The arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian（ALE） adaptive remeshing technology and the HyperXtrude software of transient finite element simulations were used on analogue simulation of aluminium extrusion processing.The field ...The arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian（ALE） adaptive remeshing technology and the HyperXtrude software of transient finite element simulations were used on analogue simulation of aluminium extrusion processing.The field distributions of strain rate,stress,temperature and velocity of metal flow were obtained.The results are basically consistent with the experiment,which indicates that this method may successfully predict the defects in the actual extrusion process.展开更多
Base d on fluid velocity potential, an ALE finite element formulation for the analysi s of nonlinear sloshing problems has been developed. The ALE kinemat ical description is introduced to move the computational mesh...Base d on fluid velocity potential, an ALE finite element formulation for the analysi s of nonlinear sloshing problems has been developed. The ALE kinemat ical description is introduced to move the computational mesh independently of f luid motion, and the container fixed noninertial coordinate system is employed to establish the governing equations so that the mesh is needed to be updated in this coordinate system only. This leads to a very simple mesh moving algorithm which makes it easy to trace the motion of the moving boundaries and the free su rface without producing undesirable distortion of the computational mesh. The fi nite element method and finite difference method are used spacewise and timewise , respectively. A numerical example involving either forced horizontal oscillati on or forced pitching oscillation of the fluid filled container is presented to illustrate the effectiveness and the robustness of the method. In additi on, this work can be extended for the fluid structure interaction problems.展开更多
With the Directive No. 2013/34/EU dated June 26, 2013, the Parliament and the European Council have decreed a new era for the financial statements of companies in the EU member countries. The introduction of the new d...With the Directive No. 2013/34/EU dated June 26, 2013, the Parliament and the European Council have decreed a new era for the financial statements of companies in the EU member countries. The introduction of the new directive aims to improve the coverage information of the accounting document and to begin a process of simplification of administrative burdens and standards for the preparation and publication of the financial statements. In Italy, the directive must be transposed by July 20, 2015 for which the associations of accountants are evaluating the specific contents of the new rules to make applications for Italian companies. Some of the new rules and above all part of the new structures of the schemes of the financial statements are quite different from the approaches currently in use for which very heated discussions are taking place.展开更多
When we look at the possibility of women occupying top management positions, gender stereotypes are still quite strong. Especially in the past, women＇s professional capabilities and competencies were mostly ignored, ...When we look at the possibility of women occupying top management positions, gender stereotypes are still quite strong. Especially in the past, women＇s professional capabilities and competencies were mostly ignored, both in family firms, and in non-family business. Many wives and daughters, and women in general, had played several roles in firms, but often they were invisible, with no consideration and no monetary gain. Women commonly were not respected and they had no chance to show their capabilities （Dumas, 1998）. Even though women CEOs and founders are an emerging phenomenon, nowadays, still many obstacles, stereotypes and mistrust are preventing women from reaching important positions also in family owned business. In today＇s world of family ambition and increasing gender neutrality, women＇s roles encompass higher achievement in organizational hierarchies. Particularly in the last decades, great advancement in the involvement of women in entrepreneurial and managerial roles, especially in family owned businesses, has been achieved, and the situation is changing fast. More and more, wives and daughters are rising to the leadership of family-firms - even in some of the most male-dominated industries （Nelton, 1999）. According to some authors, today women have gone from ＂invisible to invincible＂ （Nelton, 1999）. This paper pursues two main aims： （1） to show the evolution of the women＇s role in family business and to better understand the obstacles/drivers and possible solutions; and （2） to understand the impact of women on family firms considering several aspects such as their leadership styles, and impact on firm＇s strategy, organization, managerialization and performance. In order to summarize the main obstacles and positive aspects concerning the women＇s involvement in family business, we have applied the framework proposed by Martinez Jimenez （2009）. This framework has been used because it helps to better understand which are the obstacles and drivers that impact on the women＇s involvement in family business. The research method is based on the longitudinal analysis of a case study concerning a medium sized family firm operating in the service sector in Europe. The analysis of the case study has confirmed most of the obstacles/weakness and positive aspects/strengths highlighted by the literature. In the period of analysis, an evolution of the role of women among family generations had emerged, as well a less relevant role of obstacles with respect to strengths can be identified.展开更多
Two floating structures in close proximity are very commonly seen in offshore engineering. They are often subjected to steep waves and, therefore, the transient effects on their hydrodynamic features are of great conc...Two floating structures in close proximity are very commonly seen in offshore engineering. They are often subjected to steep waves and, therefore, the transient effects on their hydrodynamic features are of great concem. This paper uses the quasi arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian finite element method （QALE-FEM）, based on the fully nonlinear potential theory （FNPT）, to numerically investigate the interaction between two 3-D floating structures, which undergo motions with 6 degrees of freedom （DOFs）, and are subjected to waves with different incident angles. The transient behaviours of floating structures, the effect of the accompanied structures, and the nonlinearity on the motion of and the wave loads on the structures are the main focuses of the study. The investigation reveals an important transient effects causing considerably larger structure motion than that in steady state. The results also indicate that the accompanied structure in close proximity enhances the interaction between different motion modes and results in stronger nonlinearity causing 2hal-order component to be of similar significance to the fundamental one.展开更多
This paper assesses electoral participation and studies the determinants of such participation, focusing on presidential elections in Cote d＇Ivoire. We use a dataset on elections in Africa and a survey financed by th...This paper assesses electoral participation and studies the determinants of such participation, focusing on presidential elections in Cote d＇Ivoire. We use a dataset on elections in Africa and a survey financed by the European Commission and conducted by the Ivorian Center of Social and Economic Research （CIRES） in 2005. We find a decline in voter turnout since 1990 for both presidential and parliamentary elections. We also find that the probability of voting varies across ethnic groups and significantly increases with education levels, interest in politics, satisfaction with democracy and satisfaction with government but decreases with insecurity during elections. Moreover, we show that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between age and the probability of voting. This probability is higher for men than women and for workers and retirees compared to unemployed, but it is low for students. Concerning the vote choice, we find that relative to the ＂program and party＂ criterion, the probability of choosing the candidate on the basis of his individual characteristics decreases with age, insecurity, satisfaction with democracy while it increases with satisfaction with government and with secondary, university or Koran education level.展开更多
The role of oxides in the formation of hole defects in friction stir welded joint of 2519-T87 aluminum alloy has been investigated by using optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, electron backscatter diffra...The role of oxides in the formation of hole defects in friction stir welded joint of 2519-T87 aluminum alloy has been investigated by using optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, electron backscatter diffraction and electron probe microanalyzer to examine the distribution of oxides and the features of hole defects, and using ABAQUS 3D thermo-mechanical coupling finite element model based on arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian method to simulate the material flow behavior. Oxides exist at the edge of tunnel hole and in the micropores in the joint. Based on distribution of oxygen and material flow behavior, it is believed that the oxides on the surface of the alloy tend to flow down into the bulk along the flow direction of plastic material during friction stir welding, aggregate in the weak region of material flow at the intersection of the shoulder affected zone and the stir pin-tip affected zone, and consequently prevent the material from contacting and diffusing. Due to the insufficient material flow and therefore the small plastic deformation,the pressure is not high enough to compress the accumulated oxides, resulting in hole defects.展开更多
Sloshing has a widespread application in many industries including automotive, aerospace, ship building and motorcycle manufacturing. The goals of sloshing simulation is to first study the sloshing pattern and then im...Sloshing has a widespread application in many industries including automotive, aerospace, ship building and motorcycle manufacturing. The goals of sloshing simulation is to first study the sloshing pattern and then improve the tank design to reduce noise levels, stresses on the structure and optimize the baffle arrangements. In this project simulation of the fluid in tank is studied and the design modification with baffle plate is considered to minimize the sloshing phenomena using Arbitrary Langrangian Eulerian （ALE） method. Also it is explained that there is need to analyze the sloshing phenomena in detail. Arbitrary Langrangian Eulerian finite element methods gain interest for the capability to control mesh geometry independently from material geometry, the ALE methods are used to create a new undistorted mesh for the fluid domain. In this paper we use the ALE technique to solve fuel slosh problem. Fuel slosh is an important design consideration not only for the fuel tank, but also for the structure supporting the fuel tank. Fuel slosh can be generated by many ways： abrupt changes in acceleration （braking）, as well as abrupt changes in direction （highway exit-ramp）. Repetitive motion can also be involved if a sloshing resonance is generated. These sloshing events can in turn affect the overall performance 0fthe parent structure. A finite element analysis method has been developed to analyze this complex event. A new ALE formulation for the fluid mesh can be used to keep the fluid mesh integrity during the motion of the tank. This paper explains the analysis capabilities on a technical level.展开更多
The inter-urban competition seems to be of paramount importance for city-development today. The extensive reliance of competitiveness-oriented urban governance agendas on the knowledge-based, ＂new＂ economy, introduc...The inter-urban competition seems to be of paramount importance for city-development today. The extensive reliance of competitiveness-oriented urban governance agendas on the knowledge-based, ＂new＂ economy, introduced the notion of ＂creativity＂ into discussion on the future of urban development. Though still on the margins of serious urban theory, the discourse on ＂creative cities＂ that emerged in the early 2000s, has already had massive influence on the ways in which cities are managed and transformed in Europe. After examination of how the competitiveness-oriented strategies based on creativity and related to the qualities of place increase cultural and social sustainability of urban transformation and development, this paper briefly rethinks the current urban development policy of the city of Sarajevo in relation to the notion of ＂place＂, by leaning on the contemporary European urban development paradigm. The conclusion points out that the sustainable increase of urban competitiveness in Sarajevo should be pursued by the development projects of urban transformation promoting creative knowledge sector, based on the inclusive cultural urban narratives related to places, thus assuring simultaneous growth of creative knowledge industries and preservation of diverse social geography.展开更多
基金Project (2009A080205003) supported by the Major Science and Technology Project of Guangdong Province,ChinaProject (30815009) supported by the Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacture for Vehicle Body,China
文摘The arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian（ALE） adaptive remeshing technology and the HyperXtrude software of transient finite element simulations were used on analogue simulation of aluminium extrusion processing.The field distributions of strain rate,stress,temperature and velocity of metal flow were obtained.The results are basically consistent with the experiment,which indicates that this method may successfully predict the defects in the actual extrusion process.
文摘Base d on fluid velocity potential, an ALE finite element formulation for the analysi s of nonlinear sloshing problems has been developed. The ALE kinemat ical description is introduced to move the computational mesh independently of f luid motion, and the container fixed noninertial coordinate system is employed to establish the governing equations so that the mesh is needed to be updated in this coordinate system only. This leads to a very simple mesh moving algorithm which makes it easy to trace the motion of the moving boundaries and the free su rface without producing undesirable distortion of the computational mesh. The fi nite element method and finite difference method are used spacewise and timewise , respectively. A numerical example involving either forced horizontal oscillati on or forced pitching oscillation of the fluid filled container is presented to illustrate the effectiveness and the robustness of the method. In additi on, this work can be extended for the fluid structure interaction problems.
文摘With the Directive No. 2013/34/EU dated June 26, 2013, the Parliament and the European Council have decreed a new era for the financial statements of companies in the EU member countries. The introduction of the new directive aims to improve the coverage information of the accounting document and to begin a process of simplification of administrative burdens and standards for the preparation and publication of the financial statements. In Italy, the directive must be transposed by July 20, 2015 for which the associations of accountants are evaluating the specific contents of the new rules to make applications for Italian companies. Some of the new rules and above all part of the new structures of the schemes of the financial statements are quite different from the approaches currently in use for which very heated discussions are taking place.
文摘When we look at the possibility of women occupying top management positions, gender stereotypes are still quite strong. Especially in the past, women＇s professional capabilities and competencies were mostly ignored, both in family firms, and in non-family business. Many wives and daughters, and women in general, had played several roles in firms, but often they were invisible, with no consideration and no monetary gain. Women commonly were not respected and they had no chance to show their capabilities （Dumas, 1998）. Even though women CEOs and founders are an emerging phenomenon, nowadays, still many obstacles, stereotypes and mistrust are preventing women from reaching important positions also in family owned business. In today＇s world of family ambition and increasing gender neutrality, women＇s roles encompass higher achievement in organizational hierarchies. Particularly in the last decades, great advancement in the involvement of women in entrepreneurial and managerial roles, especially in family owned businesses, has been achieved, and the situation is changing fast. More and more, wives and daughters are rising to the leadership of family-firms - even in some of the most male-dominated industries （Nelton, 1999）. According to some authors, today women have gone from ＂invisible to invincible＂ （Nelton, 1999）. This paper pursues two main aims： （1） to show the evolution of the women＇s role in family business and to better understand the obstacles/drivers and possible solutions; and （2） to understand the impact of women on family firms considering several aspects such as their leadership styles, and impact on firm＇s strategy, organization, managerialization and performance. In order to summarize the main obstacles and positive aspects concerning the women＇s involvement in family business, we have applied the framework proposed by Martinez Jimenez （2009）. This framework has been used because it helps to better understand which are the obstacles and drivers that impact on the women＇s involvement in family business. The research method is based on the longitudinal analysis of a case study concerning a medium sized family firm operating in the service sector in Europe. The analysis of the case study has confirmed most of the obstacles/weakness and positive aspects/strengths highlighted by the literature. In the period of analysis, an evolution of the role of women among family generations had emerged, as well a less relevant role of obstacles with respect to strengths can be identified.
基金Supported by EPSRC/FSC (EP/I502033/1) and Leverhulme Trust (ECF/40348), UK
文摘Two floating structures in close proximity are very commonly seen in offshore engineering. They are often subjected to steep waves and, therefore, the transient effects on their hydrodynamic features are of great concem. This paper uses the quasi arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian finite element method （QALE-FEM）, based on the fully nonlinear potential theory （FNPT）, to numerically investigate the interaction between two 3-D floating structures, which undergo motions with 6 degrees of freedom （DOFs）, and are subjected to waves with different incident angles. The transient behaviours of floating structures, the effect of the accompanied structures, and the nonlinearity on the motion of and the wave loads on the structures are the main focuses of the study. The investigation reveals an important transient effects causing considerably larger structure motion than that in steady state. The results also indicate that the accompanied structure in close proximity enhances the interaction between different motion modes and results in stronger nonlinearity causing 2hal-order component to be of similar significance to the fundamental one.
文摘This paper assesses electoral participation and studies the determinants of such participation, focusing on presidential elections in Cote d＇Ivoire. We use a dataset on elections in Africa and a survey financed by the European Commission and conducted by the Ivorian Center of Social and Economic Research （CIRES） in 2005. We find a decline in voter turnout since 1990 for both presidential and parliamentary elections. We also find that the probability of voting varies across ethnic groups and significantly increases with education levels, interest in politics, satisfaction with democracy and satisfaction with government but decreases with insecurity during elections. Moreover, we show that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between age and the probability of voting. This probability is higher for men than women and for workers and retirees compared to unemployed, but it is low for students. Concerning the vote choice, we find that relative to the ＂program and party＂ criterion, the probability of choosing the candidate on the basis of his individual characteristics decreases with age, insecurity, satisfaction with democracy while it increases with satisfaction with government and with secondary, university or Koran education level.
文摘The role of oxides in the formation of hole defects in friction stir welded joint of 2519-T87 aluminum alloy has been investigated by using optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, electron backscatter diffraction and electron probe microanalyzer to examine the distribution of oxides and the features of hole defects, and using ABAQUS 3D thermo-mechanical coupling finite element model based on arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian method to simulate the material flow behavior. Oxides exist at the edge of tunnel hole and in the micropores in the joint. Based on distribution of oxygen and material flow behavior, it is believed that the oxides on the surface of the alloy tend to flow down into the bulk along the flow direction of plastic material during friction stir welding, aggregate in the weak region of material flow at the intersection of the shoulder affected zone and the stir pin-tip affected zone, and consequently prevent the material from contacting and diffusing. Due to the insufficient material flow and therefore the small plastic deformation,the pressure is not high enough to compress the accumulated oxides, resulting in hole defects.
文摘Sloshing has a widespread application in many industries including automotive, aerospace, ship building and motorcycle manufacturing. The goals of sloshing simulation is to first study the sloshing pattern and then improve the tank design to reduce noise levels, stresses on the structure and optimize the baffle arrangements. In this project simulation of the fluid in tank is studied and the design modification with baffle plate is considered to minimize the sloshing phenomena using Arbitrary Langrangian Eulerian （ALE） method. Also it is explained that there is need to analyze the sloshing phenomena in detail. Arbitrary Langrangian Eulerian finite element methods gain interest for the capability to control mesh geometry independently from material geometry, the ALE methods are used to create a new undistorted mesh for the fluid domain. In this paper we use the ALE technique to solve fuel slosh problem. Fuel slosh is an important design consideration not only for the fuel tank, but also for the structure supporting the fuel tank. Fuel slosh can be generated by many ways： abrupt changes in acceleration （braking）, as well as abrupt changes in direction （highway exit-ramp）. Repetitive motion can also be involved if a sloshing resonance is generated. These sloshing events can in turn affect the overall performance 0fthe parent structure. A finite element analysis method has been developed to analyze this complex event. A new ALE formulation for the fluid mesh can be used to keep the fluid mesh integrity during the motion of the tank. This paper explains the analysis capabilities on a technical level.
文摘The inter-urban competition seems to be of paramount importance for city-development today. The extensive reliance of competitiveness-oriented urban governance agendas on the knowledge-based, ＂new＂ economy, introduced the notion of ＂creativity＂ into discussion on the future of urban development. Though still on the margins of serious urban theory, the discourse on ＂creative cities＂ that emerged in the early 2000s, has already had massive influence on the ways in which cities are managed and transformed in Europe. After examination of how the competitiveness-oriented strategies based on creativity and related to the qualities of place increase cultural and social sustainability of urban transformation and development, this paper briefly rethinks the current urban development policy of the city of Sarajevo in relation to the notion of ＂place＂, by leaning on the contemporary European urban development paradigm. The conclusion points out that the sustainable increase of urban competitiveness in Sarajevo should be pursued by the development projects of urban transformation promoting creative knowledge sector, based on the inclusive cultural urban narratives related to places, thus assuring simultaneous growth of creative knowledge industries and preservation of diverse social geography.
