重塑欧洲性:当代欧洲科幻电影的技术观念、艺术视景与未来想象

当代欧洲科幻电影在发展中表现出续接欧洲艺术传统和人文主义的集体自觉。在题材择取方面深入关注欧洲的历史现实与真实社会问题,并在科幻叙事的技术观念、艺术化视景构建以及面向未来的想象方式等维度上,与类型逐渐固化的好莱坞科幻片保持差异发展,体现出重塑欧洲特性的人文科幻影像价值。

Impact of IFRS adoption on accounting quality in European firms

In this paper it is examined whether firms following International Financial Reporting Standards （IFRS） exhibit higher accounting quality. While IFRS are supposed to improve international comparisons by harmonisation and definition of strong principles, Ball （2006） and Nobes （2006） were concerned about differences in the application of IFRS cross-countries and firms. Barth, Landsman ＆ Lang （2008） stated that the flexibility of principles- based International Accounting Standards （IAS） could create incentives for firms to manage earnings. This paper contributes to analyse the impact of IFRS on accounting quality for European firms. The findings show that for firms in the European Union （EU） IFRS produce a negative effect on accounting quality that continues after 2005, when IFRS becomes mandatory. By contrast, for European firms which are not EU members the IFRS adoption increases accounting quality. These results support the concerns about IFRS application and flexibility and indicate that accounting quality does not improve just because the adoption of IFRS is mandatory.

Remote sensing retrieval of total absorption coefficient in the Bohai Sea

Temporal and spatial patterns of inherent optical properties in the Bohai Sea are very complex. In this paper, we used 77 groups of field data of AOPs （apparent optical properties） and IOPs （inherent optical properties） collected in June, August, and September of 2005 in the Bohai Sea, to retrieve the spectral total absorption coefficient a（2） with the quasi-analytical algorithm （QAA）. For QAA implementation, different bands in the region 680-730 nm （in 5 nm intervals） were selected and compared, to determine the optimal band domain of the reference wavelength. On this basis, we proposed a new algorithm （QAA-Com）, a combination of QAA-685 and QAA-715, according to turbidity characterized by a（440）. The percentage difference of model retrievals in the visible domain was between 4.5%-45.1%, in average of 18.8% for a（2）. The QAA model was then applied to Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer （MERIS） radiometric products, which were temporally and spatially matched with in-situ optical measurements. Differences between MERIS retrievals and in-situ values were in the range 9.2%-27.8% for a（2） in the visible domain. Major errors in satellite retrieval are attributable to uncertainties of QAA model parameters and in-situ measurements, as well as imperfect atmospheric correction of MERIS data by the European Space Agency （ESA）. During a storm surge in April 2009, time series of MERIS images together with the QAA model were used to analyze spatial and temporal variability of the total absorption coefficient pattern in the Bohai Sea. It is necessary to collect more independent field data to improve this algorithm.

Integrated Futures for Europe’s Mountain Regions: Reconciling Biodiversity Conservation and Human Livelihoods

Europe＇s mountains cover nearly half of the continent＇s area and are home to one fifth of the European population. Mountain areas are hotspots of biodiversity and agriculture has played a multifunctional role in defining and sustaining mountain biodiversity. Ongoing trends of agricultural decline are having negative impacts on mountain biodiversity. This paper presents results from an interdisciplinary European research project, BioScene, which investigated the relationship between agriculture and biodiversity in six mountain study areas across Europe to provide recommendations for reconciling biodiversity conservation with social and economic activities through an integrated rural development strategy. BioScene used scenario analysis and stakeholder participation as tools for structuring the analysis of alternative mountain futures. Three main BioScene scenarios were evaluated： Business as Usual （BAIT）, Agricultural Liberalisation （Lib）, Managed Change for Biodiversity （MCB）. BioScene brought together ecologists, economists, sociologists and rural geogra- phers, to carry out interdisciplinary analysis of the scenarios： identifying key drivers of change, assessing the biodiversity consequences and evaluating costeffectiveness. BioScene used a sustainability assessment to integrate the research outputs across natural and social science disciplines to assess the broader sustainability of the scenarios in terms of biodiversity, natural resources, rural development, social development, economic development and institutional capacity. The sustainability assessment showed that the MCB scenario was potentially the most sustainable of the three BioScene scenarios. Through the reconciliation of potentially conflicting objectives, such as conservation, economic development and human livelihoods, and with a strong participatory planning approach, the MCB scenario could represent an alternative approach to BaU for sustainable rural development in Europe＇s mountains. BioScene confirms the necessity for natural and social scientists to work together to seek solutions to environmental problems. Interdisciplinary research can assist with the definition of integrated strategies with the potential to reconcile the ecological, social and economic parameters that determine a sustainable future for European mountain areas.

Performativity of Muslimness： The Exilic Encounters of African Muslims in Europe and the Intersection of Gender Race and Religion

As the construction of identities is said to be within and not outside discourse, identities are thus produced in specific historical and institutional sites and within specific discursive formations and practices. These formations and practices, under which identities are produced, are explored within the Diaspora space of West Yorkshire occupied by Sudanese Muslim women. The paper interrogates Sudanese women＇s identities and questions how the experiences of exile and Diaspora transform women＇s identities and influence the gender roles to which they relate. This study is an attempt to add to migration, refugee, exile and ＂race＂ studies and the studies of Black and religious identity in the Western Diaspora space. The paper maintains that if all identities are thought to operate through exclusion, then identities are constructed through difference. Therefore, the identities of African Muslim women are constructed through the relation to the Other.

Empowering Conditions for Good Water Governance-a Sustainable Model： Vilanculos Case Study （Mozambique）

This article shows the results of the project Empowering conditions for good water governance-a sustainable model： Vilanculos case study （Mozambique）, co-financed by the European Community. This project had the aim of improving sanitary conditions and increasing economic and financial sustainability of water services for the population of Vilanculos. The project has been developed and deployed with cooperation between Acque del Chiampo （an Italian water utility, near Vicenza）, the University of Brescia and the Vilanculos public water service utility, Empresa Mo^ambicana de Agua （EMA）. The paper reports analytical praxis for water distribution measurements, capable of providing essential data about the water network performances, to assess the eventual need for actions in order to solve possible and effective problems of the water service. These practices involve flow and pressure analyses, pinpointing of the network＇s criticalities and leakages by in-situ inspections along the network, managing the valves together with water service utility, as well as the use of a water distribution model to simulate the effects of the proposed interventions and specific software to automatically register bills and payments.

European Explorers＇ Engagements with Sexuality in Indigenous Cultures： The Forsters＇ Interpretations of Tahitian Sexual Practices

While current analyses of European interpretations of non-western cultures are guided by a modern concept of sexuality, this article argues for a more encompassing, historical awareness by drawing historical constructs of sexuality into the analysis. To illustrate the point, it will analyze the accounts of indigenous sexual practices written by the botanist Johann Reinhold Forster and his son Georg, in the wake of Cook＇s voyages. These accounts differ starkly, even though the authors participated in the same expedition. As the post-structural textual analysis of the text makes apparent, each author has a specific concept of sexuality in mind. These perceptions affirm the change taking place in 18th-century European culture, as analyzed by Foucault. Moreover, the textual analysis strongly suggests that their respective views of sexuality impact upon their interpretations of Tahitian culture at large. As a consequence, the article furthers insight into ＂Western＂ ways of interpreting ＂non-western＂ cultures.

Jean-Paul Sartre, Europeans, the ＂Feminine＂ and the Negritude Poems in the Black Orpheus

The paper examines the development of ＂Negro poetry＂ from the Negritude movement through the analysis of Sartre as featured in Black Orpheus （1976）. Following the analysis of Sartre, the author looks at the Black/White binary and its cultural and political context, which is based on the dominance of Europeans over Blacks. Then the author examines how Blacks have attempted to subvert this binary through alternative political stands, such as the practice of anti-racism, and innovative cultural art and literary forms, such as the Negritude movement. Like Sartre, the author focuses on ＂Negro poetry＂ and examines its limits and the challenges it put forth against the White supremacist elements in White dominant culture. The author concludes that while ＂Negro poetry＂ reflects a step forward in the anti-racist development of Black political and cultural identities, it is a limiting method of approach that does not subvert enough White dominant culture. This position enables the author to argue that, for example, the essentialist, racist, and gender--and sex--biases within the representations and images of the ＂feminine＂ and Black women are not sufficiently critically re-represented in ＂Negro poetry＂ of the Negritude movement. The method of this approach is （1） to look at Sartre＇s writing in Black Orpheus, （2） to include the secondary literature of this text within my analysis, （3） to examine sections of ＂Negro poetry＂ as featured in Black Orpheus, and （4） to critically access the racial, sex, and gender dimensions of ＂Negro poetry＂ as they relate to the achievements of the men or artists of the Negritude movement.

Phytogeographic and Syntaxonomic Diversity of High Mountain Vegetation in Dinaric Alps (Western Balkan,SE Europe)

The high alpine and subalpine vegetation of Dinaric Alps is very diverse. These are conditional on genuine patterns of development of the geological substrate, climate, soil and terrain on the mountain world, which are interconnected and spatially, and ecologically away. Also, today high mountain vegetation is extremely important indicator of global changes. In this area are many refugia of glacial biodiversity. Very illustrative example for understanding the specific forms of ecological diversity is high alpine vegetation in the area of the Balkan Peninsula. Vegetation of alpine belt of Western Balkans and Bosnia and Herzegovina is differed by extremely high level of biological and ecological diversity. Climatogenous vegetation are alpine and sub-alpine pastures above of timberline, then extra zonal forms of vegetation - glaciers, rock creeps, breaches of rocks, alpine springs, marsh, and tall greenery. This vegetation is dominant determinant of alpine ecosystems that creates their unique physiognomy and also enables prime production of biomass. It is different with extraordinary floral richness, especially in a number of endemic species and glacier relicts that are included in a large number of phytocoenoses, many of which are of endemic. In syntaxonomic sense, alpine vegetation is differentiated into lo classes： Elyno- Seslerietea, Juncetea trifidi, Salicetea herbaceae,Thalspietea rotundifolii, Asplenietea trichomanis, and Scheuchzerio-Caricetea fuscae, Montio- Cardaminetea, Loiseleurio-Vaccinietea, Mulgedio- Aconitetea and Molinio-Arrhenatheretea. These classes are differentiated into ao vegetation orders, 38 alliances and 19o associations and sub-associations. In total, that is 6o % of communities of total vegetation diversity of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and 12.5% of classes of highest syntaxonomic categories in vegetation diversity of Europe.

Should atrial fibrillation patients with hypertension as an additional risk factor of the CHA2DS2-VASc score receive oral anticoagulation？

Hypertension has been found to be increased a risk of stroke in atrial fibrillation （AF）. Both the European and U.S. guidelines advocate the use of the CHA2DSz-VASc （congestive heart failure, hypertension, age 〉 75 years, diabetes mellitus, stroke/transient ischemic attack, vascular disease, age 65-74 years, sex category） scheme for risk stratification. Although vitamin K antagonists is more effective than acetyl-salicylic acid at preventing ischaemic stroke, its benefit is offs by an increased haemorrhage risk. The risk of ischemic stroke in patients with AF and a CHA2DS2-VASc score of 1 are considered to be low risk and may be not expected to benefit from anticoagulation therapy. Hyper-tension carries an increased risk of ischemic stroke, however, it is also a clear risk factor for hemorrhage in AF. Therefore, the optimal anti-thrombotic management is highlighted in patients with AF with only one risk factor especially hypertension.

Inversion method for multi-point source pollution identification:Sensitivity analysis and application to European Tracer Experiment data

Fast and accurate identification of unknown pollution sources plays a crucial role in the emergency response and source control of air pollution.In this work,the applicability of a previously proposed two-step inversion method is investigated with sensitivity experiments and real data from the first release of the European Tracer Experiment(ETEX-1).The two-step inversion method is based on the principle of least squares and carries out additional model correction through the residual iterative process.To evaluate its performance,its retrieval results are compared with those of two other existing algorithms.It is shown that for those cases with richer measurements,all three methods are less sensitive to errors,while for cases where measurements are sparse,their retrieval accuracy will rapidly decrease as errors increase.From the results of sensitivity experiments,the new method provides higher estimation accuracy and a more stable performance than the other two methods.The new method presents the smallest maximum location error of 18.20 km when the amplitude of the measurement error increases to 100%,and 22.67 km when errors in the wind fields increase to 200%.Moreover,when applied to ETEX-1 data,the new method also exhibits good performance,with a location error of 4.71 km,which is the best estimation with respect to source location.

Influence of Quince Rootstocks on Entomosporium Leaf Spot （Entomosporium mespili） Susceptibility in European Pear cv. Abate Fetel

Entomosporium leaf spot （ELS） is caused by the fungus Fabraea maculata （anamorph： Entomosporium mespili） and affects most pear cultivars and quince rootstocks in Brazil. The aim of this study was to characterize the effect of Adams, EMA and EMC quince rootstocks on ELS in European pear cultivar ＂Abate Fetel＂ in Southern Brazil, during the 2009/2010, 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 growing season. The incidence and severity of disease was quantified weekly in 100 randomly leaves distributed in four medium-height branches per plant with eight replications. Disease progress curves of ELS were constructed and the epidemics compared according to： （1） the beginning of symptoms appearance （BSA）; （2） the time to reach the maximum disease incidence and severity （TRMDI and TRMDS）; （3） area under the incidence and severity disease progress curve （AUIDPC and AUSDPC）. The data were analyzed by linear regression and adjusted for three empirical models： Logistic, Monomolecular and Gompertz. The Abate Fetel cultivar under all rootstocks evaluated was susceptible to E. mespili. However, there were significant differences in ELS intensity among rootstocks evaluated. The highest ELS intensities were observed in combinations with EMA and Adams quince rootstock. Abate Fetel cultivar grafted on EMC quince rootstock showed all epidemiological variables results significantly different when compared with EMA quince rootstock. EMC quince rootstock induced late resistance compared with the other considerated rootstocks. The Logistic model was the most appropriates to describe the ELS progress of Abate Fetel cultivar under all rootstocks evaluated in the edafoclimatic conditions of Southern Brazil, during the 2009/2010, 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 growing season.

Regional analysis and sustainable development： Application of a synthetic sustainability indicator to Galicia and the European Union

In general, investigations carried out to date regarding/measuring systems/systems of measurement of sustainable development present two peculiarities： Either they are of a limited practical nature or they do not allow for comparisons between different areas or economies. Global synthetic indicators are an exception to the above; however they have been scarcely developed. This article designs an index of said characteristics, which is subsequently applied to all the countries within the European Union and to the region of Galicia.

The influence of elevation on soil properties and forest litter in the Siliceous Moncayo Massif,SW Europe

Understanding the effects of elevation and related factors(climate,vegetation) on the physical and chemical soil properties can help to predict changes in response to future climate or afforestation forcings.This work aims to contribute to the knowledge of soil evolution and the classification of forest soils in relation to elevation in the montane stage,with special attention to podzolization and humus forms.The northern flank of the Moncayo Massif(Iberian Range,SW Europe) provides a unique opportunity to study a forest soils catena within a consistent quartzitic parent material over a relatively steep elevation gradient.With increasing elevation,pH,base saturation,exchangeable potassium,and fine silt-sized particles decrease significantly,while organic matter,the C/N ratio,soil aggregate stability,water repellency and coarse sand-sized particles increase significantly.The soil profiles shared a set of properties in all horizons:loamy-skeletal particle-size,extreme acidity(pH-H_2O<5.6) and low base saturation(<50%).The most prevalent soil forming processes in the catena include topsoil organic matter accumulation and even podzolization,which increases with elevation.From the upper to lower landscape positions of wooded montane stage of the Moncayo Massif,mull-moder-mor humus and an UmbrisolCambisol-Podzol soil unit sequences were found.

Why Fixed Slip Devices Can not Measure the Speed Gradient Due to the Pavement？

This paper covers why measurements at various speeds with CFME （continuous friction measurement equipment） are not able to measure the speed-friction gradient of the pavement as determined by the macro-textural features of the surface. Most CFMEs measure friction in the slip ratio range of 10% to 18%. In this range, it is shown that the friction versus slip speed of these devices are mainly determined by the coupled properties of the surface micro-texture and relevant tire properties and to a minimal extent only by pavement macro-texture properties. The determinacy of low slip ratio friction measurements on the macro-textural features of the pavement surface are shown to be so low that they are inadequate to capture macro-texture caused speed degradation of friction. It is also shown in the paper that close to 100% slip ratio measurements at a relatively wide speed scale or direct macro texture measurements are needed to adequately determine the speed gradient if friction caused by the pavement macro-texture. The data and analysis in this paper provide strong and compelling evidence that the EFI （European Friction Index） or EFI developed by the HERMES （Harmonization of European Routine and Research Measuring Equipment for Skid Resistance） project sponsored by FEHRL （Forum of European National Highway Research Laboratories） is strongly affected by the lack of consideration of this phenomenon. It is recommended that the results of the HERMES project are reviewed taking into account the findings of the present paper. Based on the results of the presented paper it is suggested that CFME＇s only measure friction at a fixed speed with a standard tire and use a macro-texture measuring device to obtain the pavement speed gradient.

The Role of Biogas in the Italian Energy Scenario： The Case of “Tempio” Farm

Over the last few years, anaerobic digestion has been widespread in many European countries, including Italy. This technology is used not only for the purpose of recovering renewable energy （biogas） but also to control smelly emissions and to stabilize biomasses before their agronomic use. Therefore, it is necessary to stxengfthen and rationalize systems that exploit anaerobic digestion processes of vanious types ofbiomass （biomass ofzootechnical and agro-industrial biomass, energy crops, crop residues, etc.）, a case in point is the “Tempio” farm. The agricultural world increasingly is interested in the opportunities deriving from the attention to environmental issues linked, for example, to the enhancement of organic waste, the growing energy demand, the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. In particular, the zootechinical sector can be the driving force for the large-scale development of anaerobic digestion, as is already happening in other European realities. The benefits that they can derive are many and are linked to an improvement in the environmental sustainability of farms, the integration of green energy income, the reduction of enviromnental problems related to emissions into the atmosphere and smells and better utilization of agronomic fertilizer elements present in the slurry.

The Alpine Seed Conservation and Research Network–a new initiative to conserve valuable plant species in the European Alps

Safeguarding plants as seeds in ex situ collections is a cost effective element in an integrated plant conservation approach. The European Alps are a regional centre of plant diversity. Six institutions have established a regional network covering the European Alps which will conserve at least 500 priority plant species and which will improve the conservation status of plant species in grassland communities in the subalpine, alpine and nival altitudinal belts. Targeted research will expand the knowledge of the ecology of target speeies. Public engagement activities will raise the awareness for the importance of specific conservation actions in the European Alps.

Study on Running Performance of Flexible Wheels for Lunar Rovers： Relation between Stress Distribution of Flexible Wheel and Running Performance

On lunar exploration missions, the rovers which can move and explore directly are considered by various agency like NASA （National Aeronautics and Space Administration）, JAXA （Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency）, ESA （European Space Agency）. Lunar rovers are required to move on rough terrains such as craters and rear cliffs where it is scientifically very important to explore. However, there is a problem that the rovers have possibility of stack because of the lunar surface is covered with loose soil named Regolith. Therefore, this paper investigates a mechanism of kinetic behavior between the wheels of the exploration rovers and loose soil. And then, this paper proposed a flexible wheel to solve like that problems. The flexible wheel has the surface which can be changed flexibly toward rough terrain. Running experiments on loose soil which imitated regolith were carried out to observe the traversability of the flexible wheel using slip ratio. Traversality of flexible wheel was better than the circular rigid wheel. The authors believe that stress distribution is important. The stress distribution of the flexible wheels is horizontally long and stress value is small. However, the stress distribution can be changed by loaded more weight. Therefore, the relationship between the stress and the running performance was considered using this differential stress distribution. In experiments, the authors used the flexible wheel with simple structure （3 limbs）. From these considerations, the relationship between the stress of the flexible wheel and the running performance was described.

Continental Airlines and China Southern Airlines Announce Strategic Partnership

Frequent flyer reciprocity to start in September;coclesharing to start in November.

Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: Magnetic resonance imaging features according to grade and stage

AIMTo describe magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PanNENs) according to their grade and tumor-nodes-metastases stage by comparing them to histopathology and to determine the accuracy of MR imaging features in predicting their biological behavior.METHODSThis study was approved by our institutional review board; requirement for informed patient consent was waived due to the retrospective nature of the study. Preoperative MR examinations of 55 PanNEN patients (29 men, 26 women; mean age of 57.6 years, range 21-83 years) performed between June 2013 and December 2015 were reviewed. Qualitative and quantitative features were compared between tumor grades and stages determined by histopathological analysis.RESULTSIll defined margins were more common in G2-3 and stage III-IV PanNENs than in G1 and low-stage tumors (P < 0.001); this feature had high specificity in the identification of G2-3 and stage III-IV tumors (90.3% and 96%, 95%CI: 73.1-97.5 and 77.7-99.8). The mean apparent diffusion coefficient value was significantly lower in G2-3 and stage III-IV lesions compared to well differentiated and low-stage tumors (1.09 × 10-3 mm2/s vs 1.45 × 10-3 mm2/s and 1.10 × 10-3 mm2/s vs 1.53 × 10-3 mm2/s, P = 0.003 and 0.001). Receiving operator characteristic analysis determined optimal cut-offs of 1.21 and 1.28 × 10-3 mm2/s for the identification of G2-3 and stage III-IV tumors, with sensitivity and specificity values of 70.8/80.7% and 64.5/64% (95%CI: 48.7-86.6/60-92.7 and 45.4-80.2/42.6-81.3).CONCLUSIONMR features of PanNENs vary according to their grade of differentiation and their stage at diagnosis and could predict the biological behavior of these tumors.