综合物探方法联合正、反演在海相碳酸盐岩油气远景区评价中的应用

以南方海相碳酸盐岩油气远景区的物性统计规律为基础,用综合物探方法联合正演,提取出典型构造、断层及油气藏的重磁电理论异常特征;结合重力、大地电磁(MT)油气藏模型正、反演计算,将理论异常特征作为提取研究目标特征的对比依据,进行(油气)地质—地球物理综合解释。总结出了南方海相碳酸盐岩油气远景区典型断层油气藏和地层油气藏模型的理论综合物探异常特征,并应用于中上扬子克拉通ZL地区综合物探剖面资料的联合解释,划分了有利储集构造带,推测了有利储层的空间展布特征,为研究区进一步的油气勘探部署提供了依据。

海洋大地电磁揭示了西太平洋苏达海山的电阻率结构

为了研究海洋板块内火山的深部电阻率结构及其形成过程,在西太平洋苏达海山进行了海洋大地电磁测量。采用主流数据处理方法SSMT2000进行数据处理,分别对旋转后的实测数据以及根据实测数据得到的两组旋转不变量数据进行一维结构假设下的大地电磁响应测试,对响应最好的YX方向数据进行一维反演,并结合一维正演、地质资料对反演结果进行综合解释。反演结果表明,苏达海山区域地壳厚度为21.5 km左右;较厚的火山碎屑岩层表明苏达海山的构建过程以喷发性的岩浆活动为主,其侵入性的岩浆活动较弱。

卫星重磁数据球坐标系下正反演方法研究进展

卫星重磁观测数据覆盖范围广、更新周期快是现代地球物理中重要的数据类型之一.随着卫星重磁观测技术的不断发展,卫星重磁观测数据的精度和分辨率得到了大幅提高,被广泛的应用于探索地球、月球、火星等天体内部物质分布、结构、构造等地学问题的研究.在研究过程中,对卫星重磁数据选择合适的处理和反演方法是后续能否进行精确分析解释的重要前提.基于球坐标系下的卫星重磁数据解算、正、反演方法为大尺度地学问题的球面研究为更贴近于实际地质情况提供了方法技术支持.本文针对卫星重磁数据的曲面数据和大尺度应用研究的特点,对近年来提出的球坐标系下Tesseroid单元体的正、反演方法进行了较为全面的阐述.可为国内同行深入了解卫星重磁数据在球坐标系下的研究现状和开展进一步的研究提供参考,促进卫星重磁数据在我国地球系统科学领域中发挥更大作用.

Shifted first arrival point travel time NMO inversion

Serious stretch appears in shallow long offsset signals after NMO correction. In this article we study the generation mechanism of NMO stretch, demonstrate that the conventional travel time equation cannot accurately describe the travel time of the samples within the same reflection wavelet. As a result, conventional NMO inversion based on the travel time of the wavelet＇s central point occurs with errors. In this article, a travel time equation for the samples within the same wavelet is reconstructed through our theoretical derivation （the shifted first arrival point travel time equation）, a new NMO inversion method based on the wavelet＇s first arrival point is proposed. While dealing with synthetic data, the semblance coefficient algorithm equation is modified so that wavelet first arrival points can be extracted. After that, NMO inversion based on the new velocity analysis is adopted on shot offset records. The precision of the results is significantly improved compared with the traditional method. Finally, the block move NMO correction based on the first arrival points travel times is adopted on long offset records and non-stretched results are achieved, which verify the proposed new equation.

区域重力调查资料整理及数据处理

区域重力调查资料整理及数据处理,主要是外业数据采集,按"五统一"计算布格异常值,通过数据处理,将布格异常进行网格化、异常圆滑、异常解析延拓、异常分量转换、异常导数计算,求取异常体埋深,最后实现成果图件。本文通过几年的工作总结,将各种整理计算公式编写出来,为今后工作提供参考。

自然电位法在层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿的应用研究——以新疆伊犁地区洪海沟矿床为列

能源是我国经济持续发展的重要基础,而适当提高核能比例则是我国能源结构调整的优先选择策略。可用地浸技术开采的低成本砂岩型铀矿是当前勘查和生产的最佳类型,但可地浸砂岩型铀矿与围岩的物性差异小,地表覆盖厚,使得常规物探方法和核物探方法难以取得好的效果。通过理论和实践研究能够发现,砂岩型铀矿床会自然而然地产生天然电位异常。与平常所见的一般氧化还原电场不同的是,铀的活化、迁移、沉淀和富集过程中伴随着的一系列物理-化学过程中产生的化学电位。从这一点讲,自然电位是一个直接找矿方法。通过对可地浸层间氧化带型砂岩铀矿地球物理与化学特征的分析,钻研天然电场形成原理、建立自然电位方程;并对天然形态矿体的自然电位异常进行正演、反演计算,分析曲线特征;构建反演数理模型,研究反演方法,为自然电场法寻找砂岩型铀矿提供有力的理论依据和技术支持。

Contrast between 2D inversion and 3D inversion based on 2D high-density resistivity data

The 2D data processing adopted by the high-density resistivity method regards the geological structures as two degrees, which makes the results of the 2D data inversion only an approximate interpretation;the accuracy and effect can not meet the precise requirement of the inversion. Two typical models of the geological bodies were designed, and forward calculation was carried out using finite element method. The forward-modeled profiles were obtained. 1% Gaussian random error was added in the forward models and then 2D and 3D inversions using a high-density resistivity method were undertaken to realistically simulate field data and analyze the sensitivity of the 2D and 3D inversion algorithms to noise. Contrast between the 2D and 3D inversion results of least squares inversion shows that two inversion results of high-density resistivity method all can basically reflect the spatial position of an anomalous body. However, the 3D inversion can more effectively eliminate the influence of interference from Gaussian random error and better reflect the distribution of resistivity in the anomalous bodies. Overall, the 3D inversion was better than 2D inversion in terms of embodying anomalous body positions, morphology and resistivity properties.

平衡剖面技术在海拉尔盆地构造演化中的应用

利用平衡剖面技术以w2测线发育过程中的中间阶段为例,对乌尔逊凹陷的构造演化进行了分析,认为大磨拐河组沉积时期为稳定拉张阶段,主要受古地形控制;伊敏组沉积时期为断陷萎缩阶段.平衡剖面技术的应用有助于进行地质构造解释与选择油气勘探目标.

Three-dimensional magnetotelluric regularized inversion based on smoothness-constrained model

How to get the rapid and stable inversion results and reconstruct the clear subsurface resistivity structures is a focus problem in current magnetotelluric inversion. A stable solution of an ill-posed inverse problem was obtained by the regularization methods in which some desired structures were imposed to stabilize the inverse problem. By the smoothness-constrained model and approximate sensitivity method, the stable subsurface resistivity structures were reconstructed. The synthetic examples show that the smoothness-constrained regularized inversion method is effective and can be reasonable to reconstruct three-dimensional subsurface resistivity structures.

Extrapolated Tikhonov method and inversion of 3D density images of gravity data

Tikhonov regularization（TR） method has played a very important role in the gravity data and magnetic data process. In this paper, the Tikhonov regularization method with respect to the inversion of gravity data is discussed. and the extrapolated TR method（EXTR） is introduced to improve the fitting error. Furthermore, the effect of the parameters in the EXTR method on the fitting error, number of iterations, and inversion results are discussed in details. The computation results using a synthetic model with the same and different densities indicated that. compared with the TR method, the EXTR method not only achieves the a priori fitting error level set by the interpreter but also increases the fitting precision, although it increases the computation time and number of iterations. And the EXTR inversion results are more compact than the TR inversion results, which are more divergent. The range of the inversion data is closer to the default range of the model parameters, and the model features and default model density distribution agree well.

Multiobjective particle swarm inversion algorithm for two-dimensional magnetic data

Regularization inversion uses constraints and a regularization factor to solve ill- posed inversion problems in geophysics. The choice of the regularization factor and of the initial model is critical in regularization inversion. To deal with these problems, we propose a multiobjective particle swarm inversion （MOPSOI） algorithm to simultaneously minimize the data misfit and model constraints, and obtain a multiobjective inversion solution set without the gradient information of the objective function and the regularization factor. We then choose the optimum solution from the solution set based on the trade-off between data misfit and constraints that substitute for the regularization factor. The inversion of synthetic two-dimensional magnetic data suggests that the MOPSOI algorithm can obtain as many feasible solutions as possible; thus, deeper insights of the inversion process can be gained and more reasonable solutions can be obtained by balancing the data misfit and constraints. The proposed MOPSOI algorithm can deal with the problems of choosing the right regularization factor and the initial model.

An Optimal Algorithm for the Retrieval of Chlorophyll,Suspended Sediments and Gelbstoff of Case Ⅱ Waters in the Pearl River Estuary

An optimal algorithm for the retrieval of chlorophyll, suspended sediments and gelbstoff of case Ⅱ waters in the Pearl River estuary was established with the optical parameters derived from the in-situ data obtained in Jan. 2003 in the same area. And then, the chlorophyll, suspended sediments and gelbstoff of the SeaWiFS pixels on Jan. 29, 2003 corresponding to the in-situ sites of Jan. 25 and 26, 2003 were synchronously retrieved, with average relative errors of 14.9%, 12.1% and 13.6% for chlorophyll, suspended sediments and gelbstoff, respectively. The research results indicated that the optimal retrieval algorithm established here was relatively fit for the retrieval of the chlorophyll, suspended sediments and gelbstoff of case Ⅱ waters in the Pearl River estuary, and had quite good retrieval accuracy.

基于充电法判定基桩钢筋笼长度的理论与应用技术试验研究

地下隐蔽工程质量检测工作中,基桩钢筋笼长度的判定是其重要的工作之一。本文探讨了充电法判测基桩钢筋笼长度的原理,建立了充电法判测基桩钢筋笼长度正、反演的解释模型。为充电法采用一点判测多根基桩钢筋笼长度提供了详实的例证,总结出充电法判测群桩钢筋笼长度的操作要点和注意事项。

Nonlinear inversion of electrical resistivity imaging using pruning Bayesian neural networks

Conventional artificial neural networks used to solve electrical resistivity imaging （ERI） inversion problem suffer from overfitting and local minima. To solve these problems, we propose to use a pruning Bayesian neural network （PBNN） nonlinear inversion method and a sample design method based on the K-medoids clustering algorithm. In the sample design method, the training samples of the neural network are designed according to the prior information provided by the K-medoids clustering results; thus, the training process of the neural network is well guided. The proposed PBNN, based on Bayesian regularization, is used to select the hidden layer structure by assessing the effect of each hidden neuron to the inversion results. Then, the hyperparameter αk, which is based on the generalized mean, is chosen to guide the pruning process according to the prior distribution of the training samples under the small-sample condition. The proposed algorithm is more efficient than other common adaptive regularization methods in geophysics. The inversion of synthetic data and field data suggests that the proposed method suppresses the noise in the neural network training stage and enhances the generalization. The inversion results with the proposed method are better than those of the BPNN, RBFNN, and RRBFNN inversion methods as well as the conventional least squares inversion.

Three-dimensional forward modeling and inversion of borehole-to-surface electrical imaging with different power sources

Borehole-to-surface electrical imaging （BSEI） uses a line source and a point source to generate a stable electric field in the ground. In order to study the surface potential of anomalies, three-dimensional forward modeling of point and line sources was conducted by using the finite-difference method and the incomplete Cholesky conjugate gradient （ICCG） method. Then, the damping least square method was used in the 3D inversion of the formation resistivity data. Several geological models were considered in the forward modeling and inversion. The forward modeling results suggest that the potentials generated by the two sources have different surface signatures. The inversion data suggest that the low- resistivity anomaly is outlined better than the high-resistivity anomaly. Moreover, when the point source is under the anomaly, the resistivity anomaly boundaries are better outlined than when using a line source.

Effi cient modeling of the gravity anomaly caused by a sedimentary basin with lateral variable density contrast and its application in basement relief estimation

The forward calculation of gravity anomalies is a non-negligible aspect contributing to the time consumption of the entire process of basement relief estimation.In this study,we develop a fast hybrid computing scheme to compute the gravity anomaly of a basement.We use the vertical prism source equation in a given region R centered at a certain gravity observation point and the vertical line source equation outside R to derive the gravity anomaly.We observe that the computation with the vertical line source equation is much faster than that of the vertical prism source equation,but the former is slightly inaccurate.Therefore,our method is highly effi cient and able to avoid the errors caused by the low accuracy of the vertical line source equation near the observation point.We then derive the general principle of choosing the size of R via a series of prism model tests.Our tests on the gravity anomaly over the Los Angeles Basin confirm the correctness of our proposed forward strategy.We modify Bott’s method with an accelerating factor to expedite the inversion procedure and presume that the density contrast between the sediments and the basement in a sedimentary basin varies laterally and can be obtained using the equivalent equation.Synthetic data and real data applications in the Weihe Basin illustrate that our proposed method can accurately and effi ciently estimate the basement relief of sedimentary basins.

Three-dimensional tomography using high-power induced polarization with the similar central gradient array

Induced polarization （IP） 3D tomography with the similar central gradient array combines IP sounding and IP profiling to retrieve 3D resistivity and polarization data rapidly. The method is characterized by high spatial resolution and large probing depth. We discuss data acquisition and 3D IP imaging procedures using the central gradient array with variable electrode distances. A 3D geoelectric model was constructed and then numerically modeled. The data modeling results suggest that this method can capture the features of real geoelectric models. The method was applied to a polymetallic mine in Gansu Province. The results suggest that IP 3D tomography captures the distribution of resistivity and polarization of subsurface media, delineating the extension of abrupt interfaces, and identifies mineralization.

Inversion-based data-driven time-space domain random noise attenuation method

Conventional time-space domain and frequency-space domain prediction filtering methods assume that seismic data consists of two parts, signal and random noise. That is, the so-called additive noise model. However, when estimating random noise, it is assumed that random noise can be predicted from the seismic data by convolving with a prediction error filter. That is, the source-noise model. Model inconsistencies, before and after denoising, compromise the noise attenuation and signal-preservation performances of prediction filtering methods. Therefore, this study presents an inversion-based time-space domain random noise attenuation method to overcome the model inconsistencies. In this method, a prediction error filter （PEF）, is first estimated from seismic data; the filter characterizes the predictability of the seismic data and adaptively describes the seismic data＇s space structure. After calculating PEF, it can be applied as a regularized constraint in the inversion process for seismic signal from noisy data. Unlike conventional random noise attenuation methods, the proposed method solves a seismic data inversion problem using regularization constraint; this overcomes the model inconsistency of the prediction filtering method. The proposed method was tested on both synthetic and real seismic data, and results from the prediction filtering method and the proposed method are compared. The testing demonstrated that the proposed method suppresses noise effectively and provides better signal-preservation performance.

Magnetotelluric extremum boundary inversion based on different stabilizers and its application in a high radioactive waste repository site selection

Geophysical inversion under different stabilizers has different descriptions of the target body boundary,especially in complex geological structures.In this paper,we present an extremum boundary inversion algorithm based on different stabilizers for electrical interface recognition.Firstly,we use the smoothest and minimum-support stabilizing functional to study the applicability of adaptive regularization inversion algorithm.Then,an electrical interface recognition method based on different stabilizers is developed by introducing extremum boundary inversion algorithm.The testing shows that the adaptive regularization inversion method does work for different stabilizers and has a low dependence on the initial models.The ratio of the smooth and focusing upper and lower boundaries obtained using the extremum boundary inversion algorithm can clearly demarcate electrical interfaces.We apply the inversion algorithm to the magnetotelluric(MT)data collected from a preselected area of a high-level-waste clay-rock repository site in the Tamusu area.We recognized regional structures with smooth inversion and the local details with focusing inversion and determined the thickness of the target layer combined with the geological and drilling information,which meets the requirement for the site of the high-level waste clay-rock repository.

Magnetic interface forward and inversion method based on Padé approximation

The magnetic interface forward and inversion method is realized using the Taylor series expansion to linearize the Fourier transform of the exponential function. With a large expansion step and unbounded neighborhood, the Taylor series is not convergent, and therefore, this paper presents the magnetic interface forward and inversion method based on Pade approximation instead of the Taylor series expansion. Compared with the Taylor series, Pade＇s expansion＇s convergence is more stable and its approximation more accurate. Model tests show the validity of the magnetic forward modeling and inversion of Pade approximation proposed in the paper, and when this inversion method is applied to the measured data of the Matagami area in Canada, a stable and reasonable distribution of underground interface is obtained.