基于植被指数-地表温度特征空间的伊河流域蒸散发量估算

利用MODIS卫星遥感植被指数(VI)和地表温度(Ts)产品,通过构建VI-Ts特征空间计算Priestlay-Taylor系数,并改进较为常用的三角形方法(VI的平滑除噪、Ts的高程订正、蒸发比及地表通量参数计算的优化),进而基于Priestlay-Taylor方程进行陆面蒸散发量估算。将改进的三角形方法应用于黄河重要支流伊河流域蒸散发量估算,估算结果与参考作物蒸散发量及土壤湿度状况的对比分析取得了较好的模拟效果,同时,利用该方法估算的陆面蒸散发量合理地反映了不同土地利用类型间蒸散发量的差异和季节性变化特征。

Intra-annual Vegetation Change Characteristics in the NDVI-Ts Space:Application to Farming-Pastoral Zone in North China

Land use/land cover change (LUCC) mapping and analysis using multi-temporal normalize difference vegetation index (NDVI) data have been well documented. Recent empirical studies have documented that many new methods with high accuracy of retrieved land surface temperature ( Ts) have been developed. Thus, the combination of land surface temperature and NDVI has the greatest potential to improve the surface vegetation dynamic monitoring. In this study, the following objectives are pursued to: (1) introduce the practical method to produce the Ts, NDVI and Ts/NDVI based on remotely sensed data; (2) investigate the different retrieved result of vegetation cover information from NDVI, Ts and Ts/NDVI data sets, and analyze the intra-annual time trajectories of different vegetation cover categories in the NDVI- Ts space for farming-pastoral zone in North China, and (3) quantitative analysis the difference in using NDVI, Ts and Ts/NDVI data sets to express information based on the indices (information entropy and averaged information grads), and evaluate the relative role of Ts/NDVI data set in the discrimination of different vegetation cover categories through comparison to traditional NDVI data set.

关中地区土壤干湿变化及对气候的响应

关中地区是陕西省主要的农业生产基地,但频发的旱灾严重阻碍了社会经济的发展。土壤湿度作为反映旱灾的一个重要指标,进行土壤湿度对气候因子响应的研究,可为科学认识干旱规律及制定政策提供依据。以关中地区为研究区,采用2001—2020年的MODIS-NDVI与MODIS-LST长时间序列数据,构建了关中地区地表土壤干湿状况(TVDI)特征空间,采用线性趋势法、相关性分析、敏感性分析等统计方法对关中地区土壤干湿状况的空间分布特征及其对气候的响应进行分析。结果表明:(1)TVDI能够较为准确的反演出关中地区的土壤湿度状况。近20 a来,关中地区土壤干湿状况存在变干趋势;其中,春季最旱、冬季次之。(2)土壤干湿状况的空间分布存在明显的空间异质性,整体上呈现西南向东北干旱递增的趋势。(3)土壤干湿状况与降水和气温存在相关性。与降水呈正相关关系,随着降水量增加,土壤湿度增加;与气温呈负相关关系,随着气温升高,土壤湿度降低。(4)降水对土壤干湿状况的敏感性较高,而气温对土壤干湿状况的变化程度起着较大的影响。降水决定了土壤湿度值的增加或减少的方向,而气温则决定了增加或减少的程度。土壤干湿状况是一个综合指标,其值受降水和气温的影响。降水是决定增减趋势的主要因素,而气温则决定了增减的幅度。因此,仅研究气温和降水的影响时,降水是控制土壤干湿状况增减趋势的主要因素,而气温则调节了这种增减的幅度。

Influences of the interannual variability of vegetation LAI on surface temperature

The influences of interannual variability of vegetation LAI on surface temperature are investigated via two ensemble simulations, applying the Community Earth System Model. The interannual LAI, derived from Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies NDVI for the period 1982-2011, and its associated climatological LAI, are used in the two ensemble simulations, respectively.The results show that the signals of the influences, represented as ensemble-mean differences, are generally weaker than the noises of the atmospheric variability, represented as one standard deviation of the ensemble differences. Spatially, the signals are stronger over the tropics compared with the mid-high latitudes. Such stronger signals are contributed by the significant linearity between LAI and surface temperature, which is mainly caused via the influences of LAI on evapotranspiration.The maximum amplitudes of the influences on the interannual variability of surface temperature are high and thus deserve full consideration. However, the mean magnitudes of influences are small because of the small changes in the amplitudes of LAI. This work only investigates the influences of the interannual variability of LAI and does not consider interannual changes in other vegetation characteristics, such as canopy height and fractional cover. Further work involving dynamic vegetation models may be needed to investigate the influences of vegetation variability.

Study on the Urban Heat Island Effects and Its Relationship with Surface Biophysical Characteristics Using MODIS Imageries

This study assesses surface urban heat island (UHI) and its associated surface physical characteristics using remote sensing approaches. TERRA/MODIS images acquired in 2005 in three different seasons were selected to generate land surface tem-perature and surface characteristics for the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan metropolitan area in China. The intensity of urban heat is-land effects and its seasonal variations were examined. The result showed that UHI effects were significant both in the summer and the spring. Land surface temperatures in the city were 8 ℃ to 10℃ warmer than those in surrounding rural areas in the spring and the summer seasons. Although UHI effects exist in winter, they are not significant. Land surface temperature in the city was 4℃ warmer than that in surrounding rural areas in winter. This study uses normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and normal-ized difference built-up index (NDBI) as indicators of surface physical characteristics and investigates the relationship among land surface temperature (LST), NDVI and NDBI. The results from this study indicate that, while the relationship between LST and NDVI changes in different seasons, there is a strong positive linear relationship between NDBI and LST for all seasons. The amount of slope and intercept of the linear relationship between NDBI and LST can indicate the magnitude of UHI for different seasons. This finding suggests that NDBI provides an alternative physical indicator for analyzing LST quantitatively over different seasons, and therefore providing a useful way to study UHI effects using remote sensing.