基于“元素含量—面积”模型方法的地球化学场的多重分形模式分析

从多重分形理论出发,在赤峰地区的2个区域应用“元素含量—面积(C-A)”模型方法。对“元素含量—面积”双对数图的形态进行分析,将地球化学异常多重分形特征模式分为3种类型:模式Ⅰ为可拟合为2条直线段的简单多重分形模式,具有该模式的元素在研究区内没有成矿富集的趋势,不存在实质性的致矿异常;模式Ⅱ为可以拟合为3条直线段的高富集多重分形模式,它在模式Ⅰ的基础上叠加有高含量的异常场,具有该模式的元素在研究区内存在较强的局部富集,成矿的可能性很大;模式Ⅲ为可拟合成3条直线段的低富集多重分形模式,它在模式Ⅰ的基础上叠加的是较弱的异常场,具有该模式的元素在研究区内有较弱的矿化作用。在此基础上,分析了元素的成矿富集规律和空间分布特征,确定了区域异常和局部异常的异常下限,划分了地球化学背景、区域异常和局部异常。

地球化学场的连续多重分形模式

研究了粤北4292km2内1448个基岩样品的35项元素、安徽省江南江北各约22000km2和18100km2内5489个和4524个水系沉积物样品的14项元素、塔里木盆地5个含油气区的7419个土壤样品的酸解烃(C1～C5)、蚀变碳酸盐、紫外、荧光等油气地球化学指标值的面积校正累计频率(ACAF)特征。研究表明,地球化学指标值的ACAF均显示连续多重分形特征,而且具两种特定模式:简单连续多重分形(SCM)模式和具高浓集的连续多重分形(HACM)模式;主要成矿元素和主要油气化探指标均不同程度地显示为HACM模式,而其他指标多表现为SCM模式。不同的分形模式可望用于区域含矿含油性和区域环境评价,而开始出现高含量叠加的“临界”含量值可能作为区域成矿成油强度的一种度量。

嵌挤密实型沥青混合料级配分形评价

通过对SAC型沥青混合料级配进行分形回归计算分析,表明嵌挤密实型混合料级配是一度域与二度域分形的结合模式,结合现有分形级配评价模式提出了嵌挤密实型混合料级配的分形评价模式。在此基础上,应用已有5组嵌挤密实型混合料级配及其马歇尔试验和车辙试验数据对该评价模式进行验证。结果表明:嵌挤密实型混合料级配的分型评价模式能够定量反映级配内在分布规律;该分形评价模式的分维数成为嵌挤密实型混合料级配与沥青混合料性能之间的桥梁。

基于分形的金属材料海水腐蚀形貌图像分析诊断系统

将分形的概念应用于腐蚀形貌图像的特征提取,计算扫描得到的实海腐蚀试片图像的分形维数、广义维数、面积因子和空隙特征,并作为分析诊断系统的输入,用模糊模式识别理论建立了基于图像分形特征的腐蚀形貌图像诊断系统,可以由图像的分形特征值判断金属的表面腐蚀形貌。

胶东和鲁西金矿床空间分布分形差异及对金来源的启示

胶东和鲁西地体发育大量的中生代金矿床,其金元素的来源一直是学术界争论的焦点,可能的来源方式为:交代岩石圈地幔、前寒武纪变质基底和中生代二长花岗岩。为了进一步厘定金的来源,文章从金的富集阶段模式和金矿床是金元素超常富集地质体的思想出发,运用金矿床的空间分布数据和空间分析的分形地质统计方法,进行了研究。研究结果发现,胶东金矿床(N=823)具有一阶段的空间分形分布模式,其分形维数α=0.726,具有单一来源或单一成因的特征;结合前人研究和克拉通破坏和西太平洋俯冲的地质背景,推断胶东金元素极有可能是单一的交代岩石圈地幔来源;而胶东地体西侧鲁西地体中发育的金矿床(N=139)则具有二阶段的空间分形分布模式,其分形维数分别为α_(1)=1.630和α_(2)=0.850,具有2种金元素来源或2种成因类型的特征,可能分别对应着早前寒武纪变质岩及韧性剪切带有关金矿床和晚中生代岩浆活动有关金矿床空间分布的分形维数,后者的值与胶东地体的分形维数相近,结合前人研究,推测鲁西部分金矿床来源于交代岩石圈地幔的贡献,另一部分则可能来自于花岗质岩浆。

医院建筑的生长与再生

针对医院建筑的发展问题及发展所采取的灵活性措施进行分析和总结,借鉴生物的生长与再生概念解释分析医院体系及空间的拓展与改造问题。提倡从基本功能单元的分形生长来创造医院建筑复杂体系的有机、有序和明晰性。总结医院灵活设计的原则、方法,使医院建筑不断适应其动态发展过程,并获得更强的生命力。

Some problems of GPS RTK technique application to mining subsidence monitoring

Owing to the variability of mine surfaces, it is difficult to obtain the deformation monitoring data of the observation stations by traditional leveling technique. GPS RTK （Real-Time Kinematic） technique was employed to the subsidence observation in this paper, and its main sources of errors including rover pole deflection of the vertical, un-modeled systematic errors （gross error, multipath delay etc.） and the height transformation error, were analyzed systematically. Based on the fundamental theories of spherical fit- ting and Empirical Mode Decomposition （EMD）, the error reduction models were studied exhaustively. And two experiments were done in different environment to test the proposed models. The results show that the proposed methods can achieve a fourth-grade leveling accuracy, with （Root-Mean-Square） RMS in three orthogonal directions （N, E and H） of 4.1, 3.3 and 3.1 ram, respectively, by 3-5 rain continuous shaking of the observation GPS antenna, fully satisfying for mine surface subsidence deformation monitoring.

Formal Analysis of Trusted Platform Module Commands for Compromising User Key

The Trusted Platform Module （TPM） is a dedicated hardware chip designed to provide a higher level of security for computing platform. All TPM functionalities are implemented in TPM corntrends to achieve specific security goals. We attempt to analyze the security properties of these commands, especially the key management API. Our study utilizes applied pi calculus to forrmlize the commands and determine how their security properties affect TPM key rmnagement. The attacker is assumed to call TPM comrmnds without bounds and without knowing the TPM root key, expecting to obtain or replace the user key. The analysis goal in our study is to guarantee the corre- sponding property of API execution and the integrity of API data. We analyze the security properties of TPM commands with a process reduction method, identify the key-handle hijack attack on a TPM newly created key, and propose reasonable solutions to solve the problem. Then, we conduct an experiment involving a key-handle attack, which suc- cessfully replaces a user key with an attacker＇s key using lmlicious TPM software. This paper discloses the weakness of the relationship between the key handle and the key object. After the TPM software stack is compromised, the attacker can hunch a keyhandle attack to obtain the user key and even break into the whole storage tree of user keys.

Dynamics of Spiral Wave Tip in Excitable Media with Gradient Parameter

Using a Barkley model as an example, we study spirM waves and spiral tips in a gradient excitable medium. The gradient distribution of parameters is introduced to depict the inhomogeneous medium. It is found that the parameter fluctuations play an important role in the morphology of spiral pattern and the movements of spiral tips. For varied gradient parameters, it is observed that there exist three kinds of spiral behaviors, stable rotation, rebound of spiral tip from the boundary, and spiral breakup.

POLYNOMIAL MODEL BASED FAST FRACTIONAL PIXEL SEARCH ALGORITHM FOR H.264/AVC

This paper proposed a novel fast fractional pixel search algorithm based on polynomial model. With the analysis of distribution characteristics of motion compensation error surface inside tractional pixel searching window, the matching error is fitted with parabola along horizontal and vertical direction respectively. The proposcd searching strategy needs to check only 6 points rather than 16 or 24 points, which are used in the l lierarchical Fractional Pel Search algorithm （HFPS） for 1/4-pel and 1/8-pel Motion Estimation （ME）. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm shows very good capability in keeping the rate distortion performance while reduces computation load to a large extent compared with HFPS algorithm.

Rules of distribution in a plastic zone of rocks surrounding a roadway affected by tectonic stress

In order to study the rules of distribution in a plastic zone of rocks, surrounding a roadway, affected by tectonic stress, we first analyzed the mechanics of a roadway affected by tectonic stress and derived a theoretical formula for the plastic zone of rocks surrounding a roadway. We also analyzed the distribution characteristics of the plastic zone under different levels of tectonic stress, vertical pressure, cohesion and friction angle of the surrounding rock. Secondly, we used numerical simulation to analyze the range and shape features of the plastic zone of rocks surrounding the roadway, given different tectonic stress levels. Finally we used a rock drilling detector to carry out field measurements on the broken state of rock surrounding the roadway at the –700 substation and channels in the Xinzhuang mine of the Shenhuo mining area. Given the measured ground stress, we analyzed the relationship between tectonic stress and the distribution of this plastic zone. Our results show that the range of the plastic zone at the top and bottom of the roadway increases with an increase in tectonic stress and this increase is especially obvious at the roadway corner.

Environmental regulation and trade pattern:a case of China

As a growing number of countries, including both developed and developing countries, have in recent yearstaken environmental regulation at different levels, a question of great concern has been raised: can the regulation alterthe existing trade volume and trade pattern, and ultimately drive pollution-intensive industries to countries with low-levelregulations or even those without regulations at all? Starting from the three different propositions concerning therelationship between environmental regulation and trade pattern, this paper applies cointegration analysis and errorcorrection model to empirically testing the relationship between environmental regulation and trade in China during theperiod of 1985-2005. Our empirical results indicate that in the short run the collection of pollution discharge fees bearsa positive impact on the export share of clean products of total exports. Thus, higher pollution discharge fees raise theratio of clean products exports to total exports. This further indicates that more stringent environmental regulationpromotes the exports of clean products. In the long run pollution discharge fees are positively correlated with the exportshare of clean products but negatively associated with their import share. Such correlations imply that environmentalregulation tends to facilitate the international specialization in line with comparative advantages.

Jacquard image segmentation using Mumford-Shah model

Jacquard image segmentation is one of the primary steps in image analysis for jacquard pattern identification. The main aim is to recognize homogeneous regions within a jacquard image as distinct, which belongs to different patterns. Active contour models have become popular for finding the contours of a pattern with a complex shape. However, the performance of active contour models is often inadequate under noisy environment. In this paper, a robust algorithm based on the Mumford-Shah model is proposed for the segmentation of noisy jacquard images. First, the Mumford-Shah model is discretized on piecewise linear finite element spaces to yield greater stability. Then, an iterative relaxation algorithm for numerically solving the discrete version of the model is presented. In this algorithm, an adaptive triangular mesh is refined to generate Delaunay type triangular mesh defined on structured triangulations, and then a quasi-Newton numerical method is applied to find the absolute minimum of the discrete model. Experimental results on noisy jacquard images demonstrated the efficacy of the proposed algorithm.

The Rational Man Model in Social and Political Studies： A Plea for Relevance

This paper examines the assumptions of the Rational Man （RM） model familiar in social and political studies. It is observed that the model is too restrictive in its explaining events and behavior in social and political situations. It is suggested that the assumptions of RM model should be relaxed using the familiar methods and techniques of elementary formal logic. The concept of relevance is then introduced to take account of a ＂weaker＂ formal requirement in an attempt to explain events and processes in human action and/or behavior. The concept of ＂justification by reasons＂ is then introduced as a necessary though not sufficient requirement of explaining events and processes in social and political studies

Rank-size Distributions of Chinese Cities: Macro and Micro Patterns

A large number of studies have been conducted to find a better fit for city rank-size distributions in different countries. Many theoretical curves have been proposed, but no consensus has been reached. This study argues for the importance of examining city rank-size distribution across different city size scales. In addition to focusing on macro patterns, this study examines the micro patterns of city rank-size distributions in China. A moving window method is developed to detect rank-size distributions of cities in different sizes incrementally. The results show that micro patterns of the actual city rank-size distributions in China are much more complex than those suggested by the three theoretical distributions examined(Pareto, quadratic, and q-exponential distributions). City size distributions present persistent discontinuities. Large cities are more evenly distributed than small cities and than that predicted by Zipf′s law. In addition, the trend is becoming more pronounced over time. Medium-sized cities became evenly distributed first and then unevenly distributed thereafter. The rank-size distributions of small cities are relatively consistent. While the three theoretical distributions examined in this study all have the ability to detect the overall dynamics of city rank-size distributions, the actual macro distribution may be composed of a combination of the three theoretical distributions.

注定的毁灭——马雅文明陷落原因新假说

为什么一千年前的马雅文明会突然陷落，遗址中遗留下的分形模式揭示了这一厄运的原由。

命中注定的毁灭?

两位美国科学家认为 ,1000千多年前玛雅文明的突然消失 ,似乎与分形有着某种联系———

Relationship between ethnic landscape and environment in the Nujiang River basin of Yunnan Province, China

Each nationality has formed unique ethnic culture in the long history. Ethnic culture is spatially reflected byethnic distribution. The distribution of nationalities is influenced by ethnic history, culture, society and religion, alsoaffected by regional physical setting. This paper analyzes the relationship between ethnic distribution pattern and naturalsetting with contrast analytical method. The digital elevation model (DEM) is established on basis of contour map on ascale of 1:250,000 in the Nujiang River basin, Yunnan Province by ArcGIS, a Geographic Information System (GIS)software. Based on DEM, the spatial analysis and statistical function of GIS, the landscape patterns of populationdistribution of the selected minorities is described, and 4 sub-regions are divided in the Nujiang River basin of YunnanProvince while the features and disparity of landscape pattern and its forming mechanism are discussed, along withhistorical and archaeological data. The conclusions are as follow: (1) The ethnic distribution is mosaic in the matrix ofother racial distribution, and have a distinct spatial correlation. (2) For the difference in cultivation between differentnationalities, certain nationality lived in the area suitable for production mode of its own and coincident with appropriategeographical setting. (3) The spatial distribution of settlement spots of the minorities is controlled by the convenience ofwater supply. The landscape pattern of ethnic distribution is closely relative to natural environment.

Motion modeling and formation form analysis of spacecraft near collinear libration points

To meet the increasing research demand for deep space exploration,especially for the second libration point (L2) conditional periodic orbit (Halo orbit) in the Sun-Earth system,the methods to get analytical Halo orbit and differential-correction Halo orbit were described firstly,and the corresponding orbits accuracy was analyzed.Then,based on the results of third-order and differential-correction Halo orbits,the formation form was studied.Analysis was carried out to discuss the influence of system amplitude,initial phase,and phase difference on the formation form,as well as that of initial orbit values on form accuracy.Finally,some simulation results demonstrate the validity of the proposed methods.

New Activity of the Tanlu Fault Zone in the South of Huaihe to the Nvshanhu Segment since the Late Quaternary

Taking the Huaihe to the Nvshanhu segment of the Tanlu( Tancheng-Lujiang) fault zone as the main research target to explore whether there has been new activity since the late Quaternary,and based on the interpretation of remote sensing images and repeated surface investigations,we excavated trenches at the sections where the tectonic landform is significant,identified and recorded the deformation patterns of the fault and analyzed the activity behavior. Samples of new activity and deformation were collected and oriented slices were ground based on the samples ' original state to make the micro structural analysis and demonstration. All of the above research shows very clear linear tectonic geomorphology along the fault,three trenches across the fault zone all revealed new deformation traces since late Quaternary. The latest stratum dislocated by the fault is the late Quaternary and Holocene. The main slip mode is stick slip,as represented typically by fault scarps,wedge accumulation,the faults and the filled cracks and so on. In general,it shows the characteristics of brittle high-speed deformation and belongs to the prehistoric earthquake ruins. The above understanding was confirmed partially by microscopic analysis. In addition,the similarities and differences and the possible reasons for the characteristics of the latest activities of the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone in the north and south of the Huaihe River regions are also discussed in this paper.