译语文本的模拟类型

原型-模型翻译理论是青年学者赵联斌首次提出来的翻译理论。原型-模型翻译理论是以"模拟"为翻译的本质特征,以译语文本的读者需求为目的导向,将"适合"与"忠实"作为译者行为的模拟标准。如果译者能紧紧围绕译语文本读者的需求去进行翻译,那么无论是何种类型的译语文本都会有相当数量的读者群的。

位置服务大数据下广州市土地利用类型模拟探讨

以广州市为例,利用百度地图平台APP联盟用户的位置服务大数据,以150 m×150 m格网为精度单元,应用监督分类方法中的随机森林方法模拟识别土地利用类型.研究结果表明:随机森林方法能有效地将高密度地理行为大数据应用于土地利用类型推断模拟中,印证了其在土地利用类型模拟推断的潜在价值及居民活动强度周期性变化与土地利用类型之间的显著相关性;预测总准确率达72.40%,其中,村镇建设用地、工业用地、公园绿地、居住用地和商业金融用地的预测准确率分别为50.39%、82.65%、49.53%、82.66%和49.56%.

心理模拟与道德判断的关系

来自实证研究的证据表明,心理模拟对道德判断存在某种影响,但是研究者尚未定论影响是如何产生的。有研究者认为心理模拟影响认知加工,也有证据表明心理模拟极化了情绪。未来研究需要明确界定心理模拟的类型,测量不同模拟类型对道德判断的作用,进一步探索心理模拟对道德判断的积极效应。

新疆天山1990-2050年生态系统服务功能及安全格局

【研究目的】在全球气候变化和人类活动不断扩展的背景下,自然生态系统及其提供的服务功能面临着日益严重的威胁和衰退。为应对这一挑战,确定并保护对生态可持续性具有重大价值的关键地点变得至关重要。生态安全格局是指一种全面策略和方法,旨在保障区域生态可持续性。【研究方法】本研究基于In−VEST模型、PLUS模型和电路理论等,对西北干旱区天山地区生态系统服务与生态安全格局(ESP)的动态变化进行了评价。【研究结果】1990—2050年土地利用/覆盖变化(LUCC)空间分布上基本稳定。近30年来总转换面积为32.52×10^(3)km^(2),主要是荒地和草地之间的转化。与2020年相比,2050年自然增长(ND)、生态保护(EP)和城市发展(UD)情景下的土地总转换面积分别为21.43×10^(3)km^(2)、23.09×10^(3)km^(2)、22.87×10^(3)km^(2),其中林地面积净增加的最多,主要由草地转化而成。EP情景下林地、草地和水体面积增加。其他两种情景下建设用地和耕地面积大幅扩大。与ND和UD情景相比,EP情景的生态系统服务功能更大。1990—2050年天山地区ESP存在明显的空间差异,较大的生态源和较小的阻力廊道主要分布在天山地区生态系统服务功能较高的中部和北部。相反,破碎的生态源和较大的抗性廊道大多分布在被沙地、裸地或山地阻隔的西部地区。东南部为荒漠地区,没有生态源,缺乏生态廊道。近30年来,生态源区面积减少了1.84×10^(3)km^(2),呈现破碎化趋势,生态网络更加复杂。与2020年相比,2050年EP情景下的生态源面积和夹点面积分别增加10.53×10^(3)km^(2)和0.11×10^(3)km^(2),生态障碍带点面积减少0.38×10^(3)km^(2)。除EP场景外,其余两种情景的生态源面积也有所增加,但低于EP场景。【结论】生态保护情景在塑造LUCC的过程中起到了重要的作用,对维护生态安全和生态系统的完整性具有极大的意义。

Simulation study on non-linear effects of initial melt temperatures on microstructures during solidification process of liquid Mg_7Zn_3 alloy

The non-linear effects of different initial melt temperatures on the microstructure evolution during the solidification process of liquid Mg7Zn3 alloys were investigated by molecular dynamics simulation, The microstructure transformation mechanisms were analyzed by several methods. The system was found to be solidified into amorphous structures from different initial melt temperatures at the same cooling rate of 1×10^12 K/s, and the 1551 bond-type and the icosahedron basic cluster （12 0 12 0 ） played a key role in the microstructure transition. Different initial melt temperatures had significant effects on the final microstructures. These effects only can be clearly observed below the glass transition temperature Tg; and these effects are non-linearly related to the initial melt temperatures, and fluctuated in a certain range. However, the changes of the average atomic energy of the systems are still linearly related with the initial melt temperatures, namely, the higher the initial melt temperature is, the more stable the amorphous structure is and the stronger the glass forming ability will be.

高压冶金技术在高氮钢冶炼中的应用

随着经济的发展,我国高压冶金技术呈现出了裹挟之势,不仅整体技术得到了有效的升级,技术实际应用领域也逐渐扩展。文章首先对高氮钢冶炼项目的背景进行了分析,并阐释了高压冶金数理模拟类型,以试验为基础着重分析了高压冶金技术在高氮钢冶炼中的应用参数,旨在为技术人员提供有效的数据信息。

A Delivery Approach Modeling for Urban Freight Restocking

This paper proposes a modeling system developed in order to analyze the urban freight transport and logistics within urban and metropolitan areas. A review of models developed to simulate this segment of mobility is also reported. The review analysis highlights the limits of models for the ex-ante assessment of city logistics measures. For this reason this paper proposes a new modeling system approach for the assessment of city logistics measures. It is made of different steps approaching problems related to quantity OD （Origin-Destination） flows, restocking type OD flows, delivery OD flows, delivery OD flows for time slice and vehicle type, and vehicle OD flows. This modeling system has been specified and calibrated using some surveys carried out in the inner area of Rome where more than 500 truck drivers and more than 600 retailers have been interviewed.

Investigation of droplet breakup in liquid–liquid dispersions by CFD–PBM simulations：The influence of the surfactant type

The accurate prediction of the droplet size distribution(DSD)in liquid–liquid turbulent dispersions is of fundamental importance in many industrial applications and it requires suitable kernels in the population balance model.When a surfactant is included in liquid–liquid dispersions,the droplet breakup behavior will change as an effect of the reduction of the interfacial tension.Moreover,also the dynamic interfacial tension may be different with respect to the static,due to the fact that the surfactant may be easily desorbed from the droplet surface,generating additional disruptive stresses.In this work,the performance of five breakup kernels from the literature is assessed,to investigate their ability to predict the time evolution of the DSD and of the mean Sauter diameter,when different surfactants are employed.Simulations are performed with the Quadrature Method of Moments for the solution of the population balance model coupled with the two-fluid model implemented in the compressible Two Phase Euler Foam solver of the open-source computational fluid dynamics(CFD)code Open FOAM v.2.2.x.The time evolution of the mean Sauter diameter predicted by these kernels is validated against experimental data for six test cases referring to a stirred tank with different types of surfactants(Tween 20 and PVA 88%)at different concentrations operating under different stirrer rates.Our results show that for the dispersion containing Tween 20 additional stress is generated,the multifractal breakup kernel properly predicts the DSD evolution,whereas two other kernels predict too fast breakup of droplets covered by adsorbed PVA.Kernels derived originally for bubbles completely fail.

Sensitivity analysis of the De Nitrification and De Composition model for simulating regional carbon budget at the wetlandgrassland area on the Zoige Plateau,China

Although mathematical models(e.g., De Nitrification and De Composition(DNDC) provide a powerful tool to study regional carbon budget, it is still difficult to obtain accurate simulation results because there exists large uncertainties in modeling regional carbon budget. Through the investigation on the sensitivity of model output parameters to the input parameters, sensitivity analysis(SA) has been proved to be able to identify the key sources of uncertainties and be helpful to reduce the model uncertainties. However, some input parameters with discrete values(e.g., land use type and soil type) and the regional effect of the sensitive parameters were rarely examined in SA. In this paper, taking the Zoige Plateau as a case area, we combined the one-factor-ata-time(OAT) with Extended Fourier Amplitude Sensitivity Test(EFAST) to conduct a SA of DNDC for simulating the regional carbon budget, including Gross Primary Productivity(GPP), Net Primary Productivity(NPP), Net Ecosystem Productivity(NEP), autotrophic respiration(Ra), soil microbial heterotrophic respiration(Rh) and ecosystem respiration(Re). The result showed that the combination of OAT and EFAST could test the contribution of the input parameters with discrete values to the output parameters. In DNDC model, land use type and soil type had a significant impact on the regional carbon budget of the Zoige Plateau, and daily temperature was also confirmed to be one of the most important parameters for carbon budget. For the other input parameters, with the change of land use type or soil type at regional scale, the sensitive parameters of carbon budget would vary accordingly. The SA results would provide scientific evidence to optimize DNDC model and they suggested that we should pay attention to the spatial/temporal effect of SA and try to use the appropriate data in simulation of the regional carbon budget.

Relationship between trawl selectivity and fish body size in a simulated population

Trawl is a main fishing gear in Chinese fishery,capturing large fish and letting small ones at large.However,long-term use of trawl would result in changes of phenotypic traits of the fish stocks,such as smaller size-at-age and earlier age-at-maturation.In this study,we simulated a fish population with size characteristics of trawl fishing and the population produces one generation of offspring and lives for one year,used trawl to exploit the simulated fish population,and captured individuals by body size.We evaluated the impact of the changes on selectivity parameters,such as selective range and the length at 50% retention.Under fishing pressure,we specified the selectivity parameters,and determined that smaller selection rates and greater length at 50% retention were associated with an increased tendency towards miniaturization.

Effect of Simulated N Deposition on Soil Exchangeable Cations in Three Forest Types of Subtropical China

The effects of simulated nitrogen(N)deposition on soil exchangeable cations were studied in three forest types of subtropical China.Four N treatments with three replications were designed for the monsoon evergreen broadleaf forest (mature forest):control(0 kg N ha-1 year-1),low N(50 kg N ha-1 year-1),medium N(100 kg N ha-1 year-1)and high N(150 kg N ha-1 year-1),and only three treatments(i.e.,control,low N,medium N)were established for the pine and mixed forests.Nitrogen had been applied continuously for 26 months before the measurement.The mature forest responded more rapidly and intensively to N additions than the pine and mixed forests,and exhibited some significant negative symptoms,e.g.,soil acidification,Al mobilization and leaching of base cations from soil.The pine and mixed forests responded slowly to N additions and exhibited no significant response of soil cations.Response of soil exchangeable cations to N deposition varied in the forests of subtropical China,depending on soil N status and land-use history.

Numerical simulation investigations of energy-saving diffuser of main fan

Based on the boundary condition of field engineering, numerical simulations of28 conditions of existing diffusers of 3 structure types were investigated by ComputationalFluid Dynamics software package, and there were the problems of larger structure resistanceand lower diffusing efficiency of these diffusers by analysis of CFD results.Thestructure outlines of the energy-saving diffuser were constructed by the application ofstream function and potential function superimposing.On the basis of numerical simulationsof energy-saving diffusers of 5 area-enlarging ratios, structural resistances and diffusingefficiencies of 5 energy-saving diffusers were comparatively analyzed, and therange from 2.00 to 2.31 of the rational area-enlarging ratio of energy-saving diffusers wasderived.The optimization area-enlarging ratio of the energy-saving diffuser was presently2.28 through comparable analysis.From the above, the results show that the coefficient ofperformance of the energy-saving diffuser is better than 3 existing diffusers.

Simulation of Hail and Soil Type Effects on Crop Yield Losses in Kansas,USA

Computer simulation was used for predictive analysis of the effects of weather and soil type on crop yield in the U.S. crop insurance program. The Environmental Policy Integrated Climate （EPIC） model was modified to include hail weather events, which completed the modifications necessary to simulate the four most frequent causes of crop yield loss （hail, excessive wet, excessive cold, and excessive dry） associated with soil type in Kansas, USA. At the region level, per hectare yields were simulated for corn, wheat, soybean, and sorghum. We concluded that it was possible to predict crop yields through computer simulation with greater than 93% accuracy. The hail damage model test indicated EPIC could predict hail-soil-induced yield losses reasonably well （R^2 〉 0.6）. The investigation of soil type influence on dryland sorghum and wheat production indicated that Wymore silty clay loam soil and Kenorna silt loam produced the highest sorghum yields statistically; Kuma silt loam, Roxbury silt loam, Crete silty clay loam, and Woodson silt soils produced the second highest sorghum yields statistically; and Richfiled silt loam, Wells loam, and Canadian sandy loam produced the lowest sorghum yields. By contrast, wheat production showed less sensitivity to soil type variation. The less sensitive response of wheat yields to the soil type could be largely due to the unconsidered small-scale variability of soil features.

Efects of Cropland Cover Changes on Regional Climate over Western China Based on Simulations with RegCM3

The impacts of land cover changes on regional climate with RegCM3. Sensitivity experiments were conducted by in Shaan-Gan-Ning （SGN） in western China were simulated replacing crop grids with different new land cover types in the key area of SGN, where the returning cropland to tree/grass project has been carried out since 1999. The modified new land cover types include desert, forest, shrub and grass. They represent degraded, improved, and maintained vegetation cover with natural canopy in the key area. Results from three individual case studies show that the land cover change causes changes in temperature and terrestrial water variables especially within the key area, while changes in precipitation are found for a larger area. The strongest changes appear where the cropland is degraded to bare soil, leading to increasing temperature and decreases in rainfall, evaporation and soil water. Opposite changes occur when cropland changed into forests, especially with strong increases in soil water. When cropland changed to grass and shrub land, the climatic changes are closer to those with forest cover. This shows the importance of improving and maintaining the vegetation in SGN for the ecosystem and regional climate.

Clustering Algorithms to Analyze Molecular Dynamics Simulation Trajectories for Complex Chemical and Biological Systems

Molecular dynamics （MD） simulation has become a powerful tool to investigate the structure- function relationship of proteins and other biological macromolecules at atomic resolution and biologically relevant timescales. MD simulations often produce massive datasets con- taining millions of snapshots describing proteins in motion. Therefore, clustering algorithms have been in high demand to be developed and applied to classify these MD snapshots and gain biological insights. There mainly exist two categories of clustering algorithms that aim to group protein conformations into clusters based on the similarity of their shape （geometric clustering） and kinetics （kinetic clustering）. In this paper, we review a series of frequently used clustering algorithms applied in MD simulations, including divisive algorithms, ag- glomerative algorithms （single-linkage, complete-linkage, average-linkage, centroid-linkage and ward-linkage）, center-based algorithms （K-Means, K-Medoids, K-Centers, and APM）, density-based algorithms （neighbor-based, DBSCAN, density-peaks, and Robust-DB）, and spectral-based algorithms （PCCA and PCCA＋）. In particular, differences between geomet- ric and kinetic clustering metrics will be discussed along with the performances of diflhrent clustering algorithms. We note that there does not exist a one-size-fits-all algorithm in the classification of MD datasets. For a specific application, the right choice of clustering algo- rithm should be based on the purpose of clustering, and the intrinsic properties of the MD conformational ensembles. Therefore, a main focus of our review is to describe the merits and limitations of each clustering algorithm. We expect that this review would be helpful to guide researchers to choose appropriate clustering algorithms for their own MD datasets.

Research on Speech Visualization Technology and Its Application in English Listening Teaching

In order to improve the automatic retrieval ability of English vocabulary, for the distribution of semantic attributes in English vocabulary, an automatic classification method of English vocabulary is proposed based on association rules, English vocabulary data storage model is constructed, a two element linguistic feature function is constructed for describing the directionality of English lexical retrieval scheduling, English vocabulary classification decision making model is constructed based on contextual relations of English vocabulary, the features of the association rules of English vocabulary are extracted, the adaptive learning method is used to realize the automatic classification of English vocabulary. The simulation results show that the method of English vocabulary classification has good performance, the classification error rate is low, the retrieval precision is high, and the computational overhead is small.

Numerical simulation of the effect of lower positive charge region in thunderstorms on different types of lightning

Combined with the existing stochastic lightning parameterization scheme, a classic tripole charge structure in thunderstorms is assumed in the paper, and then 2-dimensional fine-resolution lighting discharge simulations are performed to quantitatively investigate the effect of lower positive charge(LPC) on different types of lightning. The results show:(1) The LPC plays a key role in generating negative cloud-to-ground(CG) flashes and inverted intra-cloud(IC) lightning, and with the increase of charge density or distribution range of LPC region, lightning type changes from positive polarity IC lightning to negative CG flashes and then to inverted IC lightning.(2) Relative to distribution range of charge regions, the magnitude of charge density of the LPC region plays a dominant role in lightning type. Only when the maximal charge density value of LPC region is within a certain range, can negative CG flashes occur, and the occurrence probability is relatively fixed.(3) In this range, the charge density and distribution range of LPC region jointly determine the occurrence of negative CG flashes, which has a linear boundary with the trigger condition of IC lightning.(4) The common effect of charge density and distribution range of the LPC region is to change the distribution of positive potential well of bottom part of thunderstorms, and inverted IC lightning occurs when the initial reference potential is close to 0 MV, and negative CG flashes occur when the initial reference potential is far less than 0 MV.

Selection of the Relevant Turbulence Model in a CFD Simulation of a Flow Disturbed by Hydraulic Elbow--Comparative Analysis of the Simulation with Measurements Results Obtained by the Ultrasonic Flowmeter

The article is an attempt to compile the results of CFD liquid flow simulation through pipeline section containing hydraulic elbow with the results of ultrasonic flow measurements. To carry out the measurements behind the flow disturbing element(hydraulic elbow), an ultrasonic flowmeter with applied head set in accordance with the Z-type system was used. For comparative purposes, a flow simulation for 3 different turbulence models(k-epsilon, SST and SSG) was performed. It was found that with a proper ultrasonic flowmeter heads configurations, it is possible to measure the flow rate disturbed by the hydraulic elbow at any distance from the source of the disturbance. It has to use appropriate correction factor that can be determined by knowing the flow velocity profile equation. Based on comparison of CFD simulation results with experimental data, the accuracy/purposefulness of using individual turbulence models in the case of discussed hydraulic installation was evaluated.