植石技术在混凝土桥面沥青铺装结构中的应用

为了分析植石层间处理技术对水泥混凝土桥面沥青铺装层层间抗剪性能的影响,推荐最佳的植石关键技术参数,采用提出的类剪切模量并结合极限抗剪强度指标,通过正交试验,探讨了石料种类、石料粒径、石料撒布面积、石料压入深度比等植石参数对铺装层层间抗剪性能的影响;通过极差分析,对植石参数影响的显著性进行了评价.结果表明:13.2~16.0mm的单粒级辉绿岩石料,在撒布面积为80%,压入深度比为0.2时,铺装层层间抗剪性能较佳,对应的防水黏层油最佳用量为0.9L/m^2;植石参数的显著性水平依次为:石料压入深度比>石料粒径>石料撒布面积>石料种类.

植石水泥混凝土路面噪声特性分析

为了分析植石水泥混凝土路面噪声特性,采用轮胎加速下落法测试不同纹理水泥混凝土路面噪声水平,在此基础上分析了其1/3倍频程谱分布特性,同时还分析了纹理深度、轮胎速度对植石水泥混凝土路面噪声特性的影响。研究结果表明:大孔隙路面结构降噪效果更佳,植石水泥混凝土路面降噪特性要明显优于其他普通类型水泥混凝土路面;植石水泥混凝土路面噪声水平随其构造深度增大呈现先减小后增大的趋势,在构造深度为1.7mm左右时噪声水平最低;轮胎速度越高,空气泵吸作用和轮胎振动作用越明显,植石水泥混凝土路面轮胎/路面噪声水平也就越高。

基于植石工艺的桥面混凝土铺装层施工技术参数研究

为了确定植石工艺桥面混凝土铺装层的施工技术参数,选取混凝土成熟度作为碎石撒布时间的控制指标,进行了四种坍落度混凝土的贯入度试验,通过正交试验,探讨坍落度、植入时间、碎石级配、碎石撒布面积等参数对压入荷载的影响.结果表明,试验确定了针对不同坍落度混凝土的碎石撒布成熟度上限为75℃·h;针对桥面铺装100～120mm坍落度的混凝土,采用9.5～13.2mm单粒级碎石或混合料,植入深度比为0.2或0.4施工是可行的,撒布面积对压入荷载影响不明显.

植石混凝土桥面沥青铺装层间抗剪性能研究

为了研究植石水泥混凝土桥面板与沥青铺装层层间抗剪性能,采用传统的刻槽、毛面、光面界面类型桥面铺装试件作为对比,测试了0,0.7,1.4MPa这3个竖向荷载作用下,不同界面类型试件的层间极限抗剪强度;分析了0.7MPa竖向荷载作用下,不同界面类型试件层间剪应力与剪切位移的关系;研究了温度、水以及冻融循环作用对不同界面类型试件层间抗剪性能的影响,并进一步针对植石界面类型试件,分析了AC-13C,AC-20C与SMA-13沥青铺装层对其层间抗剪性能的影响.结果表明:与另外3种界面类型试件相比,植石界面类型试件具有较大的内摩阻角和黏聚力,其层间极限抗剪强度达到1.0MPa以上,并且残余抗剪强度达到了极限抗剪强度的80%;植石界面类型试件对环境中温度和水的敏感性较低,在冻融循环作用下其层间极限抗剪强度衰减幅度最小;沥青铺装层材料组成对植石界面类型试件的层间抗剪强度具有显著影响,AC-20C和SMA-13沥青铺装层试件的层间抗剪性能优于AC-13C沥青铺装层试件.

植石混凝土桥面沥青铺装层间抗剪特性

将植石技术应用于混凝土桥面沥青铺装结构,可以改善铺装层的层间抗剪性能,为了分析植石桥面铺装结构的层间抗剪特性,首先采用直接剪切试验测试了不同界面类型桥面铺装试件的层间抗剪强度,并模拟分析了植石桥面铺装结构对车辆荷载的适应性。然后研究了界面剂对植石桥面铺装结构层间抗剪性能的影响,并推荐了界面剂应用工艺和最佳用量。研究结果表明:植石桥面铺装结构具有良好的层间抗剪性能,并且对车辆的重载作用以及启动或制动时的冲击荷载作用具有较好的适应性;建议采用后洒工艺应用界面剂,推荐界面剂的最佳用量为0.4~0.8L/m2。

多自然型河流构造技术——植石治理法浅析

近年来,河流水质污染问题日益突出,物理、化学、生物等各种治理技术也日益创新。从物理法、化学法和生物/生态技术等各种河流污染治理技术的适用范围及原理来看,生物/生态技术是河流污染治理的首选,而多自然型河流构造技术则是生物/生态技术的首选。本文主要介绍了多自然型河流构造技术——植石治理法的修复原理及其所构造的浅滩深潭的理化结构指标。

植石水泥混凝土路面成型工艺试验

为了研究植石水泥混凝土表面纹理与碎石压入效果的关系,针对压入时间、压入深度与压入荷载等碎石压入效果关键成型工艺控制参数,采用路面材料强度试验仪模拟植石水泥混凝土室内成型工艺,分析不同因素对成型工艺参数的影响。首先选取水泥混凝土、水泥砂浆、水泥净浆3种拌合物,分别测试不同压入条件下的压入荷载,分析拌合物材料组成对成型工艺参数的影响。然后根据不同稠度水泥混凝土拌合物的初凝时间,推荐了碎石的最迟压入时间,并在不同的压入深度条件下分析混凝土稠度、碎石粒径、碎石撒布面积、压入时间等因素对压入荷载的影响,并推荐植石水泥混凝土适宜的成型工艺参数。同时通过计算压入荷载的极差,分析不同因素对成型工艺参数影响程度的差异。试验结果表明:植石水泥混凝土碎石压入荷载主要来自于水泥混凝土拌合物中粗集料的阻碍作用,此外细集料影响了碎石与水泥混凝土拌合物接触界面的摩擦特性,也对其产生一定的影响;水泥混凝土拌合物流动性越好,碎石越易压入,但是流动性过大时碎石易被完全压入,推荐采用稠度为塑性水泥混凝土作为植石技术的嵌入层材料;碎石宜采用单粒径,其压入荷载与碎石撒布面积成正相关关系,碎石撒布面积过小无法形成丰富的表面纹理,碎石撒布面积过大则易脱落,撒布面积宜为60%~70%;压入时间过迟,水泥混凝土早期强度逐渐形成,碎石压入可能会造成水泥混凝土塑性破坏,压入时间不宜超过75℃·h;混凝土稠度对植石水泥混凝土碎石压入荷载的影响最为突出,碎石粒径与压入时间次之,碎石撒布面积影响最小。

The Comparison of Contents of Malondialdehyde and Proline in the Area of Karst Area in Northweastern Guangxi Province

[Objective] To select excellent pioneer species of better ecological and economical comprehensive benefits from the common rock hill plants in Karst area in northwestern Guangxi Province.[Method] Determine the contents of malondialdehyde and proline in leaves of 65 strains of plants by thiobarbituric acid method and sultosalicylic acid method,analyze the relevance of the contents of malondialdehyde and proline by mathematics statistics and analyze the 65 kinds of rock hill plants by clustering [Result] The contents of malondialdehyde and proline are 0.005 2-0.038 1 μmol/g.There are comparably significant differences in the contents of malondialdehyde in different plants;The determination of proline contents in plant＇s leaves are 4.347-374.956 μg/ml.There are also significant differences in proline of different leaves of rock hill plants.The contents of malondialdehyde and proline can be used as a reference point in selecting pioneer plants in Karst area.But when we select the pioneer plants,not only the biological characters of the species themselves should be taken into consideration,but also the differences of Karst area environment,ecological and biological benefits and the reasonable distribution of species.[Conclusion] Pistacia chinensis,Zenia insignis,Acacia confusa,Itoa orientalis and Sophora japonica can be used as the first choices of excellent pioneer plants in Karst area in northwestern area which comparably consists with the real situation of afforestation of rock hills and recovery of plants in Guangxi.

Study on the Characteristics of Main Vegetation Communities in the Limestone Region of Taihang Mountain

[Objective] The aim was to study the characteristics of main vegetation communities in the limestone region of Taihang Mountain,so as to lay foundation for the further improvement of site conditions and the scientific breeding of vegetation used to restore the mountain field in limestone region.[Method] Based on the investigation of various vegetation communities in controlled test area,forbidden region and barren hillsides in Daqing Mountain basin,Beishui Valley,Mancheng County,Hebei Province,the difference among controlled region,forbidden region and barren hillsides could be found through data analysis and composite score,and the modes of vegetation communities in controlled region and forbidden region were compared to select predominant species of arbor,shrub and grass in limestone region.[Result] Under the similar site conditions,nutrient content and physical properties of soil in controlled region and forbidden region were superior to those of barren hillsides,and persimmon had high nutrient content and better physical properties compared with oriental arborvitae in controlled region;soil water maintenance and litter characters in controlled region and forbidden region improved more obviously than that of barren hillsides,and shrubbery in forbidden region was the most excellent,arborvitae and persimmon in controlled region the second;the biomass and the coverage rate of vegetation communities in controlled region and forbidden region were higher than those of barren hillsides,and those of shrubbery in forbidden region were better than tussock in closing hill,while persimmon was better than arborvitae in controlled region.The predominant species of arbor,shrub and herbage were obtained through composite score.[Conclusion] From the aspects of soil nutrient,physical properties,soil water maintenance,litter characters,vegetation biomass,canopy density and coverage,controlled region and forbidden region were superior to barren hillsides,and the selection of predominant species of arbor,shrub and herbage considered both ecological and economic benefits.

Phytoecdysterones from Cucubalus baccifer (Caryophyllaceae)

Six phytoecdysterones have been isolated from the n-BuOH portion of Cucubalus baccifer L., a Chinese folk medicinal plant. Their structures were elucidated as ecdysterone (1), 24(28)-ecdysterone (2), 22-deoxyecdysterone (3), 25-hydroxypanuosterone (4), rubrosterone (5) and 2,22-dideoxyecdysterone 3 beta -O-beta -D-glucopyranoside (6) respectively on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical methods. Among them compound 6 was a new phytoecdysterone glycoside and 1-5 were first obtained from this plant.

New Microorganisms from the Gaoyuzhuang Formation of Northern Taihang Mountains, China

A new diverse assemblage of microorganisms has been discovered in black bedded, nodular and lenticular cherts and dark chert of domical stromatolites in dolostone of the Gaoyuzhuang Formation in Lingqiu County, northern Taihang Mountains. The geologic relationships, biostratigraphic correlations, and available radiometric age determinations place the age of the Gaoyuzhuang Formation at approximately 1400-1600 million years in age. Eight new species, three unnamed species, and two emended genera of oscillatoriacean, nostocacean, and chroococcacean cyanobacteria are described. These data coupled with reports of others indicate that the diversity of taxa in the Gaoyuzhuang Formation reaches 100 species. The Gaoyuzhuang Formation contains one of the richest Mesoproterozoic communities of microfossils. The following new and emended taxa are described: Oscillatoriaceae: Eophormidium orculiformis sp. nov., E, sp,, Siphonophycus caudataceous sp, nov., Palaeolyngbya complanata sp, nov., P. capitata sp. nov., P. sp. and Oscillatoriopsis sp.. Nostocaceae: Veteronostocale vaginata sp, nov.. Chroococcaceae: Maculosphaera giganta sp. nov. and Gloeotheceopsis grandis sp. nov. Incertae sedis: Myxcxoccoides limpida sp. nov.

Pollen and Phytolith Analyses of Ancient Paddy Fields at Chuodun Site, the Yangtze River Delta

A number of paddy fields pertaining to the Majiabang Cultures (5500-3800 years BC) were discovered during the archaeological excavations that were carried out since 1998 at the Chuodun site in the Yangtze River Delta. The pollen and phytolith analyses of two soil profiles from the northeastern part of this site were carried out to trace the agricultural practices of the Neolithic period. The phytolith results showed that rice domestication in the Yangtze River Delta could be traced back to as early as the Majiabang Culture. The pollen assemblage also revealed low levels of aquatic species, similar to that in modern paddy fields. This finding suggested that humans might have removed weeds for rice cultivation during the Neolithic period. Thus, pollen analysis in association with phytolith analysis was a promising method for identifying ancient paddy fields.

Response of Tomato on Calcareous Soils to Different Seedbed Phosphorus Application Rates

Field experiments were conducted with five rates （0, 75, 150, 225, and 450 kg P205 ha^-1） of seedbed P fertilizer application to investigate the yield of tomato in response to fertilizer P rate on calcareous soils with widely different levels of Olsen P （13-142 mg kg^-1） at 15 sites in some suburban counties of Beijing in 1999. Under the condition of no P fertilizer application, tomato yield generally increased with an increase in soil test P levels, and the agronomic level for soil testing P measured with Olsen method was 50 or 82 mg kg^-1 soil to achieve 85% or 95% of maximum tomato yield, respectively. With regard to marketable yield, in the fields where Olsen-P levels were 〈 50 mg kg^-1, noticeable responses to applied P were observed. On the basis of a linear plateau regression, the optimum seedbed P application rate in the P-insufflcient fields was 125 kg P205 ha^-1 or about 1.5-2 times the P removal from harvested tomato plants. In contrast, in fields with moderate （50 〈 Olsen P 〈 90 mg kg^-1） or high （Olsen P 〉 90 mg kg^-1） available P, there was no marked effect on tomato fruit yield. Field survey data indicated that in most fields with conventional P management, a P surplus typically occurred. Thus, once the soil test P level reached the optimum for crop yield, it was recommended that P fertilizer application be restricted or eliminated to minimize negative environmental effects.

Effect of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on the growth and p53/c-Myc protein expression of implanted hepatic VX_2 tumor in rabbits by intravenous injection

AIM： To evaluate the effect of hydroxyapatite nano- particles （Nano HAP） by intravenous injection on the inhibition of implanted hepatic VX2 tumor growth in rabbits and cell p53/c-Myc protein expression. METHODS： 60 hepatic VX2 tumor-bearing rabbits was randomly divided into five groups. Nano HAP collosol 20 mglkg, 40 mg/kg, 5-FU solutions 20 mg/mL, mixed liquor of 5-FU solution 20 mg/mL and Nano HAP collosol 20 mg/kg were infused by vein, normal saline conducted as the control. The general state, weight, liver function and gross tumor volume were detected dynamically. The expression of p53 and c-Myc gene protein in tumor tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry methods. RESULTS： The growth of implanted hepatic VX2 tumors was significantly inhibited in all therapy groups, 3 wk after the injection, the tumor control rates in Nano HAP collosol groups were 25.5% and 32.5% respectively, and the gross tumor volumes were obviously less than that of control group. （24.81 ± 5.17 and 22.73 ± 4.23 vs 33.32 ± 5.26, P 〈 0.05）. The tumor control rate of 5-FU group was 43.7% （18.74 4± 4.40 vs 33.32 ± 5.26, P 〈 0.05）, but the general state of the animals after injection aggravated; and the adverse reaction in the drug combination group obviously decreased. Due to the effect of Nano HAP, the positive expression of tumor associated the mutated p53 and c-Myc in tumor tissue was decreased obviously compared with the control group. CONCLUSION： Nano HAP has evident inhibitory action on rabbit implanted hepatic VX2 tumor in vivo, which may be the result of decreasing the expression of the mutated p53 and c-myc, and drug combination can obviously decrease the adverse reaction of 5-FU.

Integrated Debris Flow Disaster Mitigation—A Comprehensive Method for Debris Flow Disaster Mitigation

Integrated disaster mitigation needs interpreting torrent catchment areas as complex landscape systems. The history of valley-evolution shows the influence of climate and vegetation on the valley-evolution. The energy-concept (energy dissipation concept including the idea of the energy-line) is used for a simple explanation of debris flow. Examples of heavy debris flow disasters in controlled torrents in the Alps and Pyrenees give hints, which expanding the time scale can show that side-effects restrict or counteract the mitigation measures. A pallet of different mitigation measures to avoid or to reduce some of the side-effects is shown. The comprehensive method of disaster mitigation also includes the effect of vegetation. The pallet includes: avoiding hazards (hazard mapping, warning and alarming), appropriate land use and avoiding disaster-enhancing measures in the landscape and technical measures, which take into account their side-effects. The energy line is used as simple design theory. The Jiu-Jitsu Principle is explained too. With this comprehensive method a more sustainable reduction of disasters seems possible.

Selective depression mechanism of combination of lime and sodium humate on arsenopyrite in flotation separation of Zn-As bulk concentrate

Lime(CaO)and sodium humate(NaHA)were used as the combined depressant for arsenopyrite pre-treated by CuSO_(4) and butyl xanthate.Micro-flotation tests show that the combined depressant CaO and NaHA achieved the selective depression of arsenopyrite.Closed-circuit lab-scale test results indicate that the synergistic effect of CaO+NaHA achieved a satisfactory flotation separation of sphalerite and arsenopyrite,for which the Zn grade and recovery of Zn concentrate were 51.21%and 92.21%,respectively.Contact angle measurements,adsorption amount measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis indicate that the dissolved calcium species(mainly as Ca(2+))were adsorbed on the mineral surfaces,thereby promoting NaHA adsorption.Moreover,the surface of the arsenopyrite absorbed more amount of calcium species and NaHA than that of the sphalerite,thereby accounting for the strong hydrophilic surface of arsenopyrite.The adsorption of NaHA on arsenopyrite was mainly chemical adsorption through its carboxyl groups and Ca atoms,whereas that on sphalerite surface was relatively weak.

Evidence for marine transgression between 7500–5400BC at the Luotuodun Site in Yixing,Jiangsu Province

Based on archaeological excavations, 217 samples were collected from the Luotuodun Site. Of them 63 samples from the section plane of the site layer were used for identification analysis of foraminifera, plant debris and seed fossils, and four samples were used for 14C dating and relevant analysis. Through many kinds of experiments, we have drawn some conclusions. Firstly, benthic foraminifera, such as Ammonia compressiuscula and Ammonia cff. sobrina, are found in the lOth layer, indicating that between 7500 and 5400 BC, i.e. before the emergence of the Majiabang Culture, Luotuodun Site and its nearby regions had ever experienced a marine transgression event. Secondly, we have found 450 plant fossils in this site, such as Polygonum sp., Scripus sp., Najas sp., Physalis sp., which indicated lacustrine or swamp environment.

Detection of BCL2-IGHrearrangement on paraffin-embedded tissue sections obtained from a small submucosal tumor of the rectum in a patient with recurrent follicular lymphoma

A 59-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of recurrent follicular lymphoma(FL).Colonoscopic examination revealed a rectal submucosal tumor(SMT)without any erosions and ulcers.In this patient,it was difficult to distinguish non-Hodgkin's lymphoma(NHL)invasion from other disorders of the colon including carcinoid tumor merely based on endoscopic findings.Histopathologic and immunohistochemical studies on biopsy specimens showed an infiltration of atypical lymphocytes that were positive for CD20 and BCL2 but negative for UCHL-1.Fluorescence in situ hybridization on paraffin-embedded tissue sections (T-FISH)identified a translocation of BCL2 with IGHgene. Based on these findings,the tumor was defined as an invasion of FL.T-FISH method is useful for the detection of a monoclonality of atypical lymphocytes in an SMT of the gastrointestinal tract,and particularly for the detection of chromosomal translocations specific to lymphoma subtypes.

Anomozamites(Bennettitales) from Middle Jurassic Haifanggou Formation,western Liaoning,China

The Middle Jurassic Hangfanggou Formation is well exposed in Shangsanjiao and Xiasanjiao villages area,Baimashi town of Huludao,western Liaoning,China.Recently,abundant fossil plants were collected from the Hangfanggou Formation.One new species,Anomozamites sanjiaocunensis sp.nov.(Bennettitales),is described in this study.This is the first report of the genus Anomozamites from the Haifanggou Formation based upon the leaf morphology and epidermal structures.The discovery of the new species extends significantly the stratigraphic and geographic distribution of Anomozamites in the Middle Jurassic.It also shows that Anomozamites was a common member of Bennettitales once lived in the Middle Jurassic warm temperate region.The new species also improves the knowledge on understanding the leaf morphology,epidermal features and the diversity of Anomozamites during the Middle Jurassic.The epidermal characters of the new species and its associated plants reveal that the plants grew in a warm and moderately humid environment in the warm temperate zone.The presence of some deciduous plants,such as ginkgoaleans,czekanowskialeans and conifers,indicate the climate with seasonal fluctuations in temperature.

Uptake of Organic Phosphorus by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Red Clover

The capacities of two arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, Glomusmosseae and Glomus versiforme, to mineralize added organic P werestudied in a sterilized clacareous soil. Mycorrhizal (inoculated witheither of the AM fungi) and non-mycorrhizal red clover (Trifoliumpratense L.) plants were grown for eight weeks in pots with upperroot, central hyphal and lower soil compartments. The hyphal and soilcompartments received either organic P (as Na-phytte) or inorganic P(as KH_2PO_4) at the rate of 50 mg P kg^-1. No P was added to theroot compartments.