刚性路面考虑拉压模量差异时的计算方法

在传统的刚性路面设计方法中,不论是板的受拉区或是受压区,均取同一模量值进行计算。显然,这是不太合理的。本文从抗压和抗弯拉模量不等的概念出发,按照文克尔地基模型,推导出了双模量的刚性路面设计公式,并应用叠加原理具体计算了板内的荷载应力。分析表明,用双模量确定的最不利荷位时的最大拉应力,比传统的刚性路面设计方法计算的拉应力要小10%左右。据此,在荷载和地基条件相同的情况下,所需板的厚度将有所减小。无疑这在经济上是合算的。

基于模量行波差异的柔性直流输电线路单端量保护方法

在柔性直流输电中,基于波形特征的行波保护在近端或对近端故障时易受后续行波影响,保护范围存在死区;且发生区外非金属性故障时故障处电压并非阶跃波,若以故障处电压为阶跃波开展原理研究,则也会影响保护的动作性能。针对以上问题,首先解析发生区内、外故障时故障处电压波形差异的原因,然后分析线模与零模电流之间的差异性,进一步得到反映区内、外故障的模量行波差异通项。为避免区外非金属性故障的影响,在此基础上利用不对称故障下行波的折反射特征,提出模量行波差异与折反射特征相配合的单端量保护方法。PSCAD/EMTDC的仿真结果表明,所提保护方法能有效解决近端故障下保护拒动的问题且具有较强的耐受过渡电阻能力和抗噪声干扰能力,此外还避免了区外非金属故障的影响。

Numerical Analysis for High⁃Throughput Elastic Modulus Measurement of Substrate⁃Supported Thin Films

Micro/nano-thin films are widely used in the fields of micro/nano-electromechanical system(MEMS/NEMS)and flexible electronics,and their mechanical properties have an important impact on the stability and reliability of components.However,accurate characterization of the mechanical properties of thin films still faces challenges due to the complexity of film-substrate structure,and the characterization efficiency of traditional techniques is insufficient.In this paper,a high-throughput determination method of the elastic modulus of thin films is proposed based on the strain variance method,the feasibility of which is analyzed by the finite element method(FEM),and the specific tensile configuration with array-distributed thin films is designed and optimized.Based on the strain difference between the film-substrate region and the uncoated region,the elastic modulus of multiple films is obtained simultaneously,and the influences of film width,spacing,thickness,and distribution on the measurement of elastic modulus are elucidated.The results show that the change in film width has a more obvious effect on the elastic modulus determination than film spacing and thickness,i.e.,the larger the film width is,the closer the calculation results are to the theoretical value,and the change in calculation results tends to be stabilized when the film width increases to a certain length.Specifically,the simultaneous measurement of the elastic modulus of eight metal films on a polyimide(PI)substrate with a length of 110 mm and a width of 30 mm can be realized,and the testing throughput can be further increased with the extension of the substrate length.This study provides an efficient and low-cost method for measuring the elastic modulus of thin films,which is expected to accelerate the development of new thin film materials.

新老路面结构拼接部位的受力状态分析

在道路拓建工程中,新老路面在结构层模量上存在差异,使得拼接结构在拼接部位的受力极为不利。根据新老路面结构组成形式、荷载条件,采用有限元方法,分析新老路面各个结构层模量差异对拼接部位受力状态的影响。结果表明:在新老路面结构中,新老面层、新老基层的模量差异对拼接部位的受力有着显著的影响,当保留老面层和老基层时应确保其具有足够的剩余强度(模量)。在最不利荷载工况下,如果要使得拼接结构拼接面上的剪应力增加不超过10%,新老面层、新老基层的模量差异应不超过30%～40%。

The Influence of Exchange Rate on the Volume of Japanese Manufacturing Export

This paper investigates the influence of exchange rate volatility on the volume of Japanese manufacturing export. The volatility in yen is shown by conditional variance from EGARCH （Exponential Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity） model, allowing for asymmetric effects that a shock of an appreciation of the yen is different from that of a depreciation of the yen. The export action model including exchange rate volatility is constructed based on VAR （Vector Auto Regressive） model to examine the relationship between exchange rate uncertainty and the volume of export. Tests are performed for typical eight kinds of industry in Japan. Few empirical studies focus on each Japanese industry export. Results indicate significant negative effects of exchange rate volatility on most manufacturing exports. In addition, this paper analyzes the each industry, featurc of the influence of exchange rate on the volume of Japanese export. The authors find that equipment industries occupying 60% or more of total Japanese exports especially tend to receive negative influence of exchange.

Simultaneous variable selection for heteroscedastic regression models

In this paper, we propose a new criterion, named PICa, to simultaneously select explanatory variables in the mean model and variance model in heteroscedastic linear models based on the model structure. We show that the new criterion can select the true mean model and a correct variance model with probability tending to 1 under mild conditions. Simulation studies and a real example are presented to evaluate the new criterion, and it turns out that the proposed approach performs well.

Discriminant Models for Uncertainty Characterization in Area Class Change Categorization

Discriminant space defining area classes is an important conceptual construct for uncertainty characterization in area-class maps.Discriminant models were promoted as they can enhance consistency in area-class mapping and replicability in error modeling.As area classes are rarely completely separable in empirically realized discriminant space,where class inseparabil-ity becomes more complicated for change categorization,we seek to quantify uncertainty in area classes(and change classes)due to measurement errors and semantic discrepancy separately and hence assess their relative margins objectively.Experiments using real datasets were carried out,and a Bayesian method was used to obtain change maps.We found that there are large differences be-tween uncertainty statistics referring to data classes and information classes.Therefore,uncertainty characterization in change categorization should be based on discriminant modeling of measurement errors and semantic mismatch analysis,enabling quanti-fication of uncertainty due to partially random measurement errors,and systematic categorical discrepancies,respectively.