铜转子压铸模热模拟分析及应用

结合理论计算，利用热模拟分析方法对电热管不同功率所对应的铜转子压铸模模具内部温度分布进行了研究。结果表明：电热管电压为220V时，模具内部温度为450---550℃；电热管电压为180V时，模具内部温度为350-450℃，两者相差约100℃。设计的模具预热系统达到了设计要求，满足实际生产需要，为铜转子压铸模具加热系统的设计提供理论指导。

Sorption of Manganese （II） and Chromium （III） Ions from Aqueous Solution Using Water Hyacinth Biomass （Eichhornia crassipes）

The use of water hyacinth biomass as adsorbent for Cr3＋ and Mn2＋ ions from aqueous solution by means of batch-adsorption technique was investigated to determine the potential ability of the biomaterial for metal ion removal. The equilibrium isotherm study showed that the maximum monolayer coverage on the biomass surface was 0.933 mg·g-1 and 0.874 mg·g-1 for Mn2＋ and Cr3＋ ions respectively. The highest percentage of Cr3＋ and Mn2＋ ions adsorbed by the biomass was 86.4% and 82.6% at the optimum pH of 4.0 and 6.0 respectively. The results also showed that the highest percentage removal 82.5% and 78.3% was obtained at 30 and 20 minutes respectively for Cr3＋ and Mn2＋ ions. The sorption process was examined by means of the Langmuir model. The adsorption equilibrium data were found to follow the Langmuir isotherm model with high coefficients of determination （R2 = 0.990 and 0.999） for Cr＋ and Mn2＋ ions respectively. The adsorption capacity of water hyacinth showed that water hyacinth will be useful in recovering chromium （III） and manganese （II） ions from solution and their subsequent removal from industrial effluents.

Equilibrium Modeling for Hydrogen Isotope Separation by Cryogenic Adsorption

The separation of hydrogen and deuterium by cryogenic adsorption was conducted, using the molecular sieve 5A as adsorbent, helium as the carder gas in a fixed column. The breakthrough curves of hydrogen, deuterium and the mixture of two components in helium carder gas were measured, a separation factor, approximately 2, for the hydrogen-deuterium binary mixture was obtained. The equilibrium model was built for simulation of the concentration distribution for single hydrogen, deuterium and their mixture with helium carder in the fixed column, and the simulation compared well with the experimental results.

Adsorption equilibrium for Z-ligustilide on C18-bonded silica from supercritical carbon dioxide

Adsorption equilibrium is of great importance for the preparative supercritical fluid chromatography(pre-SFC) in defining supercritical adsorption behavior and the industrial amplification.This paper presents adsorption isotherms of Z-ligustilide from supercritical carbon dioxide(SC-CO_2) on C18-bonded silica.Adsorption behavior was studied at 305.15 K,313.15 K and 323.15 K with SC-CO_2 density varying from 0.687 g·cm^(-3) to0.863 g·cm^(-3) with the elution by characteristic points(ECP) method.The adsorption amount of Z-ligustilide from SC-CO_2 on C18-bonded silica decreased with the increasing density of the mobile phase as well as the increasing temperature.Adsorption equilibrium data were fitted by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models,and the Langmuir isotherm model performed better for describing the whole adsorption process on the column.The monolayer saturation adsorption capacity of Z-ligustilide is in the range of 3.0 × 10^(-4) mg·cm^(-3) to5.5 × 10^(-4) mg·cm^(-3) with an average value of 4.0 × 10^(-4) mg·cm^(-3).

Two-state energy model and experimental study of coal adsorb methane

There are two states of methane existing in coal, free methane and adsorptive methane. The two states of methane exchanged with each other which need the energy exchange with outside. It is released heat when methane adsorption on coal, instead of absorbed heat. According to the gas molecules Boltzmann energy distribution, is obtained the equilibrium equations of the two states of methane in coal, as well as the heat of adsorption equation when exchanged into each other. At the same time, high temperature experiments of methane adsorption on coal have been certificated to the theoretical model. At last the experimental results presented that： the two-state energy model could be accurately described the distribution of the two states of methane in the coal; the adsorption heat is related to the initial equilibrium state of methane adsorption; the adsorption heats are different with different coal ranks.

Heavy metals adsorption by banana peels micro-powder: Equilibrium modeling by non-linear models

In this study the copper and lead adsorption efficiency onto banana peels powder was investigated. The agroindustrial waste recovery represents one of the Circular Economy pillars. In the view of the synthesis of an environmentally friendly adsorbent material, the powder was used without any preliminary chemical or thermal activation, but only after simple washing, drying and grinding. The bio-adsorbent was characterized by the FTIR technique and tested in batch mode on synthetic aqueous solutions containing Pb and Cu in the range 10–90 mg·L^(-1). A selection of two(Langmuir, Freundlich) and three(Sips, Redlich–Peterson, Koble–Corrigan) parameter isotherm models was chosen to fit adsorption equilibrium data by non-linear regression procedure. The best fit isotherm model was selected relying on the error function with the lowest average percentage error(APE) value, among those characterized by the highest R^2 values. As expected, the three-parameter models are found to better represent both metals bio-adsorption, with APE and R^2 values always lower and higher, respectively, than the corresponding values obtained for the two-parameter models.

Isotherm Equation Study of F Adsorbed from Water Solution by Fe2（SO4）3-modified Granular Activated Alumina

The adsorption equilibrium of a fluoride solution on 1-2 mm granular activated alumina modified by Fe2(SO4)3 solution was investigated.The experiments were conducted using a wide range of initial fluoride concentrations(0.5 to 180 mg·L-1 at pH～7.0) and an adsorbent dose of 1.0 g·L-1.The application of Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models(linear and nonlinear forms) generally showed that a single Langmuir or Freundlich equation cannot fit the entire concentration gap.Experimental data on low equilibrium concentrations(0.1 to 5.0 mg·L-1) was in line with both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models,whereas that of high equilibrium concentrations(5.0 to 150 mg·L-1) was more in line with the Freundlich isotherm model.A new LangmuirFreundlich function was used for the entire concentration gap,as well as for low and high concentrations.

Comparative Study of the Adsorption Thermodynamic Parameters Estimated through Different Approaches

The equilibrium constant （K0）, change in free energy （△G）, enthalpy （△H） and entropy （△S） of ammonium adsorption by a Cuban natural zeolite were estimated at the temperatures of 25, 35, 45 and 55℃ using extensively used approaches. Equilibrium data were obtained in the concentration range 50-1,200 mg·L-1 of ammonium and used in the estimation of thermodynamic parameters. Freundlich＇s isotherm model was found as with the best adjustment to equilibrium data at 25, 45 and 55℃, whereas, Redlich-Peterson＇s model had a better performance at 35 ℃. A discontinuous and unusual behavior was observed on adsorption capacity of the zeolite, with an increase from 25 ℃ to 35 ℃ followed by a decrease from 35℃ to 55 ℃. K0 values presented differences that reached up to 105 from one methodology to other. Depending on the method considered, AS results indicated both increase or decrease in system degree of disorder and △G indicated both physisorption or chemisorption process, proving the poor correlation between the estimation proceedings of such important data. The results from Gaines and Thomas method were recognized as the most correlated to calorimetric studies, as well as to equilibrium data and observations related to system entropy.

Reuse of Anaerobic Sludge for Treating Synthetic Wastewater Containing Organic and Inorganic Pollutants in Fixed Bed Adsorber

Dried anaerobic granular sludge （DAGS） for removing phenol （organic） and lead （inorganic） pollutants from synthetic wastewater was examined in a fixed bed system. A general rate multi-component model has been built to predict the fixed bed breakthrough curves for single and dual-component system. This model considers both external and internal mass transfer resistances as well as axial dispersion with non-liner multi-component isotherm. The equilibrium isotherm model parameters such as isotherm model constants （qm and b）, pore diffusion coefficients （Dp） were obtained from batch experiments, while the external mass transfer coefficients and axial dispersion （kf, Dz） were calculated from empirical correlations. The results show that the general rate multi-component model was found suitable for describing the biosorption process of the dynamic behavior of the DAGS adsorber column and that DAGS can be used efficiently to remove organic and inorganic pollutants.

Equilibrium and kinetics of copper ions removal from wastewater by ion exchange

The removal of copper ions from wastewater by ion exchange has been studied using an iminodiacetate resin.The capacity of the resin for the copper ions has been determined to be 2.30 mmol·g^(-1) by measuring the equilibrium isotherm at 25 °C and initial pH value of 3.5 where the final equilibrium p H value is 5. An analysis of equilibrium isotherm models showed that the best fit model was the Langmuir–Freundlich. The kinetics of the ion exchange process have been investigated and four kinetic models have been tested namely: Ritchie model, pseudo-second order model, pseudo-first order model and the Elovich model. The pseudo-second order model provides the best fit to the kinetic data.

Thermodynamic Equilibrium for Mixtures of Combustible Gases and Air

Standard treatments of thermodynamic equilibrium are incomplete. They do not take account of all factors determining equilibrium, cannot explain why many systems do not reach equilibrium and do not discuss the questions of reaching and maintaining equilibrium. The arguments presented here provide a single physical definition of thermodynamic equilibrium that accounts for all factors determining thermodynamic equilibrium for mixtures of combustible gases and air. Based on the standard delrmition of thermodynamic equilibrium, the MBD （Maxwell Boltzmann distribution） and a simple molecular model lead to three possible types of equilibrium. The regions of temperature pressure and composition for each type of equilibrium are defined by the measured values of ignition temperatures and the explosive and flammability limits. How this definition of thermodynamic equilibrium can be extended to all molecular systems is discussed in the following papers.

Cadmium sorption from aqueous solutions onto Iranian sepiolite:Kinetics and isotherms

This work aims to investigate the efficiency of Fariman sepiolite from Iran as an adsorbent to remove Cd from aqueous solutions. The effects of different experimental factors such as the initial Cd concentration, contact time and the sorbent dose were investigated through a series of batch adsorption experiments. The results show that the adsorption capacity of sepiolite for Cd increases with the contact time, the initial concentration of Cd solutions and the sorbent dose. Sorption of Cd by Fariman sepiolite is rapid within the first hour of the experiment and then slowly increases until a pseudo equilibrium is approached at 8 h. The results also show that the time-dependent Cd sorption data are better described with pseudo second-order （7〉0.999） than that of pseudo first-order （r2〉0.971） kinetic model. Equilibrium isotherm studies show that the experimental data are better correlated by the Freundlich adsorption isotherm （7〉0.995） than the Langmuir （P〉0.825）. It is suggested that both adsorption and cation exchange reactions are responsible for the sorption of Cd by the sepiolite, and the mineral has a very good potential to remove Cd from aqueous solutions.

What Determines the Amplitude of ENSO Events?

In this paper, the dynamic effect of oceanic upwelling on the intensity of E1 Nifio-Southern Oscilla tion （ENSO） is studied using a simple coupled model （Zebiak-Cane Model）. The term balance analysis in the temperature variability equation shows that the anomalous upwelling of the mean vertical temperature gradient and the mean advection of the anomalous meridional tem perature gradient are the two of most important factors that determine the intensity of ENSO events, in which the ＂vertical oceanic heat flux＂ in the eastern equatorial Pa cific （EEP） is the primary influencing factor. The lag cor relation between ＂vertical heat flux （VHF）＂ and ENSO intensity shows that the highest correlation occurs when the former leads the latter by one to two weeks. The VHF is positively correlated with the background thermocline strength in the EEP, and an increase of both could result in strong ENSO variability. Comparison of the forced and coupled experiments suggests that the coupled process can affect both the intensity and freauencv of ENSO.

Removal of Pb(Ⅱ) ions from aqueous solutions by litchi pericarp and its leachate

The adsorption capacity of Pb(Ⅱ) on litchi pericarps was investigated as a function of temperature,pH,and adsorbent dose using batch experiments.The experimental data obtained were evaluated using adsorption equilibrium isotherms and a kinetic model.Additionally,the removal of Pb(Ⅱ) in leachate of litchi pericarps was also evaluated.The results show that litchi pericarps exhibit a high adsorption capacity to Pb(Ⅱ),with the maximum removal efficiency occurring at a temperature of 25 ℃,a pH of 6.0-7.0 and an adsorbent dosage of 10 g/L.Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model can all fit the equilibrium adsorption satisfactorily,with correlation coefficients(R^2) of 0.9935,0.9918 and 1.0,respectively.An average removal efficiency of 66.65% is found for Pb(Ⅱ) in leachate of litchi pericarps.