利用3ds Max Script脚本语言实现粒子系统模拟物体的外型与运动

通过3ds Max自身提供的功能，我们可以制作出很多出色的三维动画，除了一般的交互式操作和拥有庞大的插件外，max还提供了编程开发工具，MAX Script(MAX脚本语言）就是其中之一，它是建立在3ds max脚本语言及其相关产品，如Autodesk VIZ、Character Studio、Plasma和gmax上的。用MAX Script进行动画设计是动画创作的较高层次，由MAX Script生成的动画往往有出神入化、令人惊叹的效果。本教程的主体部分将在光盘中有详细讲解。

“模拟生物体维持pH的稳定”实验改进及教学设计

文章以“模拟生物体维持pH的稳定”为例,对该模拟实验的组织实施、实验仪器及操作、数据记录与分析方法进行了改进优化,开拓中学生物实验的思路,以期更高效地完成实验教学,使核心素养在课堂教学中落实落地。

二维坐标系相对性原理在运动物体模拟中的应用

针对运动物体二维模拟中多重嵌套运动建模的复杂性,讨论了如何应用二维坐标系相对性原理来分解复杂的非线性运动为多个简单的线性和非线性运动的迭加,并且利用面向对象方法学中的类、对象及其相互关系来反映这种"非线性"和"线性"之间的关系,使运动物体的二维模拟变得更加简单明了。

基于虚拟现实的三维小区域物体模拟方法研究

美国《时代》杂志指出虚拟现实技术是继Internet技术后最有发展潜力的技术,在未来的工业、农业以及其它各个领域上都将有广泛的应用。本文基于虚拟现实技术研究了三维小区域物体模拟方法,建立了三维立体空间模型,阐述了建模过程,讲解了模拟三维物体的算法。通过实验验证了本文提出的三维小区域物体模拟方法的可行性,实验证明,这种方法模拟效率高,模拟结果好,是未来必然的发展趋势。

显微组织及模拟生物体环境对生物体用Ti-5Al-2.5Fe合金疲劳裂纹扩展特性的影响

以整形外科为中心的金属系生物体用材料有不锈钢(Sus316L)以及Co-Cr-Mo合金，最近耐蚀性和生物体相容性好的钛及钛合金使用量增加。由于Ti-6Al-4V中含有对人体有毒的V元素，为此开发了用铁或铌置换B稳定化元素V的Ti-5Al-2．5Fe和Ti-15Al-7Nb合金，合金分别在ISO和ASTM及ISO标准中登录，期待扩大在生物体上使用。但是对两合金的各种特性研究不够，作为生物体用的重要特性之一的疲劳性能也不例外。

基于虚拟现实技术的油田生产仿真系统的设计与实现

介绍了虚拟现实技术应用于油田安全操作培训中的优越性,设计并开发了基于桌面系统的油田安全操作仿真系统。介绍了系统的软硬件环境,以抽油机安全操作仿真子系统为例,着重阐述了利用MultiGen Creator建模来形成三维场景,采用实例技术,细节层次技术和纹理映射技术优化场景的生成与显示,最后详细讨论了使用、Visual C++6．0和OpenGVS实现三维引擎的设计。

Real-time haptic model for soft tissue deformation in surgery simulation

The modelling and simulation of deformable objects is a challenging topic in the field of haptic rendering between human and virtual environment.In this paper,a novel and efficient layered rhombus-chain-connected haptic deformation model based on physics is proposed for an excellent haptic rendering.During the modelling,the accumulation of relative displacements in every chain structure unit in each layer is equal to the deformation on the virtual object surface,and the resultant force of corresponding springs is equivalent to the external force.The layered rhombus-chain-connected model is convenient and fast to calculate,and can satisfy real-time requirement due to its simple nature.Simulation experiments in virtual human liver based on the proposed model are conducted,and the results demonstrate that our model provides stable and realistic haptic feeling in real time.Meanwhile,the display result is vivid.

In vitro simulation studies of silica deposition induced by lignin from rice

To reveal the possible mechanism of silica deposition in higher plants, lignin was isolated from rice straw following a modified method to conduct a simulation experiment in vitro. UV and infrared absorption spectra showed that the substance had the unique characteristics of pure lignin. The presence of silicon in the precipitation was revealed by TEM (transmission electron microscopy) with EDXA (energy dispersive X-ray analysis) device. It was found that in the borax solution where lignin precipi-tation occurred silica-lignin co-precipitation was produced but not in the DMSO solution where lignin was broken into its com-position compounds and did not precipitate. This means that it is macromolecular lignin itself but not its compounds that could induce silica deposition in higher plants.

Numerical simulations of water flow and contaminants transport near mining wastes disposed in a fractured rock mass

A numerical tool, called Hydro-Geosphere, was used to simulate unsaturated water flow and contaminants migration around an open pit filled with mining wastes. Numerical simulations had been carried out to assess the influence of various factors on water flow and solute transport in and around the surface openings including recharge, properties of the waste material and presence of fractures in the surrounding rock mass. The effect of the regional hydraulic gradient was also investigated. The analyses were conducted by simulating various 2D cases using experimentally obtained material properties and controlled boundary conditions. The effects of the hydrogeological properties of the filling material(i.e., water retention curve and hydraulic conductivity function), fracture network characteristics and conductivity of the joints were assessed. The results illustrate that fractures control water flow and contaminants transport around the waste disposal area. A fracture network can desaturate the system and improve the regional gradient effect.

Molecular Simulation of CO2/H2 Mixture Separation in Metal-organic Frameworks： Effect of Catenation and Electrostatic Interactions

In this work grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations were performed to study gas separation in three pairs of isoreticular metal-organic frameworks (IRMOFs) with and without catenation at room temperature.Mixture composed of CO2 and H2 was selected as the model system to separate.The results show that CO2 selectivity in catenated MOFs with multi-porous frameworks is much higher than their non-catenated counterparts.The simulations also show that the electrostatic interactions are very important for the selectivity,and the contributions of different electrostatic interactions are different,depending on pore size,pressure and mixture composition.In fact,changing the electrostatic interactions can even qualitatively change the adsorption behavior.A general conclusion is that the electrostatic interactions between adsorbate molecules and the framework atoms play a dominant role at low pressures,and these interactions in catenated MOFs have much more pronounced effects than those in their non-catenated counterparts,while the electrostatic interactions between adsorbate molecules become evident with increasing pressure,and eventually dominant.

A coupled DEM and LBM model for simulation of outbursts of coal and gas

An outburst of coal and gas is a major hazard in underground coal mining. It is generally accepted that an outburst occurs when certain conditions of stress, coal gassiness and physical-mechanical properties of coal are met. Outbursting is recognized as a two-step process, i.e., initiation and development. In this paper, we present a fully-coupled solid and fluid code to model the entire process of an outburst. The deformation, failure and fracture of solid （coal） are modeled with the discrete element method, and the flow of fluid （gas and water） such as free flow and Darcy flow are modeled with the lattice Boltzmann method. These two methods are coupled in a two-way process, i.e., the solid part provides a moving boundary condition and transfers momentum to the fluid, while the fluid exerts a dragging force upon the solid. Gas desorption from coal occurs at the solid-fluid boundary, and gas diffusion is implemented in the solid code where particles are assumed to be porous. A simple 2D example to simulate the process of an outburst with the model is also presented in this paper to demonstrate the capability of the coupled model.

Numerical Simulation of Pollutant Transport and Accumulation Areas in the Hangzhou Bay

Based on the COHERENS model (a coupled hydrodynamic ecological model for regional and shelf seas), a numerical hydrodynamic model of the Hangzhou Bay, influenced by tide, regional winds and freshwater from the Yangtze River and the Qiantangjiang River was established. The Lagrangian particle tracking was simulated to provide tracer trajectories. For convenience, the modeling area was divided into 8 subdomains and the modeling focused on March (dry season) and July (wet season). Numerical simulation and analysis indicate that the tracer trajectories originated in different subdomains are quite different. Most particles released in the mouth of the bay move outside the bay quickly and reach the farthest place at 122.5°E; while particles released in the inner part of the bay mostly remain in the same subdomain, with only minor migrations in two opposite directions along the shore. The tracer experiments also indicate that the northwest region of the bay is an area where pollutant can easily accumulate in both wet and dry seasons, and that the southeast region of the bay is another area for pollutant to accumulate in dry season because it is the main path for the contaminant.

Schematic interface of sound creation for computer animators

As an audiovisual medium, computer animations require superior image quality and professional soundtrack to lead audiences into their fascinating virtual world. Without sound, the impact of storytelling is reduced or the story is even not under- standable. Despite the importance of sound, most animators are unfamiliar with sound editing software. Limited budget projects such as independent or student works have difficulty hiring sound professionals to create tailor-made soundtrack. Therefore, we need a suitable sound tool to express their individual ideas. In this paper, we propose an approach using schematic for both computer animation and sound. Our approach provides (1) physical simulation on sound through animation parameters and (2) a new channel for animators to add aesthetic values in sound through their experience of using schematics in existing animation software. We demonstrate our idea through several examples, such as Doppler shift, obstacle effect, importance, energetic, and sputtering effect.

Experimental and simulation study of nylon 6 solid–liquid extraction process

The solid–liquid extraction process of nylon 6 to eliminate small molecules, i.e., caprolactam(CL), cyclic dimers(CD) and cyclic trimers(CT), is investigated in detail by both batch extraction experiments and numerical simulations. In the batch extraction experiments, due to the small molecules attaching to the polymeric surface, the basic physical mechanism shifts from surface diffusion to internal diffusion as the extraction proceeded. The experimental data are well reproduced by a diffusion model consisting of two distinct steps, characterized as surface diffusion and internal diffusion. Furthermore, based on the established mass transfer mechanism and diffusion model of the two distinct steps, the equilibrium constants and internal diffusion coefficients of CL, CD and CT are acquired. An industrial countercurrent extraction tower is further simulated. It is found that the extraction efficiency of CL can be significantly improved by increasing the temperature at the bottom portion of the tower. The elimination of CD, which can be greatly promoted by a high-concentration CL-water solution, is controlled by mass transfer resistance, whereas the removal of CL is mainly affected by the equilibrium.

Simulation experiment on anti-penetration capability of anchored rock mass

In order to solve the problem of experimental research on the penetration process of projectile into anchored rock mass, we derived the essential similarity conditions for the physical simulation experi- ment according to the similarity theory, carried out the experiment on the penetration process of a kind of penetrating bomb into the anchored rock mass of type III, and compared the experimental results with the values computed by the professional Young's empirical formula. The test results show that the phys- ical simulation experiment can represent the actual penetration process of projectile into anchored rock mass. The research method proposed in this paper provides technical support for the experimental research on the design and reconstruction of underground protection works.

Synthesis of 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methyl-6-methoxy-7-hydroxycoumarin and its analogues as angiogenesis inhibitors

3-（4-Hydroxyphenyl）-4-methyl-6-methoxy-7-hydroxycoumarin （2a） and its analogues with different substituents at the p-position of 3-phenyl group were designed and synthesized as the non-steroidal analogues of 2-methoxyestradiol （2-ME 1）. The desired compounds were synthesized via a novel and simple route and the effects of specific substituents on their antiangiogenesis activities were investigated with Human umbilical vein endothelial cells （HUVECs） proliferation assays. Preliminary biological screening showed that compounds 2a and 2d （IC50 = 61.0 and 76.7 ktM, respectively） have potential anti-angiogenesis activities. The bulk of the group at the p-position of 3-phenyl group likely play an important role in their activities.

Effects of different product phases in aluminum dust detonation modeling

Modeling aluminum(Al)dust detonation is difficult due to uncertainties in the product species and fractions.Recent experiments indicate both gaseous and solid alumina may appear in the detonation product,but only the gaseous one was considered before.To resolve this drawback,we study the effects of different product phases on the detonation parameters with the hybrid combustion model proposed recently.Numerical results demonstrate that the assumption of gaseous product induces high velocity and pressure,while the assumption of solid product induces low velocity and pressure.To clarify how close-to-experiment results have been obtained with one phase assumption,we revisit previous studies and analyze the models.The inconsistency between the product phase and heat release is found,and then one model with variable heat release dependent on the product phase is proposed.Then simulations with both the gaseous and solid products are carried out,and results reveal the necessity of establishing a relationship between the heat release and reaction products.

计算机实用技术的油田生产仿真系统的设计

介绍了虚拟现实技术应用于油田安全操作培训中的优越性,设计并开发了基于桌面系统的油田安全操作仿真系统。介绍了系统的软硬件环境,以抽油机安全操作仿真子系统为例,着重阐述了利用MultGen Creator建模来形成三维场景,采用实例技术,细节层次技术和纹理映射技术优化场景的生成与显示,最后详细讨论了使用Visual C++6.0和OpenGVS实现三维引擎的设计。

Multi-Physics CFD Simulations in Engineering

Nowadays Computational Fluid Dynamics （CFD） software is adopted as a design and analysis tool in a great number of engineering fields. We can say that single-physics CFD has been suffciently matured in the practical point of view. The main target of existing CFD software is single-phase flows such as water and air. However, many multi-physics problems exist in engineering. Most of them consist of flow and other physics, and the interactions between different physics are very important. Obviously, multi-physics phenomena are critical in devel- oping machines and processes. A multi-physics phenomenon seems to be very complex, and it is so difficult to be predicted by adding other physics to flow phenomenon. Therefore, multi-physics CFD techniques are still under research and development. This would be caused from the facts that processing speed of current computers is not fast enough for conducting a multi-physics simulation, and furthermore physical models except for flow physics have not been suitably established. Therefore, in near future, we have to develop various physical models and ef- ficient CFD techniques, in order to success multi-physics simulations in engineering. In the present paper, I will describe the present states of multi-physics CFD simulations, and then show some numerical results such as ice accretion and electro-chemical machining process of a three-dimensional compressor blade which were obtained in my laboratory. Multi-physics CFD simulations would be a key technology in near future.