‘串枝红’与‘赛买提’杏正、反交后代果实性状遗传倾向分析

【目的】探究杏果实主要性状的遗传倾向以及其在正、反交后代中的遗传差异,为杏育种过程中的父母本选配以及后代性状表现的预测提供依据。【方法】对‘串枝红’与‘赛买提’正、反交组合的单果质量、果面盖色、果实形状、果肉硬度和可溶性固形物含量等性状进行了调查,每株杂交后代调查10个果实。【结果】正、反交后代果实大小(单果质量与果实纵、横、侧径)均有偏小的遗传倾向;果面盖色属于质量性状,有彩色相对于无色为显性;果实形状(果实外观形状、纵径/横径、侧径/横径)果实形状表现为趋圆的遗传倾向;正、反交后代果肉硬度与可溶性固形物含量均呈偏低遗传的倾向;果实风味表现为偏酸的遗传倾向。【结论】‘串枝红’与‘赛买提’正、反交后代单果质量、纵、横、侧径多为累加效应形成,且正、反交组合果实累加效应相似,均完全解体;两组合可溶性固形物虽然存在加性效应数量性状的解体,但在子代中由于新的累加效应形成,后代出现超高亲株系。

砀山酥梨与丰水梨正、反交群体果实性状的遗传特征

以砀山酥梨与丰水梨及其正、反交后代群体为试验材料,连续2年对亲本及其后代果实的单果质量、纵径、横径、果形指数、可溶性固形物含量、石细胞含量的遗传规律进行研究。结果表明,所观测的果实性状均表现数量性状遗传特性。杂交后代果实的单果质量、纵径、横径均表现为母本效应,且呈变小的趋势,以砀山酥梨为母本时的后代果实大小较以丰水梨为母本时大。果形指数与亲本接近,且受父本的影响较大,正、反交后代的平均遗传传递力分别为99. 34%、103. 85%,平均遗传变异系数分别为6. 57%、7. 68%。可溶性固形物含量呈升高的趋势,正、反交后代平均超高亲率分别为87. 30%、88. 13%,表现出明显的加性效应。后代个体的果实石细胞含量呈趋中分布,以丰水梨为父本时,其后代石细胞含量较低。结果表明,以砀山酥梨和丰水梨为亲本做杂交选配时,其后代的单果质量、纵径、横径主要受母本效应影响;果形指数和石细胞含量受父本影响较大;而可溶性固形物含量则表现为较强的杂种优势,为超亲遗传。

中国樱桃正反交F_(1)代果实主要性状的遗传分析

【目的】通过观测分析中国樱桃地方种质‘南早红’(早熟,橙红)和‘红妃’(紫红,综合性状优良)杂交F_(1)代果实主要性状的遗传表现,探究果实主要性状遗传规律,为优异性状基因挖掘奠定工作基础,也为新品种选育和杂交亲本选择与选配提供参考依据。【方法】田间调查和测试分析‘南早红’(NZH)和‘红妃’(HF)正、反交F1代群体(n=226)果实大小(单果质量、果实纵径、横径、侧径)、风味(可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、可滴定酸)、颜色(果实花色苷含量)、形状(果形指数)、果实生育期、果柄长度等17个性状的遗传变异,分析其遗传倾向并预测遗传模式。【结果】正交(‘南早红’ב红妃’)和反交(‘红妃’ב南早红’)F1群体单果质量分离广泛,分别为2.59-7.46和2.45-6.48 g,但平均单果质量(4.30 g、4.05 g)均小于中亲值(4.58 g)。可溶性固形物和可溶性糖含量杂种优势明显,前者正、反交群体均值分别为14.55%和14.51%,高于亲本HF(12.97%)和NZH(11.36%),超高亲率分别达78.52%和76.09%;可滴定酸在正、反交群体中的均值(0.67 g/100 mL、0.59 g/100 mL)略低于中亲值(0.63 g/100 mL),低低亲率为47.92%和41.94%。F1果皮颜色也呈现连续变异,包括橙红、红色、紫红和黑紫等类型,以红色为主。果实花色苷含量变异较大,分布范围分别为3.12-112.51和1.80-79.94 mg·kg^(-1)。果实生育期在正反交F1群体中存在差异,正交的比反交的短2 d。果柄长度表现为超亲遗传,超高亲率分别为49.25%和43.33%。遗传模型预测表明,正、反交11个果实性状最适遗传模型的主基因数目完全一致,果实纵径和果实生育期为1对主基因,其他性状均为2对主基因。【结论】中国樱桃杂交F_(1)代果实主要性状均为多基因控制连续分布的数量性状,其中单果质量、果实纵径、横径、侧径、可滴定酸、花色苷含量呈变小的趋势,可溶性固形物、可溶性糖和果柄长度呈增大的趋势。

甘蓝型油菜正反交后代叶片净光合速率和叶绿素含量的比较

为了揭示甘蓝型油菜正反交后代两者间光合特性差异的规律,为进行油菜高光效育种提供依据,以19对不同基因型的甘蓝型油菜正交、反交组合及其亲本为试验材料,对正、反交组合间叶片的净光合速率值、叶绿素含量、杂种优势、亲子相关性等进行了比较,结果表明：正交组合的叶片净光合速率、叶绿素含量分别比对应反交组合高-8.93%-25.33%,-7.37%-8.70%,平均分别高2.34,1.26个百分点,分别有10,11个正交组合高于对应反交组合;19对组合中分别有10,11个正交组合的净光合速率、叶绿素含量的超标优势、中亲优势和超亲优势高于对应反交组合;正、反交组合叶片净光合速率、叶绿素含量均与母本、父本、中亲值、高亲值、低亲值呈极显著或显著正相关,且与高亲的相关性大于与低亲的相关性;母本对正交组合叶片净光合速率、叶绿素含量的直接作用（0.622和0.579）大于对反交组合的直接作用（0.463和0.325）。

巧判高中遗传题中的“基因定位”

高中遗传部分是高考的高频考点,但是绝大多数的遗传题都需要对基因的位置进行判定,才能确定基因的遗传方式,进而利用已学的相关染色体上基因的遗传特点进行遗传题的解答。同时,在家禽育种上还可以结合基因位置进行性别设计,以便快速筛选出雌雄体,节约饲养成本,缩短培育周期,来获得最大经济收益。

Plastid Inheritance in Sweet Potato as Revealed by DNA Restriction Fingerprinting

The inheritance of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas Lain.) was analyzed using DNA restriction fingerprinting. The cpDNA fingerprints of hybrids from reciprocal crosses between Xushu18 and AB78-1 were found to be identical to those of their female parents, which reveals that cpDNA of sweet potato is maternally inherited in this intervarietal crossing. This maternal cpDNA transmission pattern does not accord with the putative one based on former cytological studies. The plastid inheritance in Convolvulaceae has been briefly reviewed in this study, and the utility of DNA restriction fingerprinting analysis in the study of plastid inheritance is also discussed.

Quadrature error and offset error suppression circuitry for silicon micro-gyroscope

The reasons for inducing quadrature error and offset error are analyzed and the expressions of quadrature error and offset error are induced. The open-loop system analysis indicates that, in order to avoid the appearance of harmonic peaks, the frequency difference δf between drive mode and sense mode must be less than 1/（2Qy）. In order to eliminate the effects of the quadrature error and the offset error, as well as the inherent non- linearity in the capacitance-type sensors, a closed-loop feedback control circuit with quadrature correction is designed. The experimental results indicate that the quadrature error and offset error are corrected. By comparing with open-loop detection, the closed-loop feedback control circuit with quadrature correction decreases the non-linearity of the scale factor from 16. 02% to 0. 35 %, widens the maximum rate capability from ± 270 （°）/s to ± 370 （°）/s and increases the stability of zero bias from 155. 2 （°）/h to 60. 6 （°）/h.

Optimization of RAPD-PCR Reaction System for Glycyrrhiza uralensis Based on Orthogonal Design

[Objective] The aim was to obtain the optimum RAPD-PCR reaction system for Glycyrrhiza uralensis.[Method] Orthogonal design was adopted to screen the suitable concentration of four major factors（dNTPs,primers,Taq polymerase and DNA template） in PCR reaction system.[Result] The optimal reaction system obtained by orthogonal design was 25 μl in total volume,containing 2.5 μl of 10×PCR buffer solution（include MgCl2）,2.5 μl of 10 mmol/L dNTPs,2 μl（100 ng） of DNA template,2 μl of 10 μmol/L primers,0.4 μl（5 U） of Taq polymerase;the optimum annealing temperature was 34 ℃.[Conclusion] Orthogonal design was an effective method for the optimization of RAPD-PCR reaction system for G.uralensis.

Seismic AVAZ inversion for orthorhombic shale reservoirs in the Longmaxi area, Sichuan

Seismic AVAZ inversion method based on an orthorhombic model can be used to invert anisotropy parameters of the Longmaxi shale gas reservoir in the Sichuan Basin..As traditional seismic inversion workfl ow does not suffi ciently consider the infl uence of fracture orientation,we predict fracture orientation using the method based on the Fourier series to correct pre-stacked azimuth gathers to guarantee the accuracy of input data,and then conduct seismic AVAZ inversion based on the VTI constraints and Bayesian framework to predict anisotropy parameters of the shale gas reservoir in the study area.We further analyze the rock physical relation between anisotropy parameters and fracture compliance and mineral content for quantitative interpretation of seismic inversion results.Research results reveal that the inverted anisotropy parameters are related to P-and S-wave respectively,and thus can be used to distinguish the effect of fracture and fl uids by the joint interpretation.Meanwhile high values of anisotropy parameters correspond to high values of fracture compliance,so the anisotropy parameters can refl ect the development of fractures in reservoir.There is two sets of data from different sources,including the content of brittle mineral quartz obtained from well data and the anisotropy parameters inverted from seismic data,also show the positive correlation.This further indicates high content of brittle mineral makes fractures developing in shale reservoir and enhances seismic anisotropy of the shale reservoir.The inversion results demonstrate the characterization of fractures and brittleness for the Longmaxi shale gas reservoir in the Sichuan Basin.

The Microwave Synthesis of 2,6-Pyridine Dicarboxylic Hydrazine

Under microwave irradiation, with dimethypyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate and hydrazine hydrate as raw materials, 2,6-pyridine dicarboxylic hydrazine was produced. At the same time, the influence factors of production rate, such as microwave radiation time, reaction power, the amount of dimethypyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate and hydrazine hydrate was further explored. Through the orthogonal experiments, better technology conditions were found which make the synthetic process turn from the new type of microwave technology.

RECASTS AS CORRECTIVE FEEDBACK IN CHINA’S ENGLISH CLASSROOM INTERACTION

本文基于30节课堂教学语料调查了中国英语教师使用部分重说反馈语(recast)的频率和规律。数据表明,中国英语教师并不倾向在课堂中频繁使用部分重说;而当他们使用时,他们一般针对学生的语法错误使用部分重说;并且和其它反馈语相比,部分重说不能导致学生产出更多的即时修正。原因可能与部分重说的性质和教师使用它的技巧有关。

Positive solutions for a Lotka-Volterra prey-predator model with cross-diffusion and Holling type-Ⅱ functional response

We consider a Lotka-Volterra prey-predator model with cross-diffusion and Holling type-II functional response.The main concern is the existence of positive solutions under the combined effect of cross-diffusion and Holling type-II functional response.Here,a positive solution corresponds to a coexistence state of the model.Firstly,we study the sufficient conditions to ensure the existence of positive solutions by using degree theory and analyze the coexistence region in parameter plane.In addition,we present the uniqueness of positive solutions in one dimension case.Secondly,we study the stability of the trivial and semi-trivial solutions by analyzing the principal eigenvalue of the corresponding linearized system,and then we characterize the stable/unstable regions of semi-trivial solutions in parameter plane.