采用斑贴试验检测1%(0.32mg/cm^2)甲基二溴代戊二腈引发的临床相关性接触性变态反应

Recently, the preservative methyldibromo glutaronitrile (MDBGN) at 0.5% w/w in petrolatum was included in the European standard patch test series based on the studies on chemical stability and consideration of rates of contact allergy, doubtful and irritant reactions as well as information on clinical relevance represented by results of a repeated open application test (ROAT) and patch test concentrations required to diagnose allergic contact dermatitis from MDBGN in individual cases. In this report, a case with a clinically relevant contact allergy to MDBGN, which on the mandatory reading occasion on D3 only was traced by a patch test with MDBGN at 1.0% (0.32 mg/cm2), is presented. The patient suffered from a chronic hand dermatitis, and when the patient stopped using a liquid soap containing MDBGN, the hand dermatitis substantially improved. A ROAT performed in a blinded and controlled way with applications twice daily on the hands with 2 moisturizers with and without MDBGN resulted in a deterioration of the hand dermatitis on the hand to which the MDBGN-preserved moisturizer had been applied.

Active explosion barrier performance against methane and coal dust explosions

Preventing the propagation of methane or coal dust explosions through the use of active explosion-suppression systems remains one of the most underutilised explosion controls in underground coal mines. As part of the effort to develop better technologies to safeguard mines, the use of active barrier systems was investigated at Kloppersbos in South Africa. The system is designed to meet the requirements of the European Standard （EN 14591-4 2007） as well as the Mine Safety Standardisation in the Ministry of Coal Industry, Coal Industrial 1 Standard of the Peoples Republic of China （MT 694-1997）. From the tests conducted, it can be concluded that the ExploSpot System was successful in stopping flame propagation for both methane and methane and coal dust hybrid explosions when ammonium phosphate powder was used as the suppression material. The use of this barrier will provide coal mine management with an additional explosion control close to the point of ignition and may find application within longwall faces further protecting mines against the risk of an explosion propagating throughout a mine.

Damaging Formula of the Frost Resistant Concrete with Poor Quality of Coarse Limestone Aggregate

In this paper, concrete with limestone coarse aggregate was studied due to frost action in saline and nonsaline environments. The main focus is to explain the damaging formula of concrete with poor quality of limestone aggregate in frost actions. All investigated concretes fulfill the recommendations of the European standard EN 206, Concrete--Specification, Performance, Production and Conformity limiting values for composition and properties of concrete （maximum W/C （water/cement） ratio, minimal class of compressive strength, minimal mass of cement and minimal percentage of entrained air）. The damaging formula of the frost resistant concrete is studied through scaling test of concrete during freeze/thaw process, frost resistant test of coarse limestone aggregate and chemical analysis of limestone. Experiments results showed that there is a correlation between CaO/MgO ratio and Al2O3 of limestone and frost resistance of concrete, using chemical composition for determining potential ACR （alkali-carbonate reactivity） will indicate higher risk of damaging effect of concrete.

A Critical Examination of the European Standard EN 1504 ＂Products and Systems for Protection and Repair of Concrete Structures＂

The European Standard EN 1504 ＂Products and systems for protection and repair of concrete structures -- Definitions, requirements, quality control and evaluation of conformity＂ can be considered a real milestone for the companies involved in the rehabilitation of buildings, bridges, piers, pipelines, and other civil or industrial concrete structures. However in some cases the examination and, even more, the practical application of the proposed guidelines are made difficult by a complicated sub-division in principles and methods, and by a confusing and repetitive layout. The paper deals in particular with the principles and methods for the rehabilitation of concrete damage due to reinforcement corrosion, often strictly connected, anyway, to those adopted in order to rehabilitate the concrete itself. Suggestions are given for a possible future update of the Standard, based on the personal experience of the Authors.

Lighting Design in Europe： Aligning the Demands for Lower Energy Usage with Better Quality

Lighting design is one of the fastest changing areas in building engineering. It has evolved significantly in recent years due to changing technology and demands for improved quality, better control, reduced energy and sustainability. This paper is an overview of what is happening in Europe and elsewhere and examines the literature to find that latest recommendations in the Code for Lighting issued by the SLL （Society of Light and Lighting） in the UK change previous demands for equal illuminance across a working plane to more specific and demanding criteria. There are recommendations for qualitative metrics and better distribution of light so as to enhance the visual appearance of interiors. European standards are also examined and the LENI （lighting energy numerical indicator） has been found to be a better way of reducing energy than installed load. New LED （light-emitting diode） lamp technology is examined and daylight is discussed in the context of these changing demands. It is found that lighting standards and design are changing for the better but that standards will need to evolve further if they are to ensure good quality lighting.

Minority Protection in Proceedings for the Settlement of Disputes Between Shareholders

“A limited company is more than a mere judicial entity, with a personality in law of its own： Behind it, or amongst it, there are individuals, with rights, expectations and obligations inter se”. The competitive attitude of the member states of the EU （European Union）, to become the most attractive for companies results in law reforms aiming at more flexible conflict between shareholders. Besides, the economic objective of avoiding a company＇s dissolution, the English, Dutch, and Belgian exit proceedings for the settlement of disputes between shareholders set up a social objective： protecting the interests of the minority shareholder of a private limited company. The paper consists of four chapters. The introduction lays out the necessity of buy-outs for shareholders of a private limited company. The first chapter describes the different facts justifying the buy-out of a shareholder on the basis of serious grounds. The second chapter presents the findings of a comparative research of the valuation of the shares transferred in an English, Dutch, and Belgian procedure. Finally, the conclusion summarises in which way the English, Dutch, and Belgian legal system protect the interests of the minority shareholder of a private limited company.

The type specimens of European butterflies from the Linnaeus collection(Lepidoptera:Rhopalocera)

The status of primary types of European butterflies established by C.Linnaeus is revised.Lectotype status is confirmed for 38 taxa.Lectotypes of the following taxa are designated in this paper:Papilio apollo Linnaeus,1758;P.daplidice Linnaeus,1758 and P.palaeno Linnaeus,1761.For the following 18 species-group taxa,the status of primary types changed from lectotypes to holotypes(by monotypy)due to their presence in the Linnean collection by single specimens:Papilio aglaja Linnaeus,1758;P.atalanta Linnaeus,1758;P.boeticus Linnaeus,1767;P.cardui Linnaeus,1758;P.cinxia Linnaeus,1758;P.deianira Linnaeus,1764;P.euphrosyne Linnaeus,1758;P.hero Linnaeus,1761;P.janira Linnaeus,1758;P.jurtina Linnaeus,1758;P.lathonia Linnaeus,1758;P.levana Linnaeus,1758;P.megera Linnaeus,1767;P.paphia Linnaeus,1758;P.polychloros Linnaeus,1758;P.rhamni Linnaeus,1758;P.rubi Linnaeus,1758 and P.sinapis Linnaeus,1758.Butterflies that do not have a pronounced sexual dimorphism and bright and contrasting coloration in the Linnean collection are represented in most cases by a single type specimen.The largest,brightest and most beautiful butterflies in the Linnean collection have a type series of the maximum size(4 specimens).There are no series of 5 or more specimens for European butterflies in Linnaeus’collection.

Creep and Shrinkage of Concrete in Eurocode 2 and Polish Bridge Standards--Necessity for Implementation

Estimation of creep and shrinkage in concrete bridges is still approximate and uncertain. Over the years, Polish Codes for Concrete Structures partially adapted the CEB （Euro-International Concrete Committee）-FIP （International Federation for Prestressing） models used to predict creep and shrinkage of concrete. In the currently used Polish concrete bridge code, modified CEB-FIP 1970 recommendations are used. At the time the standard was implemented, it introduced simple methods for the evaluation of final creep coefficients and shrinkage strains. It was sufficient for simple bridge structures and concrete technology used at that times. As modern bridge structures have become increasingly complex with variable construction techniques and developing concrete technology, the implementation of Eurocode 2 is necessary as it gives more practical and accurate methods for the prediction of creep and shrinkage effects. A comparative analysis of the time-dependent deformation of concrete included in Eurocode 2 and in Polish Bridge Codes is pointing out that there is a necessity for more adequate criteria for the rapidly growing concrete bridge stock in Poland.

Management Practices Towards the Embeddedness of Sustainability in European Universities

This research observed and evaluated the sustainability practices in universities. This study emphasizes the connection between theory and practice in research frame. It is intended by this research using content analysis of UI GreenMetric, universities＇ websites and sustainability annual reports observing universities＇ practices related to sustainability to answer the research question, which is： How are university managements embedding sustainability-oriented practices in sustainability focused European universities as far as CORE system （Curriculum, Operations, Research, and Engagement） is considered？ The employed research methodology mainly relies on content analysis of the studied universities from the UI GreenMetric Sustainable University assessment and ranking index. The UI GreenMetric Sustainable University assessment and ranking index was selected since it considers the Operations, Curriculum, Research, and Engagements （CORE system） of universities with indicators such as Setting and Infrastructure, Energy and Climate Change, Waste, Water, Transportation, and Education. This covers the triple bottom line of sustainability （Environment, Economy, and Society） and other indexes like GASU, AASHE, STARS and others, focused mostly on operational Eco-efficiency. UI GreenMetric index is the first and the only ranking that measures each participating university＇s commitment in developing an ＂environmentally friendly＂ infrastructure. The total sample of the study observed and evaluated in this study are five （5） top European Sustainable Universities according to UI GreenMetric sustainable ranking index. The result shows a significant progress in Operational practices except in the area of Campus Setting and Infrastructure. There was a less significant progress in the Curriculum, Research, and Engagement practices of the CORE system of sustainability-oriented practices which are being integrated into the studied universities. This research provides a state of the art result regarding the embeddedness of sustainable practice in European universities. It has the potential to help any university to better integrate sustainability in their management system.

Risk-analysis-based research and application of land use planning

The establishments which produce,store and use kinds of inflammable,explosive or toxic materials may induce accident,such as fire,explosion or poisonous gas dispersion,etc. Therefore,there is a need to locate these establishments appropriately and conduct land use planning in the vicinity of these establishments based on risk analysis. Consulting advanced experience which obtained from land-use planning in European countries,this paper studied on locating hazardous establishment based on risk index,land-use planning based on consequence-probability,and land-use planning based on individual risk. Frameworks and procedures of the three approaches above were determined and applied to a proposed LNG station. The results show three methods are feasible when major projects' location and their surrounding buildings or establishments' layout are considered.

Development of a novel quality standard of Indigoplant

Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has been widely used in China for thousands of years, and has received more and more recognition worldwide. Indigoplant （Folium Polygoni Tinctorii）, a TCM, has been used in various diseases. In our study, we established a quality standard of Indigoplant according to the European Pharmacopoeia, and this standard has passed the early audit stages of the European Pharmacopoeia Commission. The lndigoplant samples were identified with high performance thin layer chromatography （HPTLC）, qualified with RP-HPLC quantitation, and analyzed with a series of quality tests. An accurate, reliable and robust HPLC method with gradient elution for quantitation was developed and validated with a one-variable-at-a-time （OVAT） robustness approach. Several tests, including the loss on drying, total ash and ash insoluble in hydrochloric acid of Indigoplant, were performed for quality analysis. Furthermore, six batches of the Indigoplant samples were appraised with this quality standard. In conclusion, the established quality standard was more internationally normative and applicable for the quality control of Indigoplant in practical application.

Quality standard study on Dictamni Cortex

As a traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）, Dictamni Cortex is widely used for the treatment of rheumatism and skin diseases. To promote the internationalization of Dictarnni Cortex, we established a recommended quality standard of Dictamni Cortex according to the European Pharmacopoeia （EP） in the present study. Foreign matter, loss on drying, total ash and ash insoluble in hydrochloric acid were determined according to the procedures of EP 8.0. The thin layer chromatography （TLC） identification method was established by using obacunone and fraxinellone as the reference substances. The content of dictarnnine, obacunone and fraxinellone was assayed by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography （RP-HPLC）. Furthermore, we tested 21 batches of the prepared slices of Dictamni Cortex from different regions. The results indicated that the established quality standard was specific, accurate and internationalized, which could be used for the quality control of Dictamni Cortex.