Essential oils （EOs） from Rosemary, Rosmarinus officinalis （Lamiaceae）, Orange, Citrus sinensis （Rutaceae）, Lavandula, Lavandula angustifolia （Lamiaceae）, False Yellowhead, Dittrichia viscosa （Asteraceae） an...Essential oils （EOs） from Rosemary, Rosmarinus officinalis （Lamiaceae）, Orange, Citrus sinensis （Rutaceae）, Lavandula, Lavandula angustifolia （Lamiaceae）, False Yellowhead, Dittrichia viscosa （Asteraceae） and their major components were evaluated against root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogynejavanica. Second stage juveniles＇ （J2） paralysis and egg hatch inhibition were studied, while pulverized plant parts were tested for nematodes biological cycle arrest. All EOs paralyzed J2 and M. incognita were found more sensitive than M javanica with the EC50/4 days calculated at 250, 3,650 and 4,260 12g/mL for 1）. viscosa, L. angustifolia and R. officinalis, respectively. Similarly, all EOs inhibited nematodes egg hatch and D. viscosa exhibited the highest inhibition on egg hatch （100% inhibition at 5 μg/mL）. A significant influence of constituent terpenes （limonene, 1,8-cineole, linalool, camphor, L-borneol, caryophyllene oxide, β-eudesmol） dose and exposure time was indicated on egg hatch inhibition （56% to 100% at 500 μg/mL and 1,000 μg/mL）, while only β-eudesmol achieved paralysis of J2 and specifically against M. incognita （EC50/1d = 50μg/mL）. Interestingly, the most active botanical species arresting Meloidogyne spp. biological cycle in soil was C. sinensis （EC50 = 2 mg/g） and the most sensitive nematode species was M. javanica. The larvicidal and egg hatch inhibition activity holds promise towards the optimization of artificial terpene mixtures as novel and effective natural nematicides. Complex interactions of primary compounds and subsequent decomposition derivates compose efficacy profile of soil amendments.展开更多
Different tests were carried out to assess the efficiency of replacing plant protection products used at the main application points in citrus fruit packinghouses with natural treatments. The efficiency of an aqueous ...Different tests were carried out to assess the efficiency of replacing plant protection products used at the main application points in citrus fruit packinghouses with natural treatments. The efficiency of an aqueous treatment containing potassium sorbate was found to significantly reduce decaying in Marisol mandarins previously inoculated with Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium italicum. The same food preservative was used in conjunction with a fruit detergent and was applied on Washington Navel oranges and the reduction in the appearance of decaying was similar to that obtained using Guazatine. Finally, two different essential oils were tested. One was combined with a coating and the KS, whilst the other was applied as a fumigant. In the case of wax treatments, it was found that the combination of essential oil or KS with Imazalil at half the dose （0.1%） was equivalent to treatment with a higher dose of Imazalil （0.2%） thus making it possible to reduce the dose of plant protection products used without reducing decay control effectiveness. The treatment with a fumigant with essential oil has a level of efficiency similar to Imazalil against PI. These treatments can be considered a viable alternative to the use of plant protection products.展开更多
文摘Essential oils （EOs） from Rosemary, Rosmarinus officinalis （Lamiaceae）, Orange, Citrus sinensis （Rutaceae）, Lavandula, Lavandula angustifolia （Lamiaceae）, False Yellowhead, Dittrichia viscosa （Asteraceae） and their major components were evaluated against root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogynejavanica. Second stage juveniles＇ （J2） paralysis and egg hatch inhibition were studied, while pulverized plant parts were tested for nematodes biological cycle arrest. All EOs paralyzed J2 and M. incognita were found more sensitive than M javanica with the EC50/4 days calculated at 250, 3,650 and 4,260 12g/mL for 1）. viscosa, L. angustifolia and R. officinalis, respectively. Similarly, all EOs inhibited nematodes egg hatch and D. viscosa exhibited the highest inhibition on egg hatch （100% inhibition at 5 μg/mL）. A significant influence of constituent terpenes （limonene, 1,8-cineole, linalool, camphor, L-borneol, caryophyllene oxide, β-eudesmol） dose and exposure time was indicated on egg hatch inhibition （56% to 100% at 500 μg/mL and 1,000 μg/mL）, while only β-eudesmol achieved paralysis of J2 and specifically against M. incognita （EC50/1d = 50μg/mL）. Interestingly, the most active botanical species arresting Meloidogyne spp. biological cycle in soil was C. sinensis （EC50 = 2 mg/g） and the most sensitive nematode species was M. javanica. The larvicidal and egg hatch inhibition activity holds promise towards the optimization of artificial terpene mixtures as novel and effective natural nematicides. Complex interactions of primary compounds and subsequent decomposition derivates compose efficacy profile of soil amendments.
文摘Different tests were carried out to assess the efficiency of replacing plant protection products used at the main application points in citrus fruit packinghouses with natural treatments. The efficiency of an aqueous treatment containing potassium sorbate was found to significantly reduce decaying in Marisol mandarins previously inoculated with Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium italicum. The same food preservative was used in conjunction with a fruit detergent and was applied on Washington Navel oranges and the reduction in the appearance of decaying was similar to that obtained using Guazatine. Finally, two different essential oils were tested. One was combined with a coating and the KS, whilst the other was applied as a fumigant. In the case of wax treatments, it was found that the combination of essential oil or KS with Imazalil at half the dose （0.1%） was equivalent to treatment with a higher dose of Imazalil （0.2%） thus making it possible to reduce the dose of plant protection products used without reducing decay control effectiveness. The treatment with a fumigant with essential oil has a level of efficiency similar to Imazalil against PI. These treatments can be considered a viable alternative to the use of plant protection products.
