In recent years, grafting to improve salt-tolerance of vegetables has been studied extensively. The rootstock species, Solanum melongena cv Black Beauty, Solanum lycopersicum cv Akash and Solanum nigrum （bitter gumma...In recent years, grafting to improve salt-tolerance of vegetables has been studied extensively. The rootstock species, Solanum melongena cv Black Beauty, Solanum lycopersicum cv Akash and Solanum nigrum （bitter gumma）, reportedly salt-tolerant, were evaluated for their graft compatibility with Capsicum chinense cv Scotch Bonnet. Grafted and non-grafted plants were grown for three weeks under greenhouse conditions. Graft compatibility was determined by the regeneration of vascular bundles across the graft interface and vegetative growth parameters. The results showed that the highest survival percentage （100%） was obtained in the Scotch Bonnet/Black Beauty heterografts and the lowest （16%） was obtained in the Scotch Bonnet/bitter gumma heterografts. Vascular regeneration across the graft interface was seen in Scotch Bonnet autografts and heterografts with Black Beauty. Graft incompatibility observed in heterografts on Akash and bitter gumma rootstocks could be attributed to the presence of a necrotic layer at the graft interface. In conclusion, progressive scion growth and development and the regeneration of vascular bundles across the graft interface are effective in determining graft compatibility between Scotch Bonnet and selected solanceous species. This suggests that Scotch Bonnet can be cultivated under saline growing condition.展开更多
This experiment was conducted to optimize the culture conditions to induce calli from chilli pepper （Capsicum annuum L.） local cultivar. The mature seeds were surface sterilized for one min with 70% Ethanol followed...This experiment was conducted to optimize the culture conditions to induce calli from chilli pepper （Capsicum annuum L.） local cultivar. The mature seeds were surface sterilized for one min with 70% Ethanol followed by 20 min with （0%, 2%, 4% or 6%） NaOCI and were germinated on MS medium with 2 mg/L GA3. Seedlings and mature fruits were used as explants source. The placenta, pericarp, hypocotyls, cotyledonal leaves, shoot tips and roots were cultured on MS media supplemented with Kinetin （0.0 mg/L, 0.5 mg/L, 1.0 mg/L, 2.0 mg/L） and IAA （0.0 mg/L, 1.0 mg/L, 2.0 mg/L） in different combinations or NAA or 2,4-D （0.0 mg/L, 1.0 mg/L, 2.0 mg/L, 4.0 mg/L）. Callus fresh weight was recorded after 4 weeks in culture. The results showed that the best sterilizing method was with 70% Ethanol followed by 20 mints with （4% or 6%） NaOCI, however 6% NaOCI reduced seed＇s viability. Callus was induced from all explants cultured on MS media supplemented with IAA and Kinetin except the placenta and the pericarp. The results showed that the hypocotyls surpass all other explants in the mean callus fresh weight which was 160.58 mg compared with 147.81 mg, 134.95 mg, and 122.33 mg for cotyledonal leaves, shoot tips and roots respectively. Moreover the analysis of the interaction between the growth regulators and the explants showed that 2 mg/L IAA and Kinetin had significant effect on callus mean fresh weight which was （309.74, 339.14, 358.48, and 284.64） mg for the shoot tips, cotyledonal leaves, hypocotyls and roots, respectively. On the other hand, 2 mg/L 2,4-D or NAA was the best concentration for callus induction from the placenta and the pericarp. The pericarp gave a mean fresh weight of 276.90 mg in the presence of 2,4-D compared with 253.60 mg for the placenta. Moreover the pericarps gave significantly higher fresh weight than the placenta with an average of 210.3mg and 184.9 mg respectively in the presence of 2 mg/L NAA. In conclusion the best sterilization method of chilli pepper seeds is by 70% ethanol for one minute followed by 20 min in 4% （NaOCI）. The best explants for callus induction only is the Hypocotyls grown on MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/L oflAA and Kinetin under the conditions of the current experiment.展开更多
Two separate experiments were conducted in bell pepper （Capsicum annum L.） in order to evaluate the effects of temperature and radiation on fruit yield. The results of the temperature experiment were integrated into...Two separate experiments were conducted in bell pepper （Capsicum annum L.） in order to evaluate the effects of temperature and radiation on fruit yield. The results of the temperature experiment were integrated into the radiation experiment to give an overall empirical model for potential pepper fruit yield grown in greenhouse. In the temperature experiment, pepper plants were planted during the summer time of Israel in the Arava region in a commercial, one hectare greenhouse, equipped with a cooling wet-mat system. Eleven plots were assigned along the 80 m down the row from the wet mat. Air seasonal temperatures were affected by the distance from the wet-mat and linearly increased at the rate of 0.036 ℃/m, while relative humidity was not affected. Fruit yield dropped from 19.4 kg/m at a distance of 20 m, to 13.1 kg/m2 at 80 m away from the wet-mat, respectively. Yield regression decreased linearly with increased temperature at -11%/℃. In the radiation experiment, during the summer time of Israel in the Western Negev region, three sweet pepper varieties were grown under six radiation treatments, which accumulated to the following relative global radiation fractions （lint/lout）： 0.72, 0.61, 0.46, 0.38, 0.32 and 0.21 from outside radiation. The three varieties did not differ in their response to radiation. The seasonal temperature normalized yield response to radiation quantity at 21 ℃ （Y21） yielded a linear regression formula with a slope of 7.6 × 10^-3 kg/m^2/MJ. The multiplicative model of temperature and radiation on fruit yield was found to predict well the potential fruit yield for various locations and seasons in Israel.展开更多
文摘In recent years, grafting to improve salt-tolerance of vegetables has been studied extensively. The rootstock species, Solanum melongena cv Black Beauty, Solanum lycopersicum cv Akash and Solanum nigrum （bitter gumma）, reportedly salt-tolerant, were evaluated for their graft compatibility with Capsicum chinense cv Scotch Bonnet. Grafted and non-grafted plants were grown for three weeks under greenhouse conditions. Graft compatibility was determined by the regeneration of vascular bundles across the graft interface and vegetative growth parameters. The results showed that the highest survival percentage （100%） was obtained in the Scotch Bonnet/Black Beauty heterografts and the lowest （16%） was obtained in the Scotch Bonnet/bitter gumma heterografts. Vascular regeneration across the graft interface was seen in Scotch Bonnet autografts and heterografts with Black Beauty. Graft incompatibility observed in heterografts on Akash and bitter gumma rootstocks could be attributed to the presence of a necrotic layer at the graft interface. In conclusion, progressive scion growth and development and the regeneration of vascular bundles across the graft interface are effective in determining graft compatibility between Scotch Bonnet and selected solanceous species. This suggests that Scotch Bonnet can be cultivated under saline growing condition.
文摘This experiment was conducted to optimize the culture conditions to induce calli from chilli pepper （Capsicum annuum L.） local cultivar. The mature seeds were surface sterilized for one min with 70% Ethanol followed by 20 min with （0%, 2%, 4% or 6%） NaOCI and were germinated on MS medium with 2 mg/L GA3. Seedlings and mature fruits were used as explants source. The placenta, pericarp, hypocotyls, cotyledonal leaves, shoot tips and roots were cultured on MS media supplemented with Kinetin （0.0 mg/L, 0.5 mg/L, 1.0 mg/L, 2.0 mg/L） and IAA （0.0 mg/L, 1.0 mg/L, 2.0 mg/L） in different combinations or NAA or 2,4-D （0.0 mg/L, 1.0 mg/L, 2.0 mg/L, 4.0 mg/L）. Callus fresh weight was recorded after 4 weeks in culture. The results showed that the best sterilizing method was with 70% Ethanol followed by 20 mints with （4% or 6%） NaOCI, however 6% NaOCI reduced seed＇s viability. Callus was induced from all explants cultured on MS media supplemented with IAA and Kinetin except the placenta and the pericarp. The results showed that the hypocotyls surpass all other explants in the mean callus fresh weight which was 160.58 mg compared with 147.81 mg, 134.95 mg, and 122.33 mg for cotyledonal leaves, shoot tips and roots respectively. Moreover the analysis of the interaction between the growth regulators and the explants showed that 2 mg/L IAA and Kinetin had significant effect on callus mean fresh weight which was （309.74, 339.14, 358.48, and 284.64） mg for the shoot tips, cotyledonal leaves, hypocotyls and roots, respectively. On the other hand, 2 mg/L 2,4-D or NAA was the best concentration for callus induction from the placenta and the pericarp. The pericarp gave a mean fresh weight of 276.90 mg in the presence of 2,4-D compared with 253.60 mg for the placenta. Moreover the pericarps gave significantly higher fresh weight than the placenta with an average of 210.3mg and 184.9 mg respectively in the presence of 2 mg/L NAA. In conclusion the best sterilization method of chilli pepper seeds is by 70% ethanol for one minute followed by 20 min in 4% （NaOCI）. The best explants for callus induction only is the Hypocotyls grown on MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/L oflAA and Kinetin under the conditions of the current experiment.
文摘Two separate experiments were conducted in bell pepper （Capsicum annum L.） in order to evaluate the effects of temperature and radiation on fruit yield. The results of the temperature experiment were integrated into the radiation experiment to give an overall empirical model for potential pepper fruit yield grown in greenhouse. In the temperature experiment, pepper plants were planted during the summer time of Israel in the Arava region in a commercial, one hectare greenhouse, equipped with a cooling wet-mat system. Eleven plots were assigned along the 80 m down the row from the wet mat. Air seasonal temperatures were affected by the distance from the wet-mat and linearly increased at the rate of 0.036 ℃/m, while relative humidity was not affected. Fruit yield dropped from 19.4 kg/m at a distance of 20 m, to 13.1 kg/m2 at 80 m away from the wet-mat, respectively. Yield regression decreased linearly with increased temperature at -11%/℃. In the radiation experiment, during the summer time of Israel in the Western Negev region, three sweet pepper varieties were grown under six radiation treatments, which accumulated to the following relative global radiation fractions （lint/lout）： 0.72, 0.61, 0.46, 0.38, 0.32 and 0.21 from outside radiation. The three varieties did not differ in their response to radiation. The seasonal temperature normalized yield response to radiation quantity at 21 ℃ （Y21） yielded a linear regression formula with a slope of 7.6 × 10^-3 kg/m^2/MJ. The multiplicative model of temperature and radiation on fruit yield was found to predict well the potential fruit yield for various locations and seasons in Israel.
