隔热可磨耗封严涂层界面断裂行为的数值模拟

为探究隔热可磨耗封严涂层的失效行为,研究了界面粗糙度、界面附近可磨耗面层结构对复合涂层开裂的影响规律。采用内聚力模型以及相场法描述裂纹沿界面整体剥落以及可磨耗面层内部断裂行为,揭示了涂层的剥落失效机理。研究发现,随着界面粗糙度的增加,涂层结合强度和开裂趋势呈现相反的变化规律。一方面,无损伤复合涂层界面有效接触面积增大,结合强度提高;另一方面,随着粗糙度的增加,面层内部断裂更加容易。因此,需合理优化界面粗糙度。此外,界面附近面层孔隙会降低界面处的结合强度。据此,选择合适的界面粗糙度,并在可磨耗面层与隔热层之间引入抗开裂致密过渡层,以消除面层孔隙对复合涂层界面强度的弱化作用,设计出抗开裂涂层。

面板坝三维动力计算中面板与堆石界面模拟方法研究

用三维有限元法对某实际工程面板堆石坝进行了地震反应分析 ,提出用各向异性薄层单元模拟面板堆石坝的面板和堆石间界面接触 ,探讨了薄层单元的初始剪切模量及厚度对计算结果的影响 .计算结果表明 ,所提出的方法简便 ,且能满足工程需要 .

马铃薯生育期和干物质积累的动态模拟研究

根据三年的田间试验数据和有关气象资料,提出了马铃薯生育期和干物质积累的模拟模型,用高斯方程计算每天的温度条件对马铃薯生育期和干物质积累的生理效应,改进了前人的生育期模型和温度条件对干物质积累影响系数的计算方法。以每天的单位叶面积变化、群体上方的有效辐射和温度变化模拟群体的干物质积累。结果表明,本研究的模型有明确的机理性和较高的精度。用Visual Basic 6.0界面表达每日生态条件变化对群体光合生产和干物质积累的影响,模拟结果具有直观的机理性,从而克服了同类研究中的缺陷。

密度差随深度呈双曲线递降的界面重力模拟

为了确定沉积层的界面深度，本文研制出了密度差随深度呈双曲线递降的解释程序。运用双曲线密度差无限平板重力公式计算每个重力点上界面的近似深度，根据求出的深度值，用ｎ边形代替沉积基岩界面，采用Ｖｉｓｗｅｓｗａｒａ Ｒａｏ等１９９４年所提出的公式计算重力异常，再用Ｂｏｔｔ１９６０年提出的方法程序修定界面的深度。

基于沉积界面的储集层建模方法初探

根据河道沉积过程及沉积响应规律,将基于沉积界面的建模方法从浊积扇体建模推广到河流相储集层砂体建模研究中,以再现河道沉积过程,改善河道砂体内部结构的模拟效果。基于沉积界面的河流相储集层建模包括4个步骤:①利用带扰动的阻尼简谐振动模型生成河道流线,完成单一成因砂体串珠状连接;②识别河道(点坝)首尾界面,生成点坝模型;③确定河道(点坝)内部砂体叠置样板,采用双曲面、抛物面以及多项式等函数拟合界面;④通过侧积层关键参数三角函数随机抽样,完成点坝内部表征。河流相储集层的实例研究表明:基于沉积界面的建模技术较好地再现了河道砂体沉积过程,精细刻画了河道砂体内部结构单元。

预制综合管廊接头抗剪性能与等效模拟方法

预制管廊接头力学性能及设计方法研究尚属于起步阶段,理论尚不成熟,对接头受力性能的认识尚不清晰。为研究预制管廊接头的抗剪性能及影响因素,基于福建省平潭预制拼装综合管廊工程,以典型的双舱和三舱预制拼装综合管廊结构为例,采用PLAXIS 3D岩土有限元程序建立预制管廊接头精细化三维数值模型,深入分析管廊接头的抗剪性能及影响因素,并提出合理实用的管廊接头等效模拟方法。研究结果表明,不设置剪力键时接头的极限总剪力降低了11.1%,设置剪力键能够明显地改善接头的抗剪性能;接头剪切强度和剪切刚度均与预应力基本呈线性关系;采用等效界面模型可以比较合理地模拟剪力键接头的抗剪力学行为。

连续相场模型在微观结构演化过程模拟中的应用

简要介绍了连续相场方法,包括:连续界面近似;有保守场变量和非保守场变量组成的相场变量;微观结构演化的化学驱动力,如体自由能、界面能、弹性畸变能、外场能量等;连续相场模型中的动力学方程,其中保守场变量在时间和空间上的演化遵循Cahn-Hilliard的非线性扩散方程,非保守场变量遵循Allen-Cahn弛豫方程;动力学方程的常见数值解法。最后还简要介绍了几种常见的相场模型。

Phase field calculation of interface mobility in a ternary alloy

A novel approach based on the quantitative phase field model was proposed to calculate the interface mobility and applied to the α/β interface of a ternary Ti-6Al-4V alloy.Phase field simulations indicate that the higher interface mobility leads to the faster transformation rate,but only a unique value of interface mobility matches the diffusion equation under the diffusion-controlled condition.By comparing the transformation kinetics from phase field simulations with that from classical diffusion equation,the interface mobility at different temperatures can be obtained.The results show that the calculated interface mobility increases with increasing temperature and accords with Arrhenius equation very well.

Arrhenius relationship and two-step scheme in AF hyperdynamics simulation of diffusion of Mg/Zn interface

The accelerating factor （AF） method is a simple and appropriate way to investigate the atomic long-time deep diffusion at solid-solid interface. In the framework of AF hyperdynamics （HD） simulation, the relationship between the diffusion coefficient along the direction of z-axis which is normal to the Mg/Zn interface and temperature was investigated, and the AF＇s impact on the diffusion constant （D0） and activation energy （Q^＊） was studied. Then, two steps were taken to simulate the atomic diffusion process and the formation of new phases： one for acceleration and the other for equilibration. The results show that： the Arrhenius equation works well for the description of Dz with different accelerating factors; the AF has no effect on the diffusion constant Do in the case of no phase transition; and the relationship between Q＊ and Q conforms to Q^＊=Q/A. Then, the new Arrhenius equation for AFHD is successfully constructed as Dz=Doexp[-Q/（ART）]. Meanwhile, the authentic equilibrium conformations at any dynamic moment can only be reproduced by the equilibration simulation of the HD-simulated configurations. Key words： accelerating factor method; Arrhenius equation; two-steps scheme; Mg/Zn interface; hyperdynamic simulation

基于MATALAB的溴化锂吸收式制冷机仿真模型的建立及研究

溴化锂吸收式制冷机组区别于其它形式制冷机组具有明显的优势,是节约电力消耗,降低运行成本的最佳选择。通过对溴化锂机组中各部件换热过程中基本条件的假设,各部件性能参数的控制,经济温差的控制,机组运行过程中避免溴化锂结晶的浓度与温度的控制,建立了溴化锂吸收式机组中各个部件数学模型,并且以双效溴化锂吸收式机组为例给出了计算程序,建立起系统模型,同时给出热水型双效溴化锂吸收式机组的模拟界面,得出不同热源水温度下机组的cop值及制冷量,直观显示了机组不同热源条件下的性能区别,便于从中选出最佳运行方案,为溴化锂吸收式制冷系统的数学模拟和优化分析奠定了基础,也为今后机组改造创新的研究及机组与热电结合的分析也提供了理论依据。

Simulation and experimental verification of interfacial interactions in compound squeeze cast Al/Al-Cu macrocomposite bimetal

The objective of this work was to investigate the thermal and mechanical interactions between the two components of a compound squeeze cast macrocomposite bimetal. First, an Al/Al-4.5wt.%Cu macrocomposite bimetal was fabricated by compound squeeze casting process. Then, heat transfer, solidification and distribution of the generated stresses along the interface region of the bimetal were analyzed using Thermo-Calc, ProCAST and ANSYS softwares, and structure, copper distribution and microhardness changes across the interface of the bimetal were studied. The results showed no noticeable change in the structure of the Al-4.5wt.%Cu insert and no obvious micromixing and diffusion of copper across the interface. Simulation results were in good agreement with the experimental ones only when an equivalent oxide layer at the interface was defined and its effect on heat transfer was considered. This layer caused up to 50% decrease in local liquid fraction formed on the surface of the insert. Simulation of the generated stresses showed a uniformly distributed stress along the interface which was significantly lower than the compressive strength of the oxide layer, resulting in its good stability during the fabrication process. It was postulated that this continuous oxide layer not only acted as a thermal barrier but prevented the direct metal-metal contact along the interface as well.

Numerical investigation on interface enhancement mechanism of Ag-SnO_(2) contact materials with Cu additive

The electrical contact and mechanical performances of Ag-SnO_(2) contact materials are often improved by additives,especially Cu and its oxides.To reveal the improvement mechanism of metal additive,the effects of Cu nanoparticles on the interface strength and failure behavior of the Ag-SnO_(2) contact materials are investigated by numerical simulations and experiments.Three-dimensional representative volume element(RVE)models for the Ag-SnO_(2) materials without and with Cu nanoparticles are established,and the cohesive zone model is used to simulate the interface debonding process.The results show that the stress−strain relationships and failure modes predicted by the simulation agree well with the experimental ones.The adhesion strengths of the Ag/SnO_(2) and Ag/Cu interfaces are respectively predicted to be 100 and 450 MPa through the inverse method.It is found that the stress concentration around the SnO_(2) phase is the primary reason for the interface debonding,which leads to the failure of Ag-SnO_(2) contact material.The addition of Cu particles not only improves the interface strength,but also effectively suppresses the initiation and propagation of cracks.The results have an reference value for improving the processability of Ag based contact materials.

Rough interfaces and ultrasonic imaging logging behind casing

Ultrasonic leaky Lamb waves are sensitive to defects and debonding in multilayer media. In this study, we use the finite-difference method to simulate the response of flexural waves in the presence of defects owing to casing corrosion and rough fluctuations at the cement-formation interface. The ultrasonic obliquely incidence could effectively stimulate the flexural waves. The defects owing to casing corrosion change the amplitude of the early- arrival flexural wave, which gradually decrease with increasing defect thickness on the exterior walls and is the lowest when the defect length and wavelength were comparable. The scattering at the defects decreases the energy of flexural waves in the casing that leaks directly to fluids. For rough cement-formation interface, the early-arrival flexural waves do not change, whereas the late-arrival flexural waves have reduced amplitude owing to the scattering at rough interface.

A plasticity model for sand-structure interfaces

The predictive capacity of numerical analyses in geotechnical engineering depends strongly on the efficiency of constitutive models used for modeling of interfaces behavior.Interfaces are considered as thin layers of the soil adjacent to structures boundary whose major role is transferring loads from structures to soil masses.An interface model within the bounding surface plasticity framework and the critical state soil mechanics is presented.To this aim,general formulation of the interface model according to the bounding surface plasticity theory is described first.Similar to granular soils,it has been shown that the mechanical behavior of sand-structure interfaces is highly affected by the interface state that is the combined influences of density and applied normal stress.Therefore,several ingredients of the model are directly related to the interface state.As a result of this feature,the model is enabled to distinguish interfaces in dense state from those in loose state and to provide realistic predictions over wide ranges of density and normal stress values.In evaluation of the model,a reasonable correspondence between the model predictions and the experimental data of various research teams is found.

TLP bonding of dissimilar FSX-414/IN738 system with MBF80 interlayer: Prediction of solid/liquid interface location

Isothermal solidification process of a dissimilar transient liquid phase （TLP） bonding of FSX-414/MBF80/IN738 system was simulated by finite difference method. The TLP joint model was divided into two parts and a moving liquid /solid interface model was used for the parts. Diffusion equations were solved for each half of the joints simultaneously up to the end of isothermal solidification. The completion time of isothermal solidification, concentration profiles and position of the solid/liquid interface for each half were calculated. The intersection of the solid/liquid interfaces of two halves was considered the end of isothermal solidification. To obtain some required diffusion data, TLP bonding of FSX-414/MBF80/IN738 was performed at different temperature and time under vacuum atmosphere. The calculated results show good agreement with the experimental results.

Characterization of Rayleigh Convection in Interfacial Mass Transfer by Lattice Boltzmann Simulation and Experimental Verification

Concentration gradient induced Rayleigh convection can influence effectively interracial mass transfer processes, but the convection phenomena are known as mesoscopic and complex. In order to investigate this phenomenon, a two-equation Lattice Boltzmann Method （LBM） is proposed to simulate the velocity and the concentra-tion distributions of Rayleigh convection generated in the CO2 absorptlon into ethanol liquid.The simulated results on velocity distributions are experimentally verified by PIV （particle image velocimetry technique） measurements. In order to simplify the analysis, the convection in the simulation as well as in the experiment, the Rayleigh convection was manipulated into a single down flow pattern, The simulated results show that the concentration contours agree qualitatively with the schlieren images in the literature. The experimental and simulated results show that theRayleigh convection under investigation is dominated by the flow in the downward direction and impels exchange of the liquid between the interfacial vicinity and the liquid bulk promoting the renewal of interfacial liquid, and hence enhances mass transfer. The comparison between the simulated and experimental results demonstrated that the proposed LBM is a promising alternative for simulating mass transfer induced Rayleigh convection.

Effects of simulated submerged and rigid vegetation and grain roughness on hydraulic resistance to simulated overland flow

Better understanding of the role of vegetation and soil on hydraulic resistance of overland flow requires quantitative partition of their interaction. In this paper, a total of 144 hydraulic flume experiments were carried out to investigate the hydraulic characteristics of overland flow. Results show that hydraulic resistance is negatively correlated with Reynolds number on non-simulated vegetated slopes, while positively on vegetated slopes. The law of composite resistance agrees with the dominant resistance, depending on simulated vegetation stem,surface roughness, and discharge. Surface roughness has greater influence on overland flow resistance than vegetation stem when unit discharge is lower than the low-limited critical discharge, while vegetation has a more obvious influence when unit discharge is higher than the upper-limited critical discharge. Combined effects of simulated vegetation and surface roughness are unequal to the sum of the individual effects through t-test, implying the limitation of using linear superposition principle in calculating overland flow resistances under combined effect of roughness elements.

Which is More Efficient as Compatibilizer： Di-block or Multiblock Copolymer？

Monte Carlo simulations were used to investigate the compatibilizing behaviors of multi-block copolymers with different architectures in A/B/（block copolymer） ternary blends. The volume fraction of homopolymer A, employed as the dispersed phase, was 19%. The simulations illustrate how a di- or multi-block copolymer aggregates at the interfaces and influences the phase behaviour of such incompatible polymer blends. The di-block copolymer chains tend to ＂stand＂ on the interface whereas the multi-block chains lie on the interface. In comparison with the di-block copolymer, the block copolymers with 4, or 10 blocks can occupy more areas on the interface, and thus the multi-block copolymers have higher efficiency for the retardation of the phase separation.

Simulation of facet dendrite growth with strong interfacial energy anisotropy by phase field method

Numerical simulations based on a new regularized phase-field model were presented, to simulate the solidification of hexagonal close-packed materials with strong interfacial energy anisotropies. Results show that the crystal grows into facet dendrites,displaying six-fold symmetry. The size of initial crystals has an effect on the branching-off of the principal branch tip along the<100> direction, which is eliminated by setting the b/a(a and b are the semi-major and semi-minor sizes in the initial elliptical crystals, respectively) value to be less than or equal to 1. With an increase in the undercooling value, the equilibrium morphology of the crystal changes from a star-like shape to facet dendrites without side branches. The steady-state tip velocity increases exponentially when the dimensionless undercooling is below the critical value. With a further increase in the undercooling value, the equilibrium morphology of the crystal grows into a developed side-branch structure, and the steady-state tip velocity of the facet dendrites increases linearly. The facet dendrite growth has controlled diffusion and kinetics.

Application of orthogonal experimental design and Tikhonov regularization method for the identification of parameters in the casting solidification process

The inverse heat conduction method is one of methods to identify the casting simulation parameters. A new inverse method was presented according to the Tikhonov regularization theory. One appropriate regularized functional was established, and the functional was solved by the sensitivity coefficient and Newtonaphson iteration method. Moreover, the orthogonal experimental design was used to estimate the appropriate initial value and variation domain of each variable to decrease the number of iteration and improve the identification accuracy and efficiency. It illustrated a detailed case of AlSiTMg sand mold casting and the temperature measurement experiment was done. The physical properties of sand mold and the interracial heat transfer coefficient were identified at the meantime. The results indicated that the new regularization method was efficient in overcoming the ill-posedness of the inverse heat conduction problem and improving the stability and accuracy of the solutions.