橡胶经济背后拉祜族女性生育观的转变——以西盟南约寨拉祜族为例

拉祜族作为山地民族,游猎、游耕的传统生计方式需要维持着一定规模的群体生活,这在某种程度上对拉祜族女性的生育率有一定的要求。而传统生存环境中较差的卫生条件影响着妇女产婴的出生率与存活率。近20年来,橡胶种植作为一种新的生计方式的引入,对拉祜族当地的经济条件、妇女受教育水平、饮食营养结构、公共卫生条件等方面产生一定的影响。笔者基于田野调查的基础上对拉祜族妇女传统生育观念、生育任务以及妇女家庭角色在橡胶经济影响下的变化进行探讨。

2012—2014年天然橡胶产业经济研究综述

对2012—2014年国内外天然橡胶产业发展情况的相关研究进行了梳理,在此基础上总结了当前研究的特点与不足之处,并对研究的重点与创新点进行了展望,以期对天然橡胶产业发展的进一步研究有所帮助。

Economic Benefits of Rubber Plantations in Longjiang Farm in Hainan by the Application of Optimized Fertilization Formula

The influence of formula fertilization optimization on dry rubber yield and economic benefits of the rubber plantation in Hainan Longjiang Farm were studied by using ＂contrast＂ design method of fertilizer field experiments. The results showed that the actual production rate reached 4.61% and the net production rate of dry rubber reached 3.97% by application of optimized fertilization formula. Analysis of variance showed that the average dry rubber yield in optimization of formula fertil- ization area was significantly higher than that of conventional area. The results also indicated that the optimization of formula fertilization had obvious economic benefits, and each rubber tree reduced cost and increased 9.95 yuan on average after the test.

繁忙的割胶与热闹的“扩塔”:拉祜族族性认同的加强——以西盟南约寨拉祜族为例

橡胶经济将南约寨拉祜族社区纳入全球风险社会市场体系中,而当地却没有一套完善应对风险社会的机制,民间信仰成了应对和缓解风险事故所带来的心理压力的地方性策略。繁忙的橡胶种植淡化了拉祜族民众传统文化意识,拉祜族地方精英通过对传统文化内容再现或者丰富化来加强拉祜族民众对族性认同和民族身份的实践。在热闹的"扩塔"与三佛祖祭祀中,共同的信仰祭祀、共同的拉祜音乐声调、共同的行为表现使来自不同地缘关系的拉祜族全体将彼此想象成为"具有祖先血缘关系的共同体",强化他们对族性内涵的了解和认同。