Hypertension has been found to be increased a risk of stroke in atrial fibrillation （AF）. Both the European and U.S. guidelines advocate the use of the CHA2DSz-VASc （congestive heart failure, hypertension, age 〉 7...Hypertension has been found to be increased a risk of stroke in atrial fibrillation （AF）. Both the European and U.S. guidelines advocate the use of the CHA2DSz-VASc （congestive heart failure, hypertension, age 〉 75 years, diabetes mellitus, stroke/transient ischemic attack, vascular disease, age 65-74 years, sex category） scheme for risk stratification. Although vitamin K antagonists is more effective than acetyl-salicylic acid at preventing ischaemic stroke, its benefit is offs by an increased haemorrhage risk. The risk of ischemic stroke in patients with AF and a CHA2DS2-VASc score of 1 are considered to be low risk and may be not expected to benefit from anticoagulation therapy. Hyper-tension carries an increased risk of ischemic stroke, however, it is also a clear risk factor for hemorrhage in AF. Therefore, the optimal anti-thrombotic management is highlighted in patients with AF with only one risk factor especially hypertension.展开更多
Echinococcosis or hydatid disease （HD） is a zoonosis caused by the larval stages of taeniid cestodes belong- ing to the genus Echinococcus. Hepatic echinococcosis is a life-threatening disease, mainly differentiated...Echinococcosis or hydatid disease （HD） is a zoonosis caused by the larval stages of taeniid cestodes belong- ing to the genus Echinococcus. Hepatic echinococcosis is a life-threatening disease, mainly differentiated into alveolar and cystic forms, associated with Echinoc- cus multilocularis （E. multi/ocular/s） and Echinococcus granulosus （E. granulosus） infection, respectively. Cys- tic echinococcosis （CE） has a worldwide distribution, while hepatic alveolar echinococcosis （AE） is endemic in the Northern hemisphere, including North America and several Asian and European countries, like France, Germany and Austria. E. granulosus young cysts are spherical, unilocular vesicles, consisting of an internal germinal layer and an outer acellular layer. Cyst expansion is associated with a host immune reaction and the subsequent development of a fibrous layer, called the per/cyst; old cysts typically present internal septa- tions and daughter cysts. E. multilocularis has a tumor-like, infiltrative behavior, which is responsible for tissue destruction and finally for liver failure. The liver is the main site of HD involvement, for both alveolar and cystic hydatidosis. HD is usually asymptomatic for a long period of time, because cyst growth is commonly slow; the most frequent symptoms are fatigue and abdominal pain. Patients may also present jaundice, hepatomegaly or anaphylaxis, due to cyst leakage or rupture. HD diagnosis is usually accomplished with the combined use of ultrasonography and immunodiagnosis; furthermore, the improvement of surgical techniques, the introduction of minimally invasive treatments [such as puncture, aspiration, injection, re-aspiration （PAIR）] and more effective drugs （such as benzoimidazoles） have deeply changed life expectancy and quality of life of patients with HD. The aim of this article is to provide an up-to-date review of biological, diagnostic, clinical and therapeutic aspects of hepatic echinococcosis.展开更多
AIM： To describe an Internet-based data acquisition facility for a European 10-year clinical follow-up study project of a population-based cohort of inflammatory bowel disease （IBD） patients and to investigate the ...AIM： To describe an Internet-based data acquisition facility for a European 10-year clinical follow-up study project of a population-based cohort of inflammatory bowel disease （IBD） patients and to investigate the influence of demographic and disease related patient characteristics on response rates. METHODS： Thirteen years ago, the European Collaborative study group of IBD （EC-IBD） initiated a population-based prospective inception cohort of 2 201 uniformly diagnosed IBD patients within 20 well- described geographical areas in 11 European countries and Israel. For the 10-year follow-up of this cohort, an electronic patient questionnaire （ePQ） and electronic physician per patient follow-up form （ePpPFU） were designed as two separate data collecting instruments and made available through an Internet-based website. Independent demographic and clinical determinants of ePQ participation were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression.total number of 1 505 （64%） available IBD patients, originating from 13 participating centers from nine different countries, both ePQ and ePpPFU were completed. Patients older than 40 years at ePQ completion （OR： 1.53 （95% CI： 1.14-2.05）） and those with active disease during the 3 mo previous to ePQ completion （OR： 3.32 （95%CI： 1.57-7.03）） were significantly more likely to respond. CONCLUSION： An Internet-based data acquisition tool appeared successful in sustaining a unique Western- European and Israelian multi-center 10-year clinical follow-up study project in patients afflicted with IBD.展开更多
Entomosporium leaf spot （ELS） is caused by the fungus Fabraea maculata （anamorph： Entomosporium mespili） and affects most pear cultivars and quince rootstocks in Brazil. The aim of this study was to characterize ...Entomosporium leaf spot （ELS） is caused by the fungus Fabraea maculata （anamorph： Entomosporium mespili） and affects most pear cultivars and quince rootstocks in Brazil. The aim of this study was to characterize the effect of Adams, EMA and EMC quince rootstocks on ELS in European pear cultivar ＂Abate Fetel＂ in Southern Brazil, during the 2009/2010, 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 growing season. The incidence and severity of disease was quantified weekly in 100 randomly leaves distributed in four medium-height branches per plant with eight replications. Disease progress curves of ELS were constructed and the epidemics compared according to： （1） the beginning of symptoms appearance （BSA）; （2） the time to reach the maximum disease incidence and severity （TRMDI and TRMDS）; （3） area under the incidence and severity disease progress curve （AUIDPC and AUSDPC）. The data were analyzed by linear regression and adjusted for three empirical models： Logistic, Monomolecular and Gompertz. The Abate Fetel cultivar under all rootstocks evaluated was susceptible to E. mespili. However, there were significant differences in ELS intensity among rootstocks evaluated. The highest ELS intensities were observed in combinations with EMA and Adams quince rootstock. Abate Fetel cultivar grafted on EMC quince rootstock showed all epidemiological variables results significantly different when compared with EMA quince rootstock. EMC quince rootstock induced late resistance compared with the other considerated rootstocks. The Logistic model was the most appropriates to describe the ELS progress of Abate Fetel cultivar under all rootstocks evaluated in the edafoclimatic conditions of Southern Brazil, during the 2009/2010, 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 growing season.展开更多
OBJETIVE: To know the prevalence of acupuncturists within physical and rehabilitation medicine specialists in Europe and their characteristics,as well as to analyze the pathologies treated and therapeutic techniques u...OBJETIVE: To know the prevalence of acupuncturists within physical and rehabilitation medicine specialists in Europe and their characteristics,as well as to analyze the pathologies treated and therapeutic techniques used.METHODS: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study based on a structured and closed questionnaire. The study was carried out from October 2011 to May 2014.RESULTS: A total of 115 specialists from 19 countries completed the questionnaire. The mean characteristics of the physical and rehabilitation medicine(PRM) specialists who are also acupuncturists in Europe were: women(62.6 %); mean age of47.91 years old; 4.20 years of physical and rehabilitation medicine school and 2.00 years of acupuncture training; 15.03 years of mean time of clinical practice as physical and rehabilitation medicine specialists and 10.42 years of experience as acupuncturists; 35.65 % had a doctorate(Ph D) degree,obtained at a mean age of 33.55 years old; working in a public hospital(80%); treating mainly neurological conditions(48.1%) and using mainly techniques such as kinesiotherapy(11.81%),orthosis(10.40%) and electrotherapy(9.92%). Acupuncture was applied by 32.2% of the participants mainly in musculoskeletal conditions(27.38%). A mean number of more than 20 patients a day were treated by47.04% of the specialists,being 41.8% of the patients(adults and children). Significant differences were found between the variables,acupuncture and gender(Pearson's correlation Index = 0.007).However,no differences were observed in relation to acupuncture and age,doctorate degree,years of clinical practice and workplace(all with P values >0.05).CONCLUSION: In the European area,physical and rehabilitation medicine specialists who are also acupuncturists are mainly female,middle-aged,with15 years of professional experience,Ph D holders,working in public hospitals,treating mainly neurological conditions with kinesiotherapy and acupuncture,and treating over 20 patients a day(adults and children) during a 7 h shift. Further epidemiological studies on PRM to provide more information regarding the real situation of this medical specialty and the possibility to open to Chinese traditional medicine techniques such as acupuncture are necessary.展开更多
The Catabacteriaceae is a new bacterial family aerobic, non-sporulating, Gram-positive coccobacillus that is with a unique member： Catabacter hongkongensis is a strictly anphylogenetically related to some clostridial...The Catabacteriaceae is a new bacterial family aerobic, non-sporulating, Gram-positive coccobacillus that is with a unique member： Catabacter hongkongensis is a strictly anphylogenetically related to some clostridial clusters. Little is known of its epidemiology and environmental distribution, but the inclusion of its 16S rRNA gene sequence in GenBank has allowed it to be detected qualitatively. As a first approach for prospective surveys, a real-time polymerase chain reaction （PCR） procedure to identify C. hongkongensis has been developed. The presence of Catabacteriaceae in 29 water bodies subjected to possible human or animal impact has been investigated. Four of them were positive. The results confirm that highly polluted water can contain C hongkongensis.展开更多
文摘Hypertension has been found to be increased a risk of stroke in atrial fibrillation （AF）. Both the European and U.S. guidelines advocate the use of the CHA2DSz-VASc （congestive heart failure, hypertension, age 〉 75 years, diabetes mellitus, stroke/transient ischemic attack, vascular disease, age 65-74 years, sex category） scheme for risk stratification. Although vitamin K antagonists is more effective than acetyl-salicylic acid at preventing ischaemic stroke, its benefit is offs by an increased haemorrhage risk. The risk of ischemic stroke in patients with AF and a CHA2DS2-VASc score of 1 are considered to be low risk and may be not expected to benefit from anticoagulation therapy. Hyper-tension carries an increased risk of ischemic stroke, however, it is also a clear risk factor for hemorrhage in AF. Therefore, the optimal anti-thrombotic management is highlighted in patients with AF with only one risk factor especially hypertension.
文摘Echinococcosis or hydatid disease （HD） is a zoonosis caused by the larval stages of taeniid cestodes belong- ing to the genus Echinococcus. Hepatic echinococcosis is a life-threatening disease, mainly differentiated into alveolar and cystic forms, associated with Echinoc- cus multilocularis （E. multi/ocular/s） and Echinococcus granulosus （E. granulosus） infection, respectively. Cys- tic echinococcosis （CE） has a worldwide distribution, while hepatic alveolar echinococcosis （AE） is endemic in the Northern hemisphere, including North America and several Asian and European countries, like France, Germany and Austria. E. granulosus young cysts are spherical, unilocular vesicles, consisting of an internal germinal layer and an outer acellular layer. Cyst expansion is associated with a host immune reaction and the subsequent development of a fibrous layer, called the per/cyst; old cysts typically present internal septa- tions and daughter cysts. E. multilocularis has a tumor-like, infiltrative behavior, which is responsible for tissue destruction and finally for liver failure. The liver is the main site of HD involvement, for both alveolar and cystic hydatidosis. HD is usually asymptomatic for a long period of time, because cyst growth is commonly slow; the most frequent symptoms are fatigue and abdominal pain. Patients may also present jaundice, hepatomegaly or anaphylaxis, due to cyst leakage or rupture. HD diagnosis is usually accomplished with the combined use of ultrasonography and immunodiagnosis; furthermore, the improvement of surgical techniques, the introduction of minimally invasive treatments [such as puncture, aspiration, injection, re-aspiration （PAIR）] and more effective drugs （such as benzoimidazoles） have deeply changed life expectancy and quality of life of patients with HD. The aim of this article is to provide an up-to-date review of biological, diagnostic, clinical and therapeutic aspects of hepatic echinococcosis.
基金Supported by the European Commission as a fifth framework shared cost action (QLG4-CT-2000-01414)
文摘AIM： To describe an Internet-based data acquisition facility for a European 10-year clinical follow-up study project of a population-based cohort of inflammatory bowel disease （IBD） patients and to investigate the influence of demographic and disease related patient characteristics on response rates. METHODS： Thirteen years ago, the European Collaborative study group of IBD （EC-IBD） initiated a population-based prospective inception cohort of 2 201 uniformly diagnosed IBD patients within 20 well- described geographical areas in 11 European countries and Israel. For the 10-year follow-up of this cohort, an electronic patient questionnaire （ePQ） and electronic physician per patient follow-up form （ePpPFU） were designed as two separate data collecting instruments and made available through an Internet-based website. Independent demographic and clinical determinants of ePQ participation were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression.total number of 1 505 （64%） available IBD patients, originating from 13 participating centers from nine different countries, both ePQ and ePpPFU were completed. Patients older than 40 years at ePQ completion （OR： 1.53 （95% CI： 1.14-2.05）） and those with active disease during the 3 mo previous to ePQ completion （OR： 3.32 （95%CI： 1.57-7.03）） were significantly more likely to respond. CONCLUSION： An Internet-based data acquisition tool appeared successful in sustaining a unique Western- European and Israelian multi-center 10-year clinical follow-up study project in patients afflicted with IBD.
文摘Entomosporium leaf spot （ELS） is caused by the fungus Fabraea maculata （anamorph： Entomosporium mespili） and affects most pear cultivars and quince rootstocks in Brazil. The aim of this study was to characterize the effect of Adams, EMA and EMC quince rootstocks on ELS in European pear cultivar ＂Abate Fetel＂ in Southern Brazil, during the 2009/2010, 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 growing season. The incidence and severity of disease was quantified weekly in 100 randomly leaves distributed in four medium-height branches per plant with eight replications. Disease progress curves of ELS were constructed and the epidemics compared according to： （1） the beginning of symptoms appearance （BSA）; （2） the time to reach the maximum disease incidence and severity （TRMDI and TRMDS）; （3） area under the incidence and severity disease progress curve （AUIDPC and AUSDPC）. The data were analyzed by linear regression and adjusted for three empirical models： Logistic, Monomolecular and Gompertz. The Abate Fetel cultivar under all rootstocks evaluated was susceptible to E. mespili. However, there were significant differences in ELS intensity among rootstocks evaluated. The highest ELS intensities were observed in combinations with EMA and Adams quince rootstock. Abate Fetel cultivar grafted on EMC quince rootstock showed all epidemiological variables results significantly different when compared with EMA quince rootstock. EMC quince rootstock induced late resistance compared with the other considerated rootstocks. The Logistic model was the most appropriates to describe the ELS progress of Abate Fetel cultivar under all rootstocks evaluated in the edafoclimatic conditions of Southern Brazil, during the 2009/2010, 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 growing season.
文摘OBJETIVE: To know the prevalence of acupuncturists within physical and rehabilitation medicine specialists in Europe and their characteristics,as well as to analyze the pathologies treated and therapeutic techniques used.METHODS: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study based on a structured and closed questionnaire. The study was carried out from October 2011 to May 2014.RESULTS: A total of 115 specialists from 19 countries completed the questionnaire. The mean characteristics of the physical and rehabilitation medicine(PRM) specialists who are also acupuncturists in Europe were: women(62.6 %); mean age of47.91 years old; 4.20 years of physical and rehabilitation medicine school and 2.00 years of acupuncture training; 15.03 years of mean time of clinical practice as physical and rehabilitation medicine specialists and 10.42 years of experience as acupuncturists; 35.65 % had a doctorate(Ph D) degree,obtained at a mean age of 33.55 years old; working in a public hospital(80%); treating mainly neurological conditions(48.1%) and using mainly techniques such as kinesiotherapy(11.81%),orthosis(10.40%) and electrotherapy(9.92%). Acupuncture was applied by 32.2% of the participants mainly in musculoskeletal conditions(27.38%). A mean number of more than 20 patients a day were treated by47.04% of the specialists,being 41.8% of the patients(adults and children). Significant differences were found between the variables,acupuncture and gender(Pearson's correlation Index = 0.007).However,no differences were observed in relation to acupuncture and age,doctorate degree,years of clinical practice and workplace(all with P values >0.05).CONCLUSION: In the European area,physical and rehabilitation medicine specialists who are also acupuncturists are mainly female,middle-aged,with15 years of professional experience,Ph D holders,working in public hospitals,treating mainly neurological conditions with kinesiotherapy and acupuncture,and treating over 20 patients a day(adults and children) during a 7 h shift. Further epidemiological studies on PRM to provide more information regarding the real situation of this medical specialty and the possibility to open to Chinese traditional medicine techniques such as acupuncture are necessary.
基金Project supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of Spain (No. CTM2005-106457-C05-05/TECNO),FPI grant from the Minis-try of Education and Science and FI grant from the Comissionat per a Universitats i Recerca del Departament d’Innovació, Universitats i Empresa de la Generalitat de Catalunya i del Fons Social Europeu
文摘The Catabacteriaceae is a new bacterial family aerobic, non-sporulating, Gram-positive coccobacillus that is with a unique member： Catabacter hongkongensis is a strictly anphylogenetically related to some clostridial clusters. Little is known of its epidemiology and environmental distribution, but the inclusion of its 16S rRNA gene sequence in GenBank has allowed it to be detected qualitatively. As a first approach for prospective surveys, a real-time polymerase chain reaction （PCR） procedure to identify C. hongkongensis has been developed. The presence of Catabacteriaceae in 29 water bodies subjected to possible human or animal impact has been investigated. Four of them were positive. The results confirm that highly polluted water can contain C hongkongensis.
