要市场自由还是要社会正义?──哈耶克的选择及其困境

为了恢复西方个人自由主义的传统、防止经济生活的政治化和官僚化，美国经济学家、政治哲学家哈耶克坚持法治和自由市场理想，并向社会正义（或分配正义）的观念提出了挑战．本文展示了哈耶克批驳追求公平分配的社会正义观念、论证法治下的自由市场理想的主要思维路径，并通过分析哈耶克的伦理学论证（自由市场“在原则上是无原则的”）和经济学论证（“梯级式进步”理论）所面临的困境而指出：尽管自由市场给个人选择和个人自由提供了广阔的空间，但自由市场观念不能简单地否定和取代社会正义的要求。

财产转让税制的正义性分析

我国仍处于由计划经济向社会主义市场经济的转型期,由于市场经济制度本身的缺陷及转型期不可避免的制度漏洞,社会财富分配出现了严重分化的倾向并造成了许多负面影响。为此,制度性建议纷纷提出,财产转让税制便是其中之一。然而一项新制度的出现总会伴随着人们对其正义性的怀疑,这种怀疑甚至会危及该制度的巩固与完善。为此,本文在确立社会财富正义分配原则的基础上,考察市场经济制度下个人财富积累的来源和程度,指出财产转让税制是一种符合正义分配原则的矫正正义,为财产转让税制提供了正义性论证。

财富与权力的纠葛:诺齐克自由国家的一个维度探析

在诺齐克的最弱意义国家内,合理限制国家权力,并阻止个体侵犯他人财产,借以保障个人权利的享有。在正义分配三原则基础上,国家权力在行为边界内保护财产权,并在此行为边界内权力与财富取得了共存,这一共存是以个体相互达成自愿契约为条件的。但是在权力与财富取得妥协的机制内,社会公共福利被忽视是这一机制必然的逻辑结果,这也是诺齐克的财富机制不可避免的缺陷。

The Basic Principles and Value Dimensions of Achieving Distributive Justice through Social Institutions

To achieve the value goal of distributive justice, human society turns to the rational design and organization of social institutions. The construction of social institutions aimed at distributive justice should observe the following principles： equal opportunity, equal distribution of benefits and obligations, rational distribution criteria and procedures, and rectification of injustices. Social institutions established on these principles demonstrate inherent fairness and can ensure that social resources are distributed in an equitable way. For social institutions to ensure distributive justice is of great practical significance because this helps society integrate individuals＇ singular intentionality of pursuing distributive justice into a collective intentionality that fosters a social perspective on investigating distributive justice, establishes an egalitarian concept of distributive justice, and provides more effective protection for acts promoting distributive justice and stronger sanctions for acts undermining it. This maintains and enhances the interests of both advantaged and disadvantaged groups in distribution.