橄榄酸的生物合成

橄榄酸(olivetolic acid,OLA),属于单芳香族化合物,是一种经由橄榄醇合成酶(olivetol synthase,OLS)和橄榄酸环化酶(olivetolic acid cyclase,OAC)协同催化的次生代谢产物。OLA具有抗菌、抗细胞毒性、抗惊厥和光保护等药理特性。此外,OLA还是大麻素生物合成的关键前体,为大麻素提供聚酮核部分。随着对OLA应用价值的深度挖掘及在医药工业的需求增加,实现其规模化生产迫在眉睫。生物合成法因其反应条件温和可控、绿色、可循环等优点,成为合成OLA的首选方法。通过综述OLA生物合成途径和关键酶的作用机制,讨论OLA生物合成策略的研究进展,旨在探索利用合成生物学技术生产OLA的潜力,为OLA的规模化生产提供理论依据。

利用橄榄油酸酯类乳化剂Olivem 1000形成液晶结构的研究

较为系统地研究了橄榄油酸酯类乳化剂Olivem 1000形成液晶结构的影响因素,探讨了可能的影响机理。研究表明乳化剂的正常用量(质量分数≤6%)不是形成液晶结构的关键因素;与长链脂肪醇复配被确认是该类型乳化剂形成液晶结构的关键因素。油脂种类不是有无液晶结构形成的影响因素,但是会影响液晶结构的规整性。均质乳化条件的研究表明,超过一定的均质力度均能形成液晶结构。p H条件对该乳化剂形成液晶结构无显著性影响。较低离子强度(Na Cl质量分数≤1%)对该乳化体系的液晶形成没有明显影响。

橄榄石酸溶制备超细二氧化硅改性研究

橄榄石酸溶制备超细二氧化硅工艺简单、生产成本低。但是制备的超细二氧化硅表面羟基键合严重、分散性能差、易团聚。利用硅烷偶联剂对橄榄石酸溶制备的超细二氧化硅进行改性研究。采用单因素实验考察了硅烷偶联剂品种、改性时间、改性温度及改性剂用量等因素对超细二氧化硅改性效果的影响。实验结果表明,在硅烷偶联剂KH-550加入量为6 mL/g、改性时间为5 h、改性温度为75℃条件下,制备的超细二氧化硅表面的羟基数量减少至2.08×10^(20)个/g、接枝率为8.35%、接触角达到101.51°,极大地提高了超细二氧化硅的表面疏水性。

Interaction mechanism between arsenate and fayalite-type copper slag at high temperatures

The interaction mechanism between sodium arsenate and fayalite-type copper slag at 1200℃was investigated through XRD,XPS,HRTEM,TCLP and other technical means and methods.The results indicated that the proportions of sodium arsenate in the slag and flue gas phases were approximately 30%and 70%,respectively.The addition of sodium arsenate depolymerized the fayalite structure and changed it from a crystalline state to an amorphous state.The fayalite structural changes indicated that the[AsO_(4)]tetrahedron in sodium arsenate combined with the[SiO_(4)]tetrahedron and[FeO_(4)]tetrahedron through bridging oxygen to form a silicate glass structure.The TCLP test results of the samples before and after the high temperature reaction of fayalite and sodium arsenate showed that after high temperature reaction,fayalite could effectively reduce the leaching toxicity of sodium arsenate,reducing the leaching concentration of arsenic from 3025.52 to 12.8 mg/L before and after reaction,respectively.

Improvement of carbothermic reduction of nickel slag by addition of CaCO3

The effect of CaCO3 addition on the carbothermic reduction of nickel slag was studied,and the mechanism of CaCO3 in improving the reduction was analyzed.The results showed that when the CaCO3 content added to the slag was increased from 0 to 8 wt.%,initiation temperature of the carbothermic reaction decreased from 1100 to 1000℃,the temperature reaching the maximum reduction rate decreased from 1150 to 1100℃,and the reduction degree of the nickel slag increased from 58%to 88%.The iron particles in the reduced nickel slag were coarsened and the X-ray diffraction intensity of metallic iron peaks increased,confirming that the addition of CaCO3 was beneficial to the reduction of nickel slag and recovery of iron.

Effect of pyroxenite and olivine minerals as source of MgO in hematite pellet on improvement of metallurgical properties

Pelletization of hematite ore requires high fineness and very high induration temperature（~1325 ℃） owing to its poor diffusion bonding unlike magnetite ore. Further, high-alumina hematite pellets show very high reduction degradation index（RDI） during low temperature（500-650 ℃） reduction due to their volume expansion and lattice distortion. Noamundi（India） hematite ore contains very high Al2O3（2.3%） with adverse ratio of alumina to silica（~2） for which, it shows very high RDI. In this work, the acid pellets prepared from Noamundi ore fines of optimum Blaine fineness show good cold crushing strength（CCS）. However, it shows very high RDI（77%）. In order to reduce RDI, Mg O in form of two different gangue-containing fluxes, such as pyroxenite and olivine in varying quantities has been added. The optimum requirement and performance of these fluxes has been examined and compared. Both pyroxenite and olivine fluxed pellets show significant lowering of RDI（26% and 23%, respectively） and improvement of other properties, viz CCS, swelling indices etc with good reducibility（70%-77%）. Finally, a good quality acidic hematite pellet was developed from high-alumina ore without using any lime which is very important charge material in combination of basic sinter in blast furnace.

The vanadium isotopic composition of L ordinary chondrites

Stable isotopic data of meteorites are critical for understanding the evolution of terrestrial planets. In this study, we report high-precision vanadium （V） isotopic compositions of 11 unequilibrated and equilibrated L chondrites. Our samples show an average δ^51v of -1.25‰ ±0.38‰ （2SD, n = 11）, which is ,- 0.5‰ lighter than that of the bulk silicate Earth constrained by mantle peridotites. Isotopic fractionation in type 3 ordinary chondrites vary from - 1.76‰ to - 1.29‰, whereas the δ^51V of equilibrated chondrites vary from - 1.37‰ to -1.08‰. 551V of L chondrites do not correlate with thermal metamorphism, shock stage, or weathering degree. Future studies are required to explore the reason for V isotope variation in the solar system.

Influence of Nitric Acid Concentration on Characteristics of Olive Stone Based Activated Carbon

In this work we investigated the effect of nitric acid concentration on the pore structure,surface chemistry and liquid phase adsorption of olive stone based activated carbon prepared by mixing process using phosphoric acid and steam as activating agents.Chemicals and textural characterization show that the increase of HNO3concentration increases considerably the total acidic groups but decreases specific surface area and pore volume.The study of adsorption in aqueous solutions of two organics,phenol and methylene blue,on raw and oxidized activated carbon indicates that the treatment of mixed activated carbon with different concentrations of nitric acid improves the adsorbent capacity for methylene blue at HNO3concentrations less or equal to 2 mol·L 1,while it has a negative effect on phenol adsorption.

Olive Cake in Laying Hen Diets for Modification of Yolk Lipids

The possibility of improving egg yolk lipids of laying hens by olive cake （OC） feeding was investigated. Forty-two, 54-week-old, Lohman laying hens were fed for 12 weeks on 3 diets formulated to contain 0, 28.5 or 57 g OC/kg. Plasma cholesterol, triglycerides and high-density lipoproteins （HDL） were determined. Also total lipids, triglycerides, cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins （LDL）, Phospholipids and fatty acids were determined in egg yolk. Olive cake feeding at 28.5 or 57 g/kg diet decreased cholesterol and triglycerides of plasma, without affecting HDL. It also decreased total lipids, triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL and Phospholipids of yolk （P 〈 0.001）. Total （monounsaturated fatty acids, MUFA） was decreased with OC feeding at 28.5 g/kg diet, while it was increased with the 57 g/kg dietary OC. The two levels of OC decreased total （saturated fatty acids, SFA） but increased total （polyunsaturated fatty acids, PUFA）, n-6 PUFA, and n-3 PUFA of egg yolk, compared to the control. Thus, according to the results of the present experiment feeding hens 57 g OC/kg diet lowers cholesterol and total SFA and increases total MUFA, total PUFA, total n-3 PUFA and docosahexanoic acid in egg yolk.

Oleuropein from Olive Leaf Extract as Natural Antioxidant of Frozen Hamburger

Oxidation is one of the major causes of hamburger deterioration. Antioxidants are used to minimize oxidation process. There is a growing interest in the substitution of synthetic food antioxidants by natural ones from vegetable sources. In meat industry, sodium erythorbate is antioxidant that is usually used and is an example of chemical antioxidant. Effect of olive leaf extract rich in olenropein on the quality of frozen hamburger was investigated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the usage of oleuropein from olive leaf extract as natural antioxidant in frozen hamburger stored at -12 ℃ compared with sodium erythorbate. Results suggested that olive leaf extracts might be useful to the meat industry as an efficient alternative to synthetic antioxidants by retarding oxidation of hamburger compared with sodium erythorbate 0.5% of olenropein and 0.5% of sodium erythorbate are the best concentrations to be used in frozen hamburger.

A Comparative Study of Stability of Extra Virgin Olive Oil, Virgin Coconut Oil and Grape Seed Oil against Domestic Deep Frying

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relative stability of extra virgin olive oil （EVOO）, virgin coconut oil （VCO） and grape seed oil （GSO） against domestic deep frying. Oil samples were subjected to deep frying at 190 ℃ for 30, 60, and 90 min and then compared with fresh oil samples in terms of fatty acid composition, peroxide value （PV）, p-anisidine value （p-AV）, total oxidation value （TOTOX）, iodine value （IV）, free fatty acid content （%FFA） and total phenolic content （TPC）. Experimental results showed that the changes in the fatty acid composition, p-AV and TOTOX were in the order, GSO 〉 EVOO 〉 VCO throughout the experiment, while PV was in the order, VCO 〉 EVO0 〉 GSO. Meanwhile, the reduction in the IV was in the order, GSO 〉 VCO 〉 EVOO throughout the experiment. On the other hand, the changes in the %FFA were in the order, VCO 〉 GSO 〉 EVO0 throughout the experiment. VCO had the greatest stability against domestic deep frying, followed by EVO0 and GSO had the least stability against domestics deep frying.

LC-TOF/MS快速鉴定女贞子4种环烯醚萜苷类化合物模拟清蒸品的化学成分

目的：通过LC-TOF/MS快速鉴定女贞子4种环烯醚萜苷类化合物（特女贞苷、新女贞苷、橄榄苦苷、女贞苷）模拟清蒸品的化学成分,探讨女贞子蒸制过程中环烯醚萜苷类成分的转化机制。方法：色谱条件为流动相乙腈（A）-0.1%甲酸溶液（B）梯度洗脱（0~5 min,7%~12%A;5~20 min,12%~25%A;20~30 min,25%~40%A;30~35 min,40%~100%A）,流速0.2 m L·min^-1,柱温25℃,进样量3μL,检测波长240 nm;质谱使用Agilent 6230型LC-TOF/MS联用系统,在ESI/MS正离子模式下采集数据。通过对照品定位、质谱数据及文献参照分析4种环烯醚萜苷类化合物模拟清蒸品的化学成分。结果：4种环烯醚萜苷类化合物模拟清蒸品中均检出了橄榄酸;特女贞苷模拟清蒸品中还检出红景天苷和2种特女贞苷异构体;新女贞苷模拟清蒸品中鉴定出了3,4-二羟基苯乙基-β-D-葡萄糖苷;橄榄苦苷和女贞苷模拟清蒸品中分别检出其各自的苷元羟基酪醇和酪醇。结论：女贞子中环烯醚萜苷类成分性质不稳定,加水、加热可使其水解生成次级苷或者苷元,特女贞苷在模拟炮制过程中可转化为其异构体。女贞子酒蒸后补肝肾药效增强与其环烯醚萜苷类成分水解密切相关。

基于UPLC-Q/TOF-MS的中药水蜜丸制剂二至丸多成分稳定性研究

目的在遵循人用药品注册技术要求国际协调会(International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use,ICH)制剂稳定性指导原则的指导下,在采用超高效液相色谱-飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q/TOF-MS)联用技术对中药传统水蜜丸制剂二至丸进行多成分定性定量研究的基础上,进行二至丸长期稳定性和加速稳定性研究,并考察了制剂影响因素对制剂稳定性的影响。方法采用Acquity UPLC BEH C18色谱柱(100 mm×2.1mm,1.7μm),流动相为0.1%甲酸水溶液-乙腈,梯度洗脱,体积流量0.2 m L/min,采用电喷雾电离源(ESI),正、负离子模式扫描。在遵循ICH制剂稳定性指导原则的指导下,进行了18个月的长期稳定性试验[温度(25±2)℃,相对湿度(RH)(60±5)%],加速稳定性试验[温度(40±2)℃,RH(75±5)%]和制剂影响因素试验(包装材料类型和密封条件)。结果采用以上方法共鉴定出二至丸中20个化学成分(红景天苷、蟛蜞菊内酯、10-羟基木犀榄苷二甲酯、木犀榄苷-11甲酯、马钱苷酸、松果菊苷、女贞苦苷、橄榄苦苷酸、毛蕊花苷/异毛蕊花苷、女贞苷、特女贞苷、ligustroflavone、特女贞苷异构体、阿富汗丁香苷F、异女贞苷、女贞酸、橄榄苦苷、女贞苷-G13、青藤碱、3-O-顺式-对-香豆酰委陵菜酸),并对其进行定量及归一化半定量研究。在长期稳定性研究中,20个成分均保持稳定;然而在加速稳定性试验条件下,11种成分(10-羟基木犀榄苷二甲酯、松果菊苷、女贞苦苷、橄榄苦苷酸、毛蕊花苷、女贞苷、特女贞苷、ligustroflavone、女贞酸、女贞苷-G13、青藤碱)的量明显下降。制剂影响因素试验结果显示采用钠钙玻璃包装材料替代现有市售聚酯包装,在密封或敞口条件下,制剂中各成分稳定性均显著提高。在采用相同包材时密封条件对制剂稳定性也存在显著性影响。结论通过较为系统的中药传统口服制剂类型水蜜丸的制剂稳定性研究,为中药制剂质量控制水平和临床用药安全提供技术支持。