A facile and efficient procedure has been developed systematically for the oxidative cleavage of cinna-maldehyde to benzaldehyde by sodium hypochlorite with water as the only solvent in the presence of β-cyclodextrin...A facile and efficient procedure has been developed systematically for the oxidative cleavage of cinna-maldehyde to benzaldehyde by sodium hypochlorite with water as the only solvent in the presence of β-cyclodextrin （abbreviated as β-CD）. Different factors influencing cinnamaldehyde oxidation e.g. reaction temperature, the amount of catalyst and oxidant, have been investigated. The yield of benzaldehyde reaches 76% under the optimum conditions （333 K, 4 h, molar ratio of cinnamaldehyde to β-CD is 1：1）. Furthermore, a feasible reaction mecha-nism including the formation of benzaldehyde and the two main byproducts （phenylacetaldehyde and epoxide of cinnamaldehyde） has been proposed.展开更多
To investigate the structural features and provide an alternative method for high value-added utilization of coal, Lingwu coal was first extracted with organic solvent at room temperature. Then its extraction residue ...To investigate the structural features and provide an alternative method for high value-added utilization of coal, Lingwu coal was first extracted with organic solvent at room temperature. Then its extraction residue was oxidized in aqueous sodium hypochlorite(ASHC) under mild conditions. The effects of oxidation conditions, such as temperature, reaction time, the ratio of Lingwu coal extraction residue(LCER, g) to ASHC(m L) and p H value, on the product distributions and compositions were investigated. The results of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(GC/MS) suggested that 53 kinds of methyl esterified products were detected in total, and benzene carboxylic acids were the main oxidation products, while chloro-substituted benzene carboxylic acids were the main by-products. Higher yield and fewer kinds of organic acids could be obtained at lower p H value, especially for the main objective product, benzene carboxylic acids.展开更多
A comparison of Arternia cysts hatching （Artemia franciscana） were conducted on bleaching and non-bleaching with sodium hypochloride on five dilution of salt solution by using sea water, sea salt solution, artificia...A comparison of Arternia cysts hatching （Artemia franciscana） were conducted on bleaching and non-bleaching with sodium hypochloride on five dilution of salt solution by using sea water, sea salt solution, artificial sea salt solutions, iodine added cooking salt solution, and rock salt solutions. All solutions were adjusted at 30 ppt of salinity in 1 litter cylinder. The experiment was carried out with Factorial Experiment in CRD. After 24 hours, a randomized count of living Artemia was taken a photograph of Artemia size by stereo microscope. A statistic analysis showed that all data of bleaching and non-bleaching were no significant difference （P 〉 0.05）. The hatching ability of Artemia cysts in solutions was examined and the results showed that sea salt solution was 327.33 × 103.4. 28,536.5263 Nauplii/liter, sea water 316 ×10^3± 20,420.5779 Nauplii/liter, artificial sea salt solutions 314.33× 10^3 ± 34,268.5473 Nauplii/liter, iodine added cooking salt solution 309.66 ± 10^3 .4- 22,898.3260 Nauplii/liter, and rock salt solutions 305.33 ± 10^3 ± 25,579.9401 Nauplii/liter, respectively. The body length of Artemia was compared and the data showed that there was no significant difference （P 〉 0.05）. The highest body length was found in sea salt solution 527.32 ± 4.70μm, sea water 521.65±8.51 μm, artificial sea salt solutions 522.08 ± 10.04 μm, iodine added cooking salt solution 522.67 ±7.87 μm, and rock salt solutions 516.33 ±11.15μm, respectively.展开更多
Performance of simultaneous desulfurization and denitration using the solution of NaClO2 and NaClO as new-style complex absorbent was investigated experimentally in self-designed bench scale bubbling reactor. The effe...Performance of simultaneous desulfurization and denitration using the solution of NaClO2 and NaClO as new-style complex absorbent was investigated experimentally in self-designed bench scale bubbling reactor. The effects of main parameters, such as the concentrations of NaClO2 and of NaClO, solution pH and reaction temperature and so on, on removal efficiencies of SO2 and NOx, were examined, then the optimal conditions were established, in which the molar ratio of NaClO to NaClO2 was 1：1, the reaction temperature was 50℃ and the solution pH was 5.5. The removal efficiencies of SO2 and NO under the optimal conditions were 100% and 89.2%, respectively. The mechanism of simultaneous removal based on complex absorbent was proposed by analyzing the removal products and the electrode potentials of related species, namely SO2 and NO are oxi- dized by chlorite anion, hypochlorite, chlorine dioxide and chlorine contained in complex absorbent. In thermodynamic aspect, simultaneous desulfurization and denitration reactions in liquid phase can happen spontaneously and completely, and are all exothermic reactions. It was confirmed by kinetics that for simultaneous desulfurization and denitration, the reaction order and average activation energy of SO2 were 1 and 21.6 kJ·mol^-1, respectively, and those of NO were 1 and 8.2 kJ·mol^-1, respectively.展开更多
基金Supported by the National＇Natural Science Foundation of China （21036009, 21176268）, the Higher-level Talent Project tor Guangdong Provincial Universities and the Fundamental.Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘A facile and efficient procedure has been developed systematically for the oxidative cleavage of cinna-maldehyde to benzaldehyde by sodium hypochlorite with water as the only solvent in the presence of β-cyclodextrin （abbreviated as β-CD）. Different factors influencing cinnamaldehyde oxidation e.g. reaction temperature, the amount of catalyst and oxidant, have been investigated. The yield of benzaldehyde reaches 76% under the optimum conditions （333 K, 4 h, molar ratio of cinnamaldehyde to β-CD is 1：1）. Furthermore, a feasible reaction mecha-nism including the formation of benzaldehyde and the two main byproducts （phenylacetaldehyde and epoxide of cinnamaldehyde） has been proposed.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China("973" Program,No.2011CB215302)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21206188 and 21106177)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2012M511339)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2011QNA23)
文摘To investigate the structural features and provide an alternative method for high value-added utilization of coal, Lingwu coal was first extracted with organic solvent at room temperature. Then its extraction residue was oxidized in aqueous sodium hypochlorite(ASHC) under mild conditions. The effects of oxidation conditions, such as temperature, reaction time, the ratio of Lingwu coal extraction residue(LCER, g) to ASHC(m L) and p H value, on the product distributions and compositions were investigated. The results of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(GC/MS) suggested that 53 kinds of methyl esterified products were detected in total, and benzene carboxylic acids were the main oxidation products, while chloro-substituted benzene carboxylic acids were the main by-products. Higher yield and fewer kinds of organic acids could be obtained at lower p H value, especially for the main objective product, benzene carboxylic acids.
文摘A comparison of Arternia cysts hatching （Artemia franciscana） were conducted on bleaching and non-bleaching with sodium hypochloride on five dilution of salt solution by using sea water, sea salt solution, artificial sea salt solutions, iodine added cooking salt solution, and rock salt solutions. All solutions were adjusted at 30 ppt of salinity in 1 litter cylinder. The experiment was carried out with Factorial Experiment in CRD. After 24 hours, a randomized count of living Artemia was taken a photograph of Artemia size by stereo microscope. A statistic analysis showed that all data of bleaching and non-bleaching were no significant difference （P 〉 0.05）. The hatching ability of Artemia cysts in solutions was examined and the results showed that sea salt solution was 327.33 × 103.4. 28,536.5263 Nauplii/liter, sea water 316 ×10^3± 20,420.5779 Nauplii/liter, artificial sea salt solutions 314.33× 10^3 ± 34,268.5473 Nauplii/liter, iodine added cooking salt solution 309.66 ± 10^3 .4- 22,898.3260 Nauplii/liter, and rock salt solutions 305.33 ± 10^3 ± 25,579.9401 Nauplii/liter, respectively. The body length of Artemia was compared and the data showed that there was no significant difference （P 〉 0.05）. The highest body length was found in sea salt solution 527.32 ± 4.70μm, sea water 521.65±8.51 μm, artificial sea salt solutions 522.08 ± 10.04 μm, iodine added cooking salt solution 522.67 ±7.87 μm, and rock salt solutions 516.33 ±11.15μm, respectively.
文摘Performance of simultaneous desulfurization and denitration using the solution of NaClO2 and NaClO as new-style complex absorbent was investigated experimentally in self-designed bench scale bubbling reactor. The effects of main parameters, such as the concentrations of NaClO2 and of NaClO, solution pH and reaction temperature and so on, on removal efficiencies of SO2 and NOx, were examined, then the optimal conditions were established, in which the molar ratio of NaClO to NaClO2 was 1：1, the reaction temperature was 50℃ and the solution pH was 5.5. The removal efficiencies of SO2 and NO under the optimal conditions were 100% and 89.2%, respectively. The mechanism of simultaneous removal based on complex absorbent was proposed by analyzing the removal products and the electrode potentials of related species, namely SO2 and NO are oxi- dized by chlorite anion, hypochlorite, chlorine dioxide and chlorine contained in complex absorbent. In thermodynamic aspect, simultaneous desulfurization and denitration reactions in liquid phase can happen spontaneously and completely, and are all exothermic reactions. It was confirmed by kinetics that for simultaneous desulfurization and denitration, the reaction order and average activation energy of SO2 were 1 and 21.6 kJ·mol^-1, respectively, and those of NO were 1 and 8.2 kJ·mol^-1, respectively.
