一对近邻大质量早型星系的并合性质

星系并合在星系的形成与演化中具有关键作用,利用深度曝光成像观测数据,研究了一对相互作用星系的并合性质以及其中一个星系壳状结构的起源.结果表明:壳状结构的g-i颜色较星系中心处蓝,多波段能谱分布显示壳状结构的u^*波段颜色较核心更蓝.这说明星族年龄更年轻或金属丰度更低,因此壳状结构来源于次并合,其所产生的壳状结构为主星系贡献了14.1%的恒星质量.2个星系各自整体的能谱分布表明它们的星族性质十分接近,结合中性氢的观测结果可知这对星系正在进行主干并合(major dry merger).通过对并合时标的估算得出在没有新的并合事件发生的情况下,这对星系将在~1.4 Gyr后并合成为1个恒星质量为~2×10^11M⊙的贫气体星系.

Control of a Rigid-Flexible Satellite Solar Panel with Non-collocated Sensor/Actuator

This paper presents a model and analysis for a flexible link with non-collocations of sensors and actuators. It shows the changes in the system dynamics and the appearance of zeroes in the right-plan complex, turning the system a non-minimum phase system. The performance of the PID （proportional-integral-derivative） and LQR （linear quadratic regulator） controller are discussed considering the zero dynamics of the system in three points of special interest： （I） the collocated case, when the sensor is in the base of the link; （2） the critical case, where the system starts to present zeroes in the right-plan complex and （3） the limit case, when the sensors are in the end point of the flexible link. Investigation for a simple rigid-flexible model with one mode, in the three cases, the PID and LQR controller performance are damage. To deal with this kind of problem, new control techniques should be developed.