Good clothes etiquette of nurses can meet the mental needs of patients, which can promote early recovery of patients. A nurse with a good clothes etiquette style conveys the information to the patients, which can prod...Good clothes etiquette of nurses can meet the mental needs of patients, which can promote early recovery of patients. A nurse with a good clothes etiquette style conveys the information to the patients, which can produce a positive effect, so nurses＇ appropriate clothes appearance, proper manners, kind and amiable attitude and appropriate discourse and other good clothes etiquettes can achieve the effect that the medicine can not achieve.展开更多
This paper carries out empirical analysis of the ration behavior of rural credit cooperatives in less developed regions in providing loan services to rural households. It also inspects the interaction between rural ho...This paper carries out empirical analysis of the ration behavior of rural credit cooperatives in less developed regions in providing loan services to rural households. It also inspects the interaction between rural households＇ demand for credit and the loan supply from rural credit cooperatives with simultaneous discrete model. The performance of supporting agriculture through a new round reform of rural credit cooperatives is doubtable in this sample region.展开更多
Welfare and green growth rest heavily on an appropriate supply of safe water, the provision of adequate sewerage, and on energy services. These services are interdependent, as water is an integral part of electric-pow...Welfare and green growth rest heavily on an appropriate supply of safe water, the provision of adequate sewerage, and on energy services. These services are interdependent, as water is an integral part of electric-power generation; it is used directly in hydroelectric generation, and it is used extensively for cooling and emissions scrubbing in thermoelectric generation. Energy is also an integrated part of water services, as satisfying water needs for supply, purification, distribution, and treatment of wastewater requires energy sources. Water and energy utilities are however regulated without a specific focus on the interdependency of the two sectors and the possibilities to ensure sustainable use of the resources and reduction of greenhouse gasses by a better coordination. The article explains the possibilities of sustainable consumption and production of energy in the water utilities. It highlights EU legal framework that makes coordination at national level possible, and it gives examples and concludes--on the obstacles for the water utilities＇ future as energy-smart utilities that exist at the national level in Denmark.展开更多
Australia has experienced significant rises in mortgage costs and sharp declines in housing affordability in the last few decades, particularly since it implemented a new tax system of Goods and Services Tax （GST） i...Australia has experienced significant rises in mortgage costs and sharp declines in housing affordability in the last few decades, particularly since it implemented a new tax system of Goods and Services Tax （GST） in July 2000. Prior research has attempted to examine the influence of the GST on general price levels, but little research effort has been directed to investigate the impact of the GST on mortgage costs. Using proprietary data of major building societies in Australia for 36 months, this paper examines the changes of mortgage yield spreads in the pre-and post-GST periods for building societies. Results suggest that the lenders significantly increased their mortgage charges in the post-GST periods, For example, the increase is found to be, on average, 59.0 basis points which are much higher than that of banks.展开更多
This paper reports Tanzanian bankers＇ reasons for not giving SMEs the amount they request as loans to finance their businesses. Open ended interviews were used to collect primary data from eight interviews in six com...This paper reports Tanzanian bankers＇ reasons for not giving SMEs the amount they request as loans to finance their businesses. Open ended interviews were used to collect primary data from eight interviews in six commercial banks that serve SMEs and which have been in operation for more than five years. Secondary data was obtained from different documents like World Bank reports, brochures and websites of visited banks to mention the few. Findings show that sectors which are perceived as too risky by banks, poor documentation by borrowers which make banks unable to assess their creditworthiness, lack of understanding by SMEs themselves as to why they are doing businesses they do, lack or very limited knowledge on financial management by SMEs, lack of awareness of different products offered by different banks, stagnant businesses as well as lack of proper securitiries to cover their loans are reasons behind banks reluctant to provide loans to SMEs. Findings clearly show that it is still difficult for new SMEs to access finance from banks in Tanzania. It is critical for existing SMEs to put their houses in order to the level that is acceptable by banks if they need to approach banks for loans. Banks in Tanzania need to review their policies on the maximum amount of loans to SMEs to reflect the market demands. At the moment, new SMEs should not have much hope of getting finance assistance from most banks. Further, training institutions should continue educating SMEs on relevant aspect that are important to lenders and lastly, the government should consider providing guarantee to SMEs sectors that are perceived as too risky by banks just like the ongoing initiatives in the agriculture sector.展开更多
文摘Good clothes etiquette of nurses can meet the mental needs of patients, which can promote early recovery of patients. A nurse with a good clothes etiquette style conveys the information to the patients, which can produce a positive effect, so nurses＇ appropriate clothes appearance, proper manners, kind and amiable attitude and appropriate discourse and other good clothes etiquettes can achieve the effect that the medicine can not achieve.
文摘This paper carries out empirical analysis of the ration behavior of rural credit cooperatives in less developed regions in providing loan services to rural households. It also inspects the interaction between rural households＇ demand for credit and the loan supply from rural credit cooperatives with simultaneous discrete model. The performance of supporting agriculture through a new round reform of rural credit cooperatives is doubtable in this sample region.
文摘Welfare and green growth rest heavily on an appropriate supply of safe water, the provision of adequate sewerage, and on energy services. These services are interdependent, as water is an integral part of electric-power generation; it is used directly in hydroelectric generation, and it is used extensively for cooling and emissions scrubbing in thermoelectric generation. Energy is also an integrated part of water services, as satisfying water needs for supply, purification, distribution, and treatment of wastewater requires energy sources. Water and energy utilities are however regulated without a specific focus on the interdependency of the two sectors and the possibilities to ensure sustainable use of the resources and reduction of greenhouse gasses by a better coordination. The article explains the possibilities of sustainable consumption and production of energy in the water utilities. It highlights EU legal framework that makes coordination at national level possible, and it gives examples and concludes--on the obstacles for the water utilities＇ future as energy-smart utilities that exist at the national level in Denmark.
文摘Australia has experienced significant rises in mortgage costs and sharp declines in housing affordability in the last few decades, particularly since it implemented a new tax system of Goods and Services Tax （GST） in July 2000. Prior research has attempted to examine the influence of the GST on general price levels, but little research effort has been directed to investigate the impact of the GST on mortgage costs. Using proprietary data of major building societies in Australia for 36 months, this paper examines the changes of mortgage yield spreads in the pre-and post-GST periods for building societies. Results suggest that the lenders significantly increased their mortgage charges in the post-GST periods, For example, the increase is found to be, on average, 59.0 basis points which are much higher than that of banks.
文摘This paper reports Tanzanian bankers＇ reasons for not giving SMEs the amount they request as loans to finance their businesses. Open ended interviews were used to collect primary data from eight interviews in six commercial banks that serve SMEs and which have been in operation for more than five years. Secondary data was obtained from different documents like World Bank reports, brochures and websites of visited banks to mention the few. Findings show that sectors which are perceived as too risky by banks, poor documentation by borrowers which make banks unable to assess their creditworthiness, lack of understanding by SMEs themselves as to why they are doing businesses they do, lack or very limited knowledge on financial management by SMEs, lack of awareness of different products offered by different banks, stagnant businesses as well as lack of proper securitiries to cover their loans are reasons behind banks reluctant to provide loans to SMEs. Findings clearly show that it is still difficult for new SMEs to access finance from banks in Tanzania. It is critical for existing SMEs to put their houses in order to the level that is acceptable by banks if they need to approach banks for loans. Banks in Tanzania need to review their policies on the maximum amount of loans to SMEs to reflect the market demands. At the moment, new SMEs should not have much hope of getting finance assistance from most banks. Further, training institutions should continue educating SMEs on relevant aspect that are important to lenders and lastly, the government should consider providing guarantee to SMEs sectors that are perceived as too risky by banks just like the ongoing initiatives in the agriculture sector.
