针对上海市城区排水系统的水文水力学特性,以SWMM(Storm W aterManagementModel)为基础开发出适合上海市区产流及排水特点和防汛管理要求的城市雨洪模型。模拟结果表明,该模型的计算结果较为理想、可靠,可在实时和规划条件下动态模拟各...针对上海市城区排水系统的水文水力学特性,以SWMM(Storm W aterManagementModel)为基础开发出适合上海市区产流及排水特点和防汛管理要求的城市雨洪模型。模拟结果表明,该模型的计算结果较为理想、可靠,可在实时和规划条件下动态模拟各排水片和街区的地面积水全过程,并能满足市区防汛预报、水情分析、工程规划与管理等工作的要求。该模型对其他城市的类似工作具有较好的参考价值和指导意义。展开更多
In this study the authors apply the chemistry version of the Weather Research and Forecasting model （WRF-Chem） to examine the impacts of black carbon （BC）-induced changes in snow albedo on simulated temperature an...In this study the authors apply the chemistry version of the Weather Research and Forecasting model （WRF-Chem） to examine the impacts of black carbon （BC）-induced changes in snow albedo on simulated temperature and precipitation during the severe snowstorm that occurred in southern China during 0800 26 January to 0800 29 January 2008 （Note that all times are local time except when otherwise stated）. Black carbon aerosol was simulated online within the WRF-Chem. The model resuits showed that surface-albedo, averaged over 27-28 January, can be reduced by up to 10% by the deposition of BC. As a result, relative to a simulation that does not consider deposition of BC on snow/ice, the authors predicted surface air temperatures during 27-28 January can differ by -1.95 to 2.70 K, and the authors predicted accumulated precipitation over 27-28 January can differ by -2.91 to 3.10 mm over Areas A and B with large BC deposition. Different signs of changes are determined by the feedback of clouds and by the availability of water vapor in the atmosphere.展开更多
文摘针对上海市城区排水系统的水文水力学特性,以SWMM(Storm W aterManagementModel)为基础开发出适合上海市区产流及排水特点和防汛管理要求的城市雨洪模型。模拟结果表明,该模型的计算结果较为理想、可靠,可在实时和规划条件下动态模拟各排水片和街区的地面积水全过程,并能满足市区防汛预报、水情分析、工程规划与管理等工作的要求。该模型对其他城市的类似工作具有较好的参考价值和指导意义。
基金supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant KZCX2-YW-205)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.40825016,90711004,and 40775083)
文摘In this study the authors apply the chemistry version of the Weather Research and Forecasting model （WRF-Chem） to examine the impacts of black carbon （BC）-induced changes in snow albedo on simulated temperature and precipitation during the severe snowstorm that occurred in southern China during 0800 26 January to 0800 29 January 2008 （Note that all times are local time except when otherwise stated）. Black carbon aerosol was simulated online within the WRF-Chem. The model resuits showed that surface-albedo, averaged over 27-28 January, can be reduced by up to 10% by the deposition of BC. As a result, relative to a simulation that does not consider deposition of BC on snow/ice, the authors predicted surface air temperatures during 27-28 January can differ by -1.95 to 2.70 K, and the authors predicted accumulated precipitation over 27-28 January can differ by -2.91 to 3.10 mm over Areas A and B with large BC deposition. Different signs of changes are determined by the feedback of clouds and by the availability of water vapor in the atmosphere.
