colors for landscape design, one must first understand the composition and function performance of various colors. Only following the basic art principle can we achieve the ideal color combination effect to create all kinds of beautiful landscape. This paper analyzes the color connotation and meaning first, and then elaborates the color applications in landscape design.

Some Thoughts on Science-based Botanical Garden Establishment

Through analysis of the historical and present development of botanical gardens, both domestic and international, with particular focus on botanical garden practices within the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), the authors propose that science-based botanical gardens (which differ from common public gardens), should be founded on plant diversity inventory and ex-situ conservation of wild plant species. Efforts should be directed to rarer species from biodiversity-rich areas and biodiversity hotspots, utilizing cutting-edge technologies to effectively preserve germplasm in living collections. Science-based botanical garden management should be directed by sound scientific evaluation of plant resources and guaranteed by innovative operational mechanisms. Science-based botanical gardens should also emphasize the establishment of identifiable and specialized living collections, research platforms and recruitment of qualified experts. In addition to curating living specimens, science-based botanical gardens should pursue research and development of new plant varieties or patents based on their plant collections, thus providing continual support to bio-industry.

A Survey on the Methods of Primer Design Among Plant Pathologists in Australia and New Zealand

Designing primers for PCR-based diagnostics was achieved by executing sight searches on DNA sequences. Visual searching for specific DNA targets is time consuming, subjective and requires optimisation among numerous candidate primer sets. Several primer design software have been linked to useful bioinformatic packages to speed the development of PCR assays. Despite the software options available, primer design has remained a challenging aspect of incursion responses, biosecurity emergencies and microbial forensic applications. Two surveys were conducted among 45 plant virologists and 21 other plant pathologists during the 7th Australasian Plant Virology Workshop and the 16th Biennial Australasian Plant Pathology Conference in 2006 and 2007, respectively. Results show that most primer design learning occurs scientist to scientist rather than during academic teaching. This tendency matches with 16% of scientists users of PCR, who do not engage in primer design and 25% designing primers only by visual means, combining a pool of 41% who if trained, would likely enhance their performance in primer design. Only 13 out of 58 scientists ranked themselves as experts. Implementing primer design in study programs and regional training will benefit plant pathology and entomology, and the responsiveness and performance of biosecurity and microbial forensics in the South Pacific.

Production and Nutritive Value of Shrub Legumes in West Timor, East Nusa Tenggara Province Indonesia

This study aimed to identify the potential of shrub legumes as protein feed in West Timor. Eight shrub legumes, i.e., Clitoria ternatea Q5455 （CT Q5455）, Clitoria ternatea millgara （CT millgara）, Centrosema pascuorum bundey （CP bundey）, Centrosema pascuorum molle （CP molle）, Macroptilium bracteatum juanita （MB Juanita）, Macroptilium bracteatum cadaarga （MB cadaarga）, Dolichos lablab （DL） and Stylossanthes seabrana （SS） were evaluated for their yield and nutritive value in Randomized Block Design. Each legume was cultivated in four plots of different soil fertility as block （5 ~ 5 m2 per plot）. Phosphorus （P） fertilizer was applied once just before planting at level of 50 kg ha~. Watering was done three times per week using sprinkler. The legumes were harvested at 120 days after planting （dap） in three sub-plots of 1 x 1 m2 size for their yield measurement. Samples of each legume was taken for Dry Matter （DM）, Organic Matter （OM）, Crude Protein （CP）, cellulose, hemi-cellulose and lignin content and in vitro DM, OM and CP digestibility test. Data were statistically analyzed using Genstat release 12.2. The results showed that the legumes showed significantly different （P 〈 0.01） in biomass yield. The highest biomass yield was shown by SS （6,739 kg DM ha-l; 6,120 kg OM ha1 and 1,224 kg CP hal） and the lowest was by DL （1,294 kg DM ha^-1; 1,157 kg OM ha^-1 and 242 kg CP ha^-1）. In general, there was no significant difference （P 〉 0.05） of DM digestibility of the eight legumes, except for DL which showed significantly highest （P 〈 0.01） DM and OM digestibility compared to the other.

Amino Acid Contents of Indigofera arrecta Leaves after Application of Foliar Fertilizer

The experiment aimed to investigate foliar fertilizer application effects on amino acid content of Indigofera leaves. lndigofera arrecta was planted in plots during both rainy and dry seasons. Foliar fertilizer concentrations consisted of 10 g, 20 g, 30 g, 40 g and 50 g, which solved in 10 L solvent were appIied on sixteen individual plants per plot, The fertilizer was applied 4 times during vegetative growing period. Block randomized design with 3 replications was used in this experiment. The foliar fertilizer containing 20%-22% N （N total）, 15%-16% P （P205）, 15%-16% K, 1.5% Mg, 1% Ca, 1% Fe, 1.42% Zn, 0.53% Cu, 0.88% Mo, 0.53% B and growth hormone 0.025% indole acetic acid （1AA） and giberelic acid （GA） was applied. Samples of each plot were composited leaves from 3 harvest times. The result showed that the foliar fertilizer did not affect aspartic acid, seriue, histidine, threonine, tyrosine, valine, methionine, iso-leusine and leusine content oflndigofera leave. Foliar fertilizer application up to 50 g/10 L resulted in higher （P 〈 0.05） glutamate acid, glysine, arginine, alanine, proline and lysine than those of other fertilizer levels.

Landscape design method for a green community based on green building design theory

Landscape design for a green community should be favorable for the ambient ecological environment and for enhancement of both the local climate of a residential area and the environmental quality of life. This paper presents optimization methods for plant landscape design that take account of results of comparisons of noise reduction effects, heat island temperature decreases and effects on ventilation. These methods are based on different plant configurations and various luminous environments, such as exterior sunshine and shaded areas after the simulation of exterior luminous, acoustic and thermal environments of a residential area using the analytic software ECOTECT, CADNA/A, and PHEONICS. Three different types of residential buildings are simulated including a faculty apartment in the Xixi Campus of Zhejiang University, the Huaqing Villa and the Gangwan Jiayuan faculty apartment of Zhejiang University, China, based on green building design theory. In addition, the methods and process flow of landscape design of green residential areas are also described for the improvement of the exterior physical living environment.

Distribution System Optimization Planning Based on Plant Growth Simulation Algorithm

An approach for the integrated optimization of the construction/expansion capacity of high-voltage/ medium-voltage (HV/MV) substations and the configuration of MV radial distribution network was presented using plant growth simulation algorithm (PGSA). In the optimization process, fixed costs correspondent to the investment in lines and substations and the variable costs associated to the operation of the system were considered under the constraints of branch capacity, substation capacity and bus voltage. The optimization variables considerably reduce the dimension of variables and speed up the process of optimizing. The effectiveness of the proposed approach was tested by a distribution system planning.

A Review on Genetically Modified Plants Designed to Phytoremediate Polluted Soils： Biochemical Responses and International Regulation

In recent years,there has been an increasing interest in finding sustainable strategies for the efficient removal of contaminants from soils.The objective of this review is to examine the biochemical principles of specific genetic modifications in plants,their applications in the field for specific contaminants as phytotechnologies,and their international regulation.In addition,the review presents some biological aspects of rhizosphere-related phenomena,the interactions of organic and inorganic pollutants with plants,and the performance of the phytotechnologies across the continents.During the last few decades,at least eight genera of genetically modified plants(GMPs)have been tested and used for soil remediation with outstanding results.Arabidopsis,Nicotiana,and Oryza are the plant genera most widely studied.Specific plant genes such as metal transporters,chelators,metallothioneins,phytochelatins,and oxygenases have been transferred to plants to improve the elimination of contaminants in soil.We discuss some important aspects of gene manipulation and its application for removal of diverse contaminants.A key challenge faced by phytotechnologies is the final disposal of the generated biomass,from a safety aspect.We argue that the commercial success of phytotechnologies depends on the generation of valuable biomass on contaminated land and its use for bioenergy generation.The use of such technologies would promote a broader understanding of the importance of plants,especially GMPs,in the environment and their contribution to environmental sustainability.

Expansion of pathogen recognition specificity in plants using pattern recognition receptors and artificially designed decoys

Pathogen/microbe-associated molecular patterns(PAMPs/MAMPs) are recognized by plant pattern recognition receptors(PRRs)localized on the cell surface to activate immune responses.This PAMP-triggered immunity(PTI) confers resistance to a broad range of pathogenic microbes and,therefore,has a great potential for genetically engineering broad-spectrum resistance by transferring PRRs across plant families.Pathogenic effectors secreted by phytopathogens often directly target and inhibit key components of PTI signaling pathways via diverse biochemical mechanisms.In some cases,plants have evolved to produce decoy proteins that mimic the direct virulence target,which senses the biochemical activities of pathogenic effectors.This kind of perception traps the effectors of erroneous targeting and results in the activation of effector-triggered immunity(ETI) instead of suppressing PTI.This mechanism suggests that artificially designed decoy proteins could be used to generate new recognition specificities in a particular plant.In this review,we summarize recent advances in research investigating PAMP recognition by PRRs and virulence effector surveillance by decoy proteins.Successful expansion of recognition specificities,conferred by the transgenic expression of EF-Tu receptor(EFR) and AvrPphB susceptible 1(PBS1) decoys,has highlighted the considerable potential of PRRs and artificially designed decoys to expand plant resistance spectra and the need to further identify novel PRRs and decoys.

Modeling tree root diameter and biomass by ground-penetrating radar

Roots play a key role in ecosystem functioning as they transfer water and nutrients from soil to plants. Traditional methods for measuring roots are labor-intensive and destructive in nature, which limits quantitative and repeatable assessments in long- term research. Ground-penetrating radar （GPR） provides a non-destructive method to measure plant roots. Based on the superiority of GPR with 2 GHz frequency, we developed a new, practical method to estimate root biomass. First, average root matter density was measured by collecting a small number of root samples. Second, under controlled, experimental conditions in a sandy area, a root diameter estimation model base on GPR was developed from which root diameter was estimated. Third, root volume was calculated using the estimated root diameter and assuming the shape of roots to be cylindrical. Finally, root biomass was estimated by averaging root matter density and root volume. Results of this study suggest the following： （1） the density of coarse roots with diameters greater than 0.5 cm is relatively uniform; （2） a new wave shape parameter, AT, extracted from profile data of 2 GHz frequency antenna is independent of root depth, thus enabling the construction of a root diameter estimation model with high accuracy; and （3） results of a field experiment demonstrated the GPR-based method to be feasible and effective in estimating biomass of coarse roots. These findings are helpful for improving GPR-based root diameter and biomass estimation models and suggest the potential of GPR data in studying root systems.