炮制对槐角不同部位槐角苷含量的影响

目的:比较炮制对槐角不同部位槐角苷含量的影响。方法:采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定生制、蒸制、蜜制、炒制等不同炮制条件下,槐角果实、槐角果肉、槐角种子中高含量成分槐角苷的含量。HPLC条件:Agel Venusic C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 m),柱温30℃,流动相为甲醇-乙腈-0.07%磷酸溶液(12∶20∶68),流速1.0 ml/min,检测波长为260 nm。结果:生槐角、蒸槐角、蜜槐角、炒槐角、槐角炭的槐实中槐角苷含量分别为(82.44±1.88)mg/g,(57.47±5.51)mg/g,(75.27±2.15)mg/g,(76.20±2.76)mg/g,(52.90±3.52)mg/g;槐肉中槐角苷含量分别为(111.80±0.52)mg/g,(78.73±2.08)mg/g,(104.59±3.62)mg/g,(101.51±2.89)mg/g,(67.97±3.42)mg/g;槐种中槐角苷含量分别为(22.26±0.69)mg/g,(20.86±0.96)mg/g,(10.58±1.03)mg/g,(12.86±0.98)mg/g,(6.90±0.29)mg/g。1 g槐角生药炮制后不同部位槐角苷总量,在生槐角、蒸槐角、蜜槐角、炒槐角、槐角炭的槐实中槐角苷总量分别为(82.44±1.88)mg,(52.80±5.06)mg,(70.85±2.02)mg,(71.30±2.58)mg,(34.68±2.31)mg;槐肉中槐角苷总量分别为(73.16±0.34)mg,(45.55±1.20)mg,(66.30±2.30)mg,(62.22±1.77)mg,(28.64±1.44)mg;槐种中槐角苷总量分别为(7.60±0.23)mg,(6.52±0.30)mg,(3.10±0.30)mg,(3.82±0.29)mg,(1.55±0.06)mg。结论:相同的槐角炮制品不同部位槐角苷含量为槐肉>槐实>槐种。与生槐角相比,槐角炮制后不同部位槐角苷的含量及槐角苷总量均呈现不同程度的下降趋势。

Seed Bank of Amorpha fruticosa L. on Some Ruderal Sites in Serbia

Amorpha fruticosa L. （Fabaceae）, known as indigo bush, false indigo bush, false indigo and desert false indigo, is deciduous shrub （1-6 m tall）. The woody weed species A. fruticosa has a high environmental adaptability and is present in different environmental conditions. In Vojvodina region （Northern Serbia）, it is mostly present near irrigation channels and river banks, especially in alluvial or marshy areas. Since A. fruticosa is continually spreading near river banks, the aim of research was to determine seed bank composition near the Danube River. in 2014, soil sampling was performed at localities with high population of A. fruticosa （3-4 plants at age over two years and 10-14 plants at age 1-2 years）. Soil samples were taken from two localities （Futog and Sangaj） with alluvial sandy soil and chernozem near the Danube River. Each sample was sieved through a system of copper sieves of various diameters. After the separation of seeds from samples, they were identified. Significant presence of A. fruticosa seeds （1,914 seeds/m2） was established in a layer of 0-10 cm. In the same soil layer, the significant presence of seeds of Stellaria media （L.） Vill. and Urtica dioica L. were also established. Seeds ofA. fruticosa were not found in soil layers 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm. The invasive weed species A. fruticosa produces a large number of seeds in two cycles. The majority of the seeds stay in the upper soil layer, being dispersed by water （hydrochory）.

Assessing Adaptability of Planted Trees Using Leaf Traits: A Case Study with Robinia pseudoacacia L. in the Loess Plateau, China

Leaf trait patterns and their variations with climate are interpreted as an adaptive adjustment to environment.This study assessed the adaptability of planted black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) based on the analysis of leaf traits and the comparison of its leaf traits with inter-specific ones existing in the same area.We measured some water and N use related leaf traits: leaf dry mass per unit area (LMA) and N,P and K concentrations based on both leaf area (Narea,Parea and Karea) and leaf mass (Nmass,Pmass and Kmass) of R.pseudoacacia at 31 sites along a water stress gradient in North Shaanxi Province,China.The results show that leaves of R.pseudoacacia have high Nmass and low LMA in the study area.High Nmass and low LMA are usually representative of luxurious resource use,and will advance plant resource competitiveness in high-resource conditions.As a whole,LMA-nutrient relationships of R.pseudoacacia display patterns that are fairly similar to the inter-specific relationships in both direction and intensity.The tendency for LMA and Narea to increase with decreasing water availability and the positive correlation between LMA and Narea reflect the trend for R.pseudoacacia to enhance water use efficiency (WUE) at the expense of down-regulated photosynthetic N use efficiency (PNUE) and high construction cost in dry conditions.However,the positive relationship between LMA and Narea in high mean annual precipitation (MAP) area is either unremarkable or reversed with decreasing water availability.This implies a lower photosynthetic capacity and a higher construction cost for high-LMA leaves.The inter-specific relationship between LMA and Narea is positive and does not change with water availability.This difference between inter-species and intra-species may be due to more diversified anatomies and more specialised structures for inter-species than intra-species.The failure of R.pseudoacacia adaption to dry conditions reflected by LMA-Narea relationship may be partially responsible for the emergence of rampike and dwarf forms found frequently in dry conditions.Incorporating intrinsic characteristics of planted trees into vegetation restoration project will be instructive and meaningful for species selection.

Effects of Robinia pseudoacacia on the undergrowth of herbaceous plants and soil properties in the Loess Plateau of China

Aims The introduction of Robinia pseudoacacia(RP)has some effects on undergrowth herbaceous plants(UH),soil properties and their relationships,which may be related to the vegetation zone.However,few studies have tested effects of RP on UH and soil over a large-scale area of the Loess Plateau.Methods The study area consisted of three vegetation zones(the steppe,forest-steppe and forest zone).Two canopy plant types were selected:RP stands and adjacent native vegetation.We measured five leaf functional traits:leaf carbon content(LC),leaf nitrogen content(LN),leaf phosphorus content(LP),specific leaf area(SLA)and leaf tissue density(LTD).The functional diversity,species diversity and community-weighted mean(CWM)traits were calculated.Important Findings(i)CWM.LN,CWM.LP and CWM.SLA increased significantly,whereas CWM.LC and CWM.LTD decreased significantly in the three vegetation zones,compared with the native communities.(ii)Species diversity,functional diversity and community biomass decreased in the steppe zone,increased in the forest zone,and did not differ significantly in the forest-steppe zone.(iii)We found only soil organic carbon(P<0.05)and soil total nitrogen(P<0.05)in the forest zone decreased significantly compared with the native plots.(iv)The relationship between UH and soil properties was affected by RP and the vegetation zone.Overall,the effect of RP on UH and soil properties was associated with the vegetation zone.This result is of great significance to the planning of restoration and reconstruction of artificial forests in the Loess Plateau.

Analysis and Comparison on Anatomic Features and Properties of 4 Acacia Species

The anatomic features and fiber morphology for 4 acacia species were investigated by the method of comparative analysis, Physical and mechanical properties such as air-dry density, dimension stability, MOR, MOE and toughness were also measured and compared. Results indicate that A. crassicarpa is of the greatest average fiber length and A. mangium is of the greatest average vessel length, which are 1 179.6 um and 333.1 um, respectively. Fiber morphology of all 4 acacia species accords with the requirement on pulping and paper-making, so the 4 acacia timbers can be used for pulpwood, A, cincinata is of the greatest air-dry density 721 kg/m^3 and greatest basic density 617 kg/m^3, however, A. mangium is of the best dimensional stability because of its smallest coefficient of shrinkage. With the highest value of every index, A. cincinata is of the best mechanical properties.