芥菜型油菜欧新A不育细胞质的遗传效应

对芥菜型油菜欧新A不育细胞质的遗传效应进行研究, 以探讨该不育胞质对杂交当代(FO) 结实性和杂种一代(F1) 主要农艺性状的影响, 初步明确该不育细胞质遗传效应的表现特点。结果显示, 欧新A不育胞质对当代结实率表现负效应趋势, 但对不同来源的恢复系该遗传效应有明显的组合特异性; 不育胞质对杂种一代主要农艺性状表现正效应趋势, 且效应在不同恢复源间有显著差异; 不育胞质在主要农艺性状上表现有利于优良株型及高产组合的选育。

芥菜型油菜细胞质雄性不育系及其恢复系的选育研究

以欧新A为母本,贵州地方品种资源为父本,通过测交、回交及定向选择等育种方法,培育出了G098A、G043A等芥菜型油菜细胞质雄性不育系,这类不育系不但具备欧新A的不育性,而且其丰产性状、抗性等方面的表现均优于欧新A。此外,还选育出了恢复系G193,该恢复系的恢复育性程度较高、配合力强、经济性状和抗性较好,属于早熟类型。

The Late Miocene‘ovibovin’bovids in Eurasia

During the Late Miocene,numerous medium to large-sized herbivores,that resemble the living Ovibos in skeletal morphology,dispersed throughout the Holarctic realm and comprised eleven genera:Lantiantragus,Shaanxispira,Tsaidamotherium,Criotherium,Mesembriacerus,Hezhengia,Urmiatherium,Parurmiatherium,Plesiaddax,Sinotragus,and Prosinotragus.These genera are primarily found in eastern Asia,in which nine genera are found in northern China,as well as in countries in eastern Europe and western Asia.They are distinguished by unique characteristics,including a perpendicular braincase,specialized horn cores,and a robust basioccipital.Previous studies have often classified these‘ovibovin’bovids as part of the conventional subfamily/tribe Ovibovinae/Ovibovini,along with extant Ovibos.Nevertheless,an increasing number of studies do not support the monophyly of the subfamily/tribe Ovibovinae/Ovibovini,nor is a close relationship likely between these Late Miocene‘ovibovin’bovids and extant Ovibos.Among the eleven genera of‘ovibovin’bovids,Plesiaddax,Hezhengia,and Urmiatherium are often considered to have a very close relationship and conventionally form the tribe Urmiatheriini.However,previous phylogenetic analyses do not support the monophyly of Urmiatheriini.This paper presents a summary of the transmutation of the terms Ovibovidae/Ovibovinae/Ovibovini/Ovibovina,the temporal and spatial distribution of the Late Miocene‘ovibovin’bovids in Eurasia,the principal characteristics of these taxa,and the previous phylogenetic analyses.

Analysis of Genetic Relationships in Prunus domestica L. in Xinjiang Using ISSR Markers

[Objective] This paper aimed to explore the genetic relationships among different types of Prunus domestica L. in Xinjiang. [Method] The inter-simple se- quence repeat （ISSR） markers were applied to analyze the genetic diversity and relationships among 30 individual plants from 5 types of P. domestica germpiasm resources in Xinjiang. [Result] A total of 317 bands were amplified by 16 selected IS- SR primers. Among the amplified bands, there were 246 polymorphic bands, accounting for 77.60% of the total. The Nei＇s gene diversity index （H） of individuals was 0.266 6. The average Shannon＇s information index （I） of individuals was 0.399 1. And most of the genetic similarity coefficients ranged from 0.555 2 to 0.996 8. It is indicated that the P. domestica germplasm resources have a certain genetic diversity in Xinjiang. The cluster analysis showed that, at the genetic similarity coefficient of 0.719, the 30 individuals were divided into 3 major groups, including a group of introduced European plum varieties, a group of Tacheng Smoked Plum and Tacheng Binzi and a group of Jiashi Smoked Plum and Wild European Plum. While at the genetic similarity coefficient of 0.949, Jiashi Smoked Plum and Wild European Plum were divided into two small groups. [Conclusion] There are very close genetic relationships between Jiashi Smoked Plum and Wild European Plum, and among the introduced European plum varieties, Tacheng Smoked Plum and Tacheng Binzi.

Breeding of a New Early-ripening Cultivar of Chinese Dwarf Cherry 'Xiarihong'

＇Xiarihong＇ is a new early-ripening variety selected from seedlings of Chinese dwarf cherry （Cerasus humilis Bunge） in 2006. The fruits are oblate and have red skin; the flesh is yellow, sour and sweet. The average mass of a fruit is 6.74 g, and a fruit has a half freestone. The content of soluble solids reaches 10.9%, and total sugar and total acid content are 8.20% and 1.81% respectively, so the ratio of total sugar content to total acid content is 4.53; the edible rate is up to 94.51%. In the flesh, calcium, iron, zinc, and vitamin C content are 219.7, 4.4, 1.09, and 182 mg/kg respectively. Fruits ripen in late July in Beijing, and the development period of fruits is 96-101 d. Fruits can be kept for 3-5 d at room temperature, about 20 d in cold storage, and one year under freezing conditions. It can be cultivated in Beijing, flowers and fruits in the next year, with strong yielding ability.

Initiation and evolution of the South China Sea: an overview

Different models have been proposed for the formation and tectonic evolution of the South China Sea （SCS）, including extrusion of the Indochina Peninsula, backarc extension, two-stage opening, proto-SCS dragging, extension induced by a mantle plume, and integrated models that combine diverse factors. Among these, the extrusion model has gained the most attention. Based on simplified physical experiments, this model proposes that collision between the Indian and Eurasian Plates resulted in extrusion of the Indochina Peninsula, which in turn led to opening of the SCS. The extrusion of the Indochina Peninsula, however, should have led to preferential open- ing in the west side of the SCS, which is contrary to observations. Extensional models propose that the SCS was a backarc basin, rifted off the South China Block. Most of the backarc extension models, however, are not compatible with observations in terms of either age or subduction direction. The two-stage extension model is based on extensional basins surrounding the SCS. Recent dating results indeed show two-stage opening in the SCS, but the Southwest Subbasin of the SCS is much younger, which contradicts the two-stage extension model. Here we pro- pose a refined backarc extension model. There was a wide Neotethys Ocean between the Australian and Eurasian Plates before the Indian-Eurasian collision. The ocean floorstarted to subduct northward at ~ 125 Ma, causing backarc extension along the southem margin of the Eurasian Plate and the formation of the proto-SCS. The Neotethys sub- duction regime changed due to ridge subduction in the Late Cretaceous, resulting in fold-belts, uplifting, erosion, and widespread unconformities. It may also have led to the subduction of the proto-SCS. Flat subduction of the ridge may have reached further north and resulted in another backarc extension that formed the SCS. The rollback of the fiat subducting slab might have occurred ~ 90 Ma ago; the second backarc extension may have initiated between 50 and 45 Ma. The opening of the Southwest Subbasin is roughly simultaneous with a ridge jump in the East Sub- basin, which implies major tectonic changes in the sur- rounding regions, likely related to major changes in the extrusion of the Indochina Peninsula.

Disruptive Innovation in the Nordic Countries＇ Healthcare Systems

The Nordic healtheare model is recognized to be one of the most innovative in the world. Here billions of USD are annually invested in developing new treatments, drugs, robots etc. to diagnose and cure diseases. Nevertheless, this study establishes that there is a fundamental shortcoming in the system that supports healthcare innovation： It is strongly biased towards micro-level innovation projects focusing on new products, alternative processes, and new financial solutions. The problem with this approach to support new projects is that the results are created as inventions within the system thus lacking holistic perspectives. This has consequently contributed with increasing costs that are out of proportion with existing budgets. Therefore this study seeks to analyze the current understanding of the Nordic healthcare system from a business model perspective. Here other aspects of the healthcare system are explored to determine if they could be redesigned to promote new types of innovation projects. The purpose of undertaking this task is to challenge the established patterns of the current healthcare innovation support practices. Here the vertical innovation process （VIP） framework, which is a systematic radical innovation model that seeks macro-level outcomes based on standalone inventions （see more below）, is applied to analyze the current state-of-the-art in Nordic healthcare innovation projects. The results determine that very little attention is given to rethink and redesign the healthcare system at a macro-level, and it is discussed that stand-alone inventions ought to be rethought into the entire healthcare system to create a larger impact. Finally, it is argued that existing performance measures are inappropriate to foster projects that innovate the existing system： New measuring points should be developed to promote macro-level projects and to avoid the current rapid increase of costs in the Nordic healthcare system.

扫描·2016欧锦赛

1 6月27日,在法国圣但尼法兰西大球场进行的2016欧锦赛八分之一决赛中,意大利队2:0战胜西班牙队,晋级八强。图为意大利球员基耶利尼(左)与门将布冯拥抱,庆祝胜利。(新华/欧新)26月27日,在法国尼斯进行的2016欧锦赛八分之一决赛中,冰岛队2:1力克英格兰队,晋级八强。图为冰岛球员拉·西于尔兹松(中)凌空倒钩。(新华/欧新)36月25日,在法国巴黎王子公园球场进行的2016欧锦赛八分之一决赛中,威尔士队1:0小胜北爱尔兰队,晋级八强。图为威尔士球员贝尔赛后与女儿庆祝胜利。(新华/欧新)46月25日,瑞士队球员罗德里格斯(右)与波兰队球员布瓦什奇科夫斯基拼抢。当日。

图片新闻

Ⅰ.肯尼亚销毁非法军火11月15日,在肯尼亚首都内罗毕郊外,两名警察注视着燃烧的非法军火。肯尼亚当日销毁5250支非法枪支。肯尼亚一直致力于阻止非法军火在国内流通。(新华社/欧新中文)Ⅱ.悉尼举行阵亡将士纪念日活动11月11日,数干名悉尼民众来到马丁广场,参加阵亡将士纪念日活动,纪念在第一次世界大战中阵亡的军人。第一次世界大战于1918年11月11日结束。图为在澳大利亚悉尼,警察代表在阵亡将士纪念仪式上敬礼。(新华社)

The European New Car Assessment Programme： A historical review

Established in 1997, the European New Car Assessment Programme （Euro NCAP） provides consumers with a safety performance assessment for the majority of the most popular cars in Europe. Thanks to its rigorous crash tests, Euro NCAP has rapidly become an important driver safety improvement to new cars. After ten years of rating vehicles, Euro NCAP felt that a change was necessary to stay in tune with rapidly emerging driver assistance and crash avoidance systems and to respond to shifting priorities in road safety. A new overall rating system was introduced that combines the most important aspects of vehicle safety under a single star rating. The overall rating system has allowed Euro NCAP to continue to push for better fitment and higher performance for vehicles sold on the European market. In the coming years, the safety rating is expected to play an important role in the support of the roll-out of highly automated vehicles.

Earliest fossil fruit record of the genus Paliurus(Rhamnaceae) in Eastern Asia

The genus Paliurus is characterized by its distinctive orbicular-winged fruits and a trilocular(or bilocular) ovary. Macrofossil records suggested this genus was distributed widely in North America, Europe, and Asia during the Paleogene and Neogene, before its present limitation to Eurasia. In this study, we describe some Paliurus fossil winged fruits from the lower part of Youganwo Formation(middle Eocene) and Huangniuling Formation(late Eocene) of the Maoming Basin, South China. These fruits are recognized as Paliurus favonii Unger based on a detailed study on the fossil morphology and cuticle characteristics. This represents the earliest occurrence of Paliurus fossil fruits in eastern Asia, and to date is the world's lowest latitude appearance for this genus. The most ancient records of Paliurus throughout the world are from the middle Eocene of North America and the late Eocene of Japan, leading some researchers to conclude the Paliurus may have originated in North America. Molecular data, however, do not support this hypothesis. The present Paliurus fossil fruits provide new evidence for the origin and phytogeographic history of this genus.

Joining Hands for New Splendor In the New Era

I am delighted to visit Spain,a beautiful and richly endowed kingdom,at the kind invitation of King Felipe VI.This will be the first stop of my trip that takes me to Europe and Latin America for state visits and for the G20Buenos Aires Summit.

A European Investment Boom?

Chinese investors seek opportunities in Europe At present,Chinese investment in Europe is entering a period of rapid growth.China and the European Union（EU）are discussing how to dock their strategic economic development and investment plans together,Shen Danyang,spokesperson of China’s Ministry of Commerce,said at a press briefing in Beijing on July 7.