Sodium hypochlorite was used to treat the standard molybdenum concentrates; the oxidization conditions for sodium hypochlorite were investigated, and the electro-oxidation process was performed. The results indicate t...Sodium hypochlorite was used to treat the standard molybdenum concentrates; the oxidization conditions for sodium hypochlorite were investigated, and the electro-oxidation process was performed. The results indicate that in the suitable conditions, such as temperature around 25℃, NaCl concentration 4.0mol/L, mass ratio of ore slurry liquid to solid （mL/mS） 20, electric charge per gram Mo 0.522C, pH value of original slurry 8, anodic current density 700A·m-2 （cell potential 2.72.9V）, the Mo leaching rate and the current efficiency reach 98% and 36%, respectively. In order to overcome some shortages of the electro-oxidation process, such as low current efficiency, low Mo concentration in the leaching solution, ultrasonic was adopted to intensify the leaching process. The results show that the Mo leaching rate exceeds 98%, current efficiency increases from 36% to 50% and the Mo concentration in the leaching solution reaches about 60g/L at low mL/mS of 8 and low electric charge of 0.373C.展开更多
The removal of molybdenum from a copper ore concentrate by sodium hypochlorite leaching was investigated. The results show that leaching time,liquid to solid ratio,leaching temperature,agitation speed,and sodium hypoc...The removal of molybdenum from a copper ore concentrate by sodium hypochlorite leaching was investigated. The results show that leaching time,liquid to solid ratio,leaching temperature,agitation speed,and sodium hypochlorite and sodium hydroxide concentrations all have a significant effect on the removal of molybdenum.The optimum process operating parameters were found to be：time,4 h;sodium hydroxide concentration,10%;sodium hypochlorite concentration,8%;liquid to solid ratio,10：1;temperature,50℃;and, agitation speed,500 r/min.Under these conditions the extraction of molybdenum is greater than 99,9%and the extraction of copper is less than 0.01%.A shrinking particle model could be used to describe the leaching process.The apparent activation energy of the dissolution reaction was found to be approximately 8.8 kJ/mol.展开更多
Anodic films were successfully fabricated on Ti6A14V alloy by anodic oxidation method in an environmental friendly electrolyte with and without sodium hypochlorite. The anodic films were characterized by means of the ...Anodic films were successfully fabricated on Ti6A14V alloy by anodic oxidation method in an environmental friendly electrolyte with and without sodium hypochlorite. The anodic films were characterized by means of the scanning electron microscope （SEM） and energy dispersive spectrometer （EDS）. Results revealed that the addition of sodium hypochlorite leads to the ultrafast growth of oxide films, and results in the significant changes of morphology and thickness. The influence of sodium hypochlorite on formation and crystallization of oxide films as a function of anodizing time was discussed. Meanwhile, potentiodynamic electrochemical tests and dry sliding wear tests were performed to evaluate the corrosion resistance and tribological properties of oxide films. It was found that the oxide film fabricated with the existence of sodium hypochlorite had improved corrosion resistance and tribological properties than the one formed without sodium hypochlorite. Moreover, the effect mechanism of sodium hypochlorite on the growth rate and surface morphologies of oxide films during the anodizing process was discussed. It was found that hypochlorite ions participated in the reaction on anode which causes the rapid growth of oxide films and then affect the whole anodizing process.展开更多
Some farmland soils in Shanghai had high salinity levels, suggesting secondary salinization of the soils. The soil problems in Shanghai were studied, including the salinity and nitrate nitrogen (NO -3 -N) concentratio...Some farmland soils in Shanghai had high salinity levels, suggesting secondary salinization of the soils. The soil problems in Shanghai were studied, including the salinity and nitrate nitrogen (NO -3 -N) concentrations, heavy metal pollution characteristics, and organochlorine pesticide (OCP) residual levels and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contents. Accumulation of NO -3 -N in vegetable soils was the most significant among different functional soils. Heavy metal pollution was significant in the samples collected from the sewage-irrigated land and roadside. The identification of the metal sources through multivariate statistical analysis indicated that Pb, Zn, Cu and Cr in urban soils were from the traffic pollutants; excessive application of fertilizer and irrigation were the main reasons for the metal pollution in agricultural soils; Ni in the observed soils was controlled by parent soils. OCPs could still be detected in farmland soils but degraded greatly in last 20 years after prohibition of their usage. PAHs with 2-3 rings were the main components in industrial soils. The concentrated PAHs in the investigated soils were likely from petroleum and coal combustion.展开更多
The effects of various parameters on the removal rate of CN were discussed in the paper. The results showed that under the conditions of 30℃ pH = 3.0, Fe2＋ dosage was 80 mg/L, the NaCIO concentration of 0.10 mol/L, ...The effects of various parameters on the removal rate of CN were discussed in the paper. The results showed that under the conditions of 30℃ pH = 3.0, Fe2＋ dosage was 80 mg/L, the NaCIO concentration of 0.10 mol/L, reaction time in 60 min, Fe2＋ has a satisfactory catalytic activation, and the removal rate of CN was about 37.89%.展开更多
A comparison of Arternia cysts hatching （Artemia franciscana） were conducted on bleaching and non-bleaching with sodium hypochloride on five dilution of salt solution by using sea water, sea salt solution, artificia...A comparison of Arternia cysts hatching （Artemia franciscana） were conducted on bleaching and non-bleaching with sodium hypochloride on five dilution of salt solution by using sea water, sea salt solution, artificial sea salt solutions, iodine added cooking salt solution, and rock salt solutions. All solutions were adjusted at 30 ppt of salinity in 1 litter cylinder. The experiment was carried out with Factorial Experiment in CRD. After 24 hours, a randomized count of living Artemia was taken a photograph of Artemia size by stereo microscope. A statistic analysis showed that all data of bleaching and non-bleaching were no significant difference （P 〉 0.05）. The hatching ability of Artemia cysts in solutions was examined and the results showed that sea salt solution was 327.33 × 103.4. 28,536.5263 Nauplii/liter, sea water 316 ×10^3± 20,420.5779 Nauplii/liter, artificial sea salt solutions 314.33× 10^3 ± 34,268.5473 Nauplii/liter, iodine added cooking salt solution 309.66 ± 10^3 .4- 22,898.3260 Nauplii/liter, and rock salt solutions 305.33 ± 10^3 ± 25,579.9401 Nauplii/liter, respectively. The body length of Artemia was compared and the data showed that there was no significant difference （P 〉 0.05）. The highest body length was found in sea salt solution 527.32 ± 4.70μm, sea water 521.65±8.51 μm, artificial sea salt solutions 522.08 ± 10.04 μm, iodine added cooking salt solution 522.67 ±7.87 μm, and rock salt solutions 516.33 ±11.15μm, respectively.展开更多
To investigate the structural features and provide an alternative method for high value-added utilization of coal, Lingwu coal was first extracted with organic solvent at room temperature. Then its extraction residue ...To investigate the structural features and provide an alternative method for high value-added utilization of coal, Lingwu coal was first extracted with organic solvent at room temperature. Then its extraction residue was oxidized in aqueous sodium hypochlorite(ASHC) under mild conditions. The effects of oxidation conditions, such as temperature, reaction time, the ratio of Lingwu coal extraction residue(LCER, g) to ASHC(m L) and p H value, on the product distributions and compositions were investigated. The results of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(GC/MS) suggested that 53 kinds of methyl esterified products were detected in total, and benzene carboxylic acids were the main oxidation products, while chloro-substituted benzene carboxylic acids were the main by-products. Higher yield and fewer kinds of organic acids could be obtained at lower p H value, especially for the main objective product, benzene carboxylic acids.展开更多
The launderability of wool fabrics treated by nano finoshing agent influences directly the functional endurance of he treated wool fabric. In order to investigate the effect of wool fibers surface modification on the ...The launderability of wool fabrics treated by nano finoshing agent influences directly the functional endurance of he treated wool fabric. In order to investigate the effect of wool fibers surface modification on the functional erdurance of nano finishinp wool fibers, in this paper, for the first time wool fibers were chemically modified by using NaClO aqueous and KMnO4 aqueous, and then chemically modified wool fibers and native wool fibers were treated using nano ZnO finishing agent, respectively. The launderability of wool fibers treated by nano finishing agent was investigated. The experimental results show that the chemically modified wool fibers have a good launderaility after being treated by nano ZnO finishing agent treating. The surface morphologies of wool fibers were observed by using SEM. It is got that there is a strong adbesion between nano ZnO and wool surface through XPS analysis.展开更多
文摘Sodium hypochlorite was used to treat the standard molybdenum concentrates; the oxidization conditions for sodium hypochlorite were investigated, and the electro-oxidation process was performed. The results indicate that in the suitable conditions, such as temperature around 25℃, NaCl concentration 4.0mol/L, mass ratio of ore slurry liquid to solid （mL/mS） 20, electric charge per gram Mo 0.522C, pH value of original slurry 8, anodic current density 700A·m-2 （cell potential 2.72.9V）, the Mo leaching rate and the current efficiency reach 98% and 36%, respectively. In order to overcome some shortages of the electro-oxidation process, such as low current efficiency, low Mo concentration in the leaching solution, ultrasonic was adopted to intensify the leaching process. The results show that the Mo leaching rate exceeds 98%, current efficiency increases from 36% to 50% and the Mo concentration in the leaching solution reaches about 60g/L at low mL/mS of 8 and low electric charge of 0.373C.
基金the 11th Five-Year Plan of the National Scientific and Technological Program of China(No. 2007BAB22B01)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50704036).
文摘The removal of molybdenum from a copper ore concentrate by sodium hypochlorite leaching was investigated. The results show that leaching time,liquid to solid ratio,leaching temperature,agitation speed,and sodium hypochlorite and sodium hydroxide concentrations all have a significant effect on the removal of molybdenum.The optimum process operating parameters were found to be：time,4 h;sodium hydroxide concentration,10%;sodium hypochlorite concentration,8%;liquid to solid ratio,10：1;temperature,50℃;and, agitation speed,500 r/min.Under these conditions the extraction of molybdenum is greater than 99,9%and the extraction of copper is less than 0.01%.A shrinking particle model could be used to describe the leaching process.The apparent activation energy of the dissolution reaction was found to be approximately 8.8 kJ/mol.
基金Project(51271012)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Anodic films were successfully fabricated on Ti6A14V alloy by anodic oxidation method in an environmental friendly electrolyte with and without sodium hypochlorite. The anodic films were characterized by means of the scanning electron microscope （SEM） and energy dispersive spectrometer （EDS）. Results revealed that the addition of sodium hypochlorite leads to the ultrafast growth of oxide films, and results in the significant changes of morphology and thickness. The influence of sodium hypochlorite on formation and crystallization of oxide films as a function of anodizing time was discussed. Meanwhile, potentiodynamic electrochemical tests and dry sliding wear tests were performed to evaluate the corrosion resistance and tribological properties of oxide films. It was found that the oxide film fabricated with the existence of sodium hypochlorite had improved corrosion resistance and tribological properties than the one formed without sodium hypochlorite. Moreover, the effect mechanism of sodium hypochlorite on the growth rate and surface morphologies of oxide films during the anodizing process was discussed. It was found that hypochlorite ions participated in the reaction on anode which causes the rapid growth of oxide films and then affect the whole anodizing process.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 40730526 and 40701164)the National Maritime Bureau of China (Nos. HAD1 and HAD2)the Shanghai Tongji Gao Tingyao Environmental Science and Technology Development Foundation of China
文摘Some farmland soils in Shanghai had high salinity levels, suggesting secondary salinization of the soils. The soil problems in Shanghai were studied, including the salinity and nitrate nitrogen (NO -3 -N) concentrations, heavy metal pollution characteristics, and organochlorine pesticide (OCP) residual levels and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contents. Accumulation of NO -3 -N in vegetable soils was the most significant among different functional soils. Heavy metal pollution was significant in the samples collected from the sewage-irrigated land and roadside. The identification of the metal sources through multivariate statistical analysis indicated that Pb, Zn, Cu and Cr in urban soils were from the traffic pollutants; excessive application of fertilizer and irrigation were the main reasons for the metal pollution in agricultural soils; Ni in the observed soils was controlled by parent soils. OCPs could still be detected in farmland soils but degraded greatly in last 20 years after prohibition of their usage. PAHs with 2-3 rings were the main components in industrial soils. The concentrated PAHs in the investigated soils were likely from petroleum and coal combustion.
文摘The effects of various parameters on the removal rate of CN were discussed in the paper. The results showed that under the conditions of 30℃ pH = 3.0, Fe2＋ dosage was 80 mg/L, the NaCIO concentration of 0.10 mol/L, reaction time in 60 min, Fe2＋ has a satisfactory catalytic activation, and the removal rate of CN was about 37.89%.
文摘A comparison of Arternia cysts hatching （Artemia franciscana） were conducted on bleaching and non-bleaching with sodium hypochloride on five dilution of salt solution by using sea water, sea salt solution, artificial sea salt solutions, iodine added cooking salt solution, and rock salt solutions. All solutions were adjusted at 30 ppt of salinity in 1 litter cylinder. The experiment was carried out with Factorial Experiment in CRD. After 24 hours, a randomized count of living Artemia was taken a photograph of Artemia size by stereo microscope. A statistic analysis showed that all data of bleaching and non-bleaching were no significant difference （P 〉 0.05）. The hatching ability of Artemia cysts in solutions was examined and the results showed that sea salt solution was 327.33 × 103.4. 28,536.5263 Nauplii/liter, sea water 316 ×10^3± 20,420.5779 Nauplii/liter, artificial sea salt solutions 314.33× 10^3 ± 34,268.5473 Nauplii/liter, iodine added cooking salt solution 309.66 ± 10^3 .4- 22,898.3260 Nauplii/liter, and rock salt solutions 305.33 ± 10^3 ± 25,579.9401 Nauplii/liter, respectively. The body length of Artemia was compared and the data showed that there was no significant difference （P 〉 0.05）. The highest body length was found in sea salt solution 527.32 ± 4.70μm, sea water 521.65±8.51 μm, artificial sea salt solutions 522.08 ± 10.04 μm, iodine added cooking salt solution 522.67 ±7.87 μm, and rock salt solutions 516.33 ±11.15μm, respectively.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China("973" Program,No.2011CB215302)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21206188 and 21106177)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2012M511339)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2011QNA23)
文摘To investigate the structural features and provide an alternative method for high value-added utilization of coal, Lingwu coal was first extracted with organic solvent at room temperature. Then its extraction residue was oxidized in aqueous sodium hypochlorite(ASHC) under mild conditions. The effects of oxidation conditions, such as temperature, reaction time, the ratio of Lingwu coal extraction residue(LCER, g) to ASHC(m L) and p H value, on the product distributions and compositions were investigated. The results of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(GC/MS) suggested that 53 kinds of methyl esterified products were detected in total, and benzene carboxylic acids were the main oxidation products, while chloro-substituted benzene carboxylic acids were the main by-products. Higher yield and fewer kinds of organic acids could be obtained at lower p H value, especially for the main objective product, benzene carboxylic acids.
文摘The launderability of wool fabrics treated by nano finoshing agent influences directly the functional endurance of he treated wool fabric. In order to investigate the effect of wool fibers surface modification on the functional erdurance of nano finishinp wool fibers, in this paper, for the first time wool fibers were chemically modified by using NaClO aqueous and KMnO4 aqueous, and then chemically modified wool fibers and native wool fibers were treated using nano ZnO finishing agent, respectively. The launderability of wool fibers treated by nano finishing agent was investigated. The experimental results show that the chemically modified wool fibers have a good launderaility after being treated by nano ZnO finishing agent treating. The surface morphologies of wool fibers were observed by using SEM. It is got that there is a strong adbesion between nano ZnO and wool surface through XPS analysis.
