整体概念和成分概念

整体概念和成分概念 如果A概念能够反映的一个对象是由B概念能够反映出的一个对象参与组成的,这种情况下的A概念就是相对于B概念而言的整体概念,B概念就是相对于A概念而言的成分概念。这里所说的A、B两个概念各自能够反映的一个对象,既指这两个概念各自可以反映的一个有关的对象或一个任意的对象,也指它们各自仅能反映的一个对象。例如:

汉语认知语义学研究中的概念结构观

本文系统回顾了新世纪以来汉语认知语义学中的概念结构研究,集中探讨了词义研究中的概念结构观和概念成分的注意力强度问题,揭示了其中蕴含的语言学思想,从中可以看到概念结构理论完全适用于汉语语言事实,可以对汉语的诸多语言现象作出合理的解释。

系统功能语法中的英语复项主位

Halliday认为 ,在英语的复项主位结构中 ,不同的纯理功能成分的顺序通常是“语篇 ∧ 人际 ∧ 概念”的典型序列 ,其中概念成分总是处于复项主位的最后。本文通过分析认为 ,主位的边界有扩大的需要 ,复项主位中不同的功能成分之间的序列特征呈现多样化特征 ,其中经验成分必不可少 ,但它并非总是处于复项主位的最后 ,各纯理功能成分的顺序也并非固定不变。当句子的复项主位成分是典型语序时 ,其结构通常是典型序列。然而 ,当句子的复项主位成分是非典型语序时 ,其结构并不遵循典型序列 ,概念成分并非一定处于复项主位的最后。

认知语法视角下的“来”字概数结构研究

本研究以认知语法的心理扫描为理论视角。探讨现代汉语“来”字概数结构的语法语义基础及“来”的概数义源流。研究发现，扫描方向决定“来”的表义范围；扫描终点限制数词和量词的使用及“来”的位置选择；扫描源点、扫描方向、扫描路径、扫描终点等概念成分，为动词“来”的位移义向概数义引申提供认知理据。本文拓宽认知语法的研究范围，也为分析汉语其它概数结构提供进路。

Concept and Research Progress of Functional Feed

The concept and research progress of functional feed were summarized. Compared with the basic nutrition, functional feed is a kind of new health care feed which contains functional ingredients, and can promote the growth of animal health, enhance immunity, improve the quality of animal products, improve the level of ani- mal welfare, reduce environmental pollution, improve the ecological environment, as well as increase the economic benefits. Studies on the functional feed are mainly concentrated in the development of functional feed products, and but few to under- stand the compositions and compatibility mechanism of the functional components that have the function effects. Moreover, these functional components are low in plants, so the wide application in feed industry requires research on biological engi- neering and chemical synthesis, which will become the trend of future research.

全览罗马平民反对贵族斗争——解析罗马共和国早期平民反对贵族斗争的根源、过程、特点

罗马结束王政时代后,进入了共和国时期。在罗马共和国阶段,执政官、元老院、人民大会构成了罗马共和国政治体制的主体,其中元老院贵族握有很大的权力,是罗马共和国政治体制的核心。从这一方面上看,罗马共和国是实行贵族共和制的国家,但另一方面与古代雅典国家类似,罗马共和国也有不少民主的因素,其中,平民通过反对贵族斗争争取到的政治、经济、分得国有土地以及召开平民会议等权利都是罗马共和国民主因素的具体体现。在罗马共和国初期,贵族在政治上对平民进行剥削、压迫,使得平民在政治上没有选举权和被选举权;在经济上,平民的债务奴役负担和土地债务负担沉重,无法分得罗马国有土地。于是,平民为了争得权益,通过各种形式掀起了反对贵族的斗争,并最终取得胜利。那么,我们就从对罗马平民和贵族两个阶层的来源及他们之间的斗争根源的分析、平民反对贵族斗争的具体过程和重大时间的叙述、平民反对贵族斗争的特点以及透过斗争给我们的启示四个方面,来剖析纵观罗马共和国早期平民反对贵族斗争的全貌。

Conceptual Framework for Economic Evaluation of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS): Case of Rice-Fish Co-Culture in China

The Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems （GIAHS） initiative was launched by the Food and Agriculture Organization （FAO） of the United Nations in 2002 with the aim of establishing the basis for the global recognition,dynamic conservation and adaptive management of outstanding traditional agricultural systems and their associated landscapes,biodiversity,knowledge systems and cultures.There is anecdotal evidence that designated GIAHS are economically better than non-GIAHS sites.However,there have not been done an economic analysis to prove this.Nor are any sophisticated economic performance criteria for GIAHS in place for a continuously monitoring of the functioning.Therefore,the main objective of this study is to conduct an economic valuation for a GIAHS system versus a similar non designated GIAHS system.For this,a Cost-Benefit Analysis （CBA） is chosen.The major constraint is the data availability.Therefore,a framework for economic analysis shall be developed with the intention to provide directions,assumptions,and data requirement to carry out an economic analysis and so give guidance on future inclusion of economic valuations of GIAHS.Theconceptual framework for economic assessment will use the Rice-Fish pilot site in China as a case study.The example calculations on the rice-fish co-culture （RFC） have to be taken cautiously due to data availability on different activities （tourism,marketed products on local and international markets） as well as comparison to similar systems.