麻醉开胸狗左室收缩末期压力直径关系及其对正变力因素的敏感性

心室收缩末期压力容积关系和压力直径关系(ESPVR和ESPDR),是评定心室收缩能力的较好指标。本工作记录13只麻醉开胸狗左室内压,并用超声晶体植入法记录左室前后径。将阻截下腔静脉回流(IVC)降低前负荷以及狭缩胸主动脉(AO)增加后负荷两种情况下所获得的一系列连续心跳的收缩末期压力(Pes)和直径(Des),经最小二乘法求得IVC和AO时的ESPDR。结果表明:(1) IVC或AO情况下获得的Pes与Des均高度线性相关(r值分别为0.9505±0.0578和0.9298±0.0581,P均<0.001);(2) 注入多巴酚丁胺(dob)后,IVC和AO时的ESPDR直径轴截距(Do)均无改变,斜率(E_(max))则明显增大,且IVC时的增加(174.4±23.5％)大于AO时(78.7±22.6％);(3) 对照和dob两种情况下,AO时ESPDR的D_0均小于IVC时。提示麻醉开胸狗左室ESPDR的斜率对变力状态的变化敏感,但其敏感性以及ESPDR的直径轴截距受获得ESPDR所采用的改变负荷的方式的影响,其原因可能是不同方式改变负荷时引起的Pes和Ves变动范围有所不同的缘故。

非洋地黄类正变力性药物不宜用于慢性心力衰竭的长期治疗

非洋地黄类正变力性药物(以下简称正变力药物)的研制和应用开始于20世纪70年代中期,当时人们采用"血流动力学模式"来解释心力衰竭的发病机制,慢性心力衰竭的治疗原则是"强心利尿扩血管".由于在对急性心力衰竭患者的短期治疗中获得了改善血液动力学指标的效应,人们推测正变力药物长期口服同样能够改善血液动力学指标、改善症状、改善生存率[1].然而在随后的慢性心力衰竭临床试验中,正变力药物长期使用的结果却令人非常失望.

Research on 1-3 Orthogonal Anisotropic Piezoelectric Composite Material Sensors-

Piezoelectric composite material (PCM) is an important branch of modernsensor and actuator materials with wide applications in smart structures. In this paper, based onpiezoelectric ceramic, composite and experimental mechanics theories, a kind of 1-3 orthogonalanisotropic PCM (OAPCM) sensor is developed, and the sensing principle is analyzed to describesensor behaviors. In order to determine strain and stress on isotropic or orthogonal anisotropiccomponent surface, the relationships between strain and stress are established. The experimentalresearch on 1-3 OAPCM sensor is carried out in uniaxial and biaxial stress states. The results showthat 1-3 OAPCM sensors offer orthotropic properties of piezoelectricity, and sensing equations canbe used for strain or stress measurement with good accuracy.

A new apparatus for investigating stress,deformation and seepage coupling properties of rock fractures

A true triaxial apparatus which is composed of three units was presented.The apparatus allows for investigations on deformation and seepage behaviors of a single rock fracture subjected to lateral stress and normal stress.The first unit has three jacks which can apply loads independently in three orthogonal directions.The second unit is used to supply water inflow,control seepage pressure and measure flow velocity in real time.The third unit is for measuring the normal deformation of rock fractures.Some tests for investigating the normal deformation and seepage behaviors of rock fractures subjected to normal and lateral loads on hard granite specimens with an artificial persistent fracture,were introduced.The results show that both the normal deformation and the hydraulic conductivity are influenced not only by the normal stress but also by the lateral stress.It is also shown that the aperture and the hydraulic conductivity decrease with the increasing normal stress but increase with the increasing lateral stress and both the aperture and the hydraulic conductivity obey exponential relationships with the normal stress and the lateral stress.

A Quantum Dynamical Mode for the Control of Decoherence

We present a quantum measurement model where the meter is taken to be a squeezed reservoir. life realize decoherence in macroscopic limits using Bogoliubov transformation, and this kind of system-meter coupling has a dramatic influence on decoherence.

Influence of radial forging process on strain inhomogeneity of hollow gear shaft using finite element method and orthogonal design

Due to the current trend towards lightweight design in automotive industry,hollow stepped gear shafts for automobile and its radial forging process are widely investigated.Utilizing coupled finite element thermo-mechanical model,radial forging process of a hollow stepped gear shaft for automobile was simulated.The optimal combination of three process parameters including initial temperature,rotation rate and radial reduction was also selected using orthogonal design method.To examine the strain inhomogeneity of the forging workpiece,the strain inhomogeneity factor was introduced.The results reveal that the maximum effective strain and the minimum effective strain appeared in the outermost and innermost zones of different cross sections for the hollow stepped gear shaft,respectively.Optimal forging parameters are determined as a combination of initial temperature of 780°C,rotation rate of 21°/stroke and radial reduction of 3 mm.

Catenary action of restrained steel beam against progressive collapse of steel frameworks

The changing law of internal forces during the whole deformation development process was analyzed. The process was divided into five stages based on the internal force state of the beam and the assumptions of internal force relationship of five stages were proposed. Then, the formulas for determining the midspan deflection of the steel beam under distributed load, which was restrained both in rotational and axial directions, were obtained using restraint coefficient method and rigid-plastic mechanism, thereby the deformation development process was expressed accurately in a quantified way. Priority was given to the analysis of the process from bending to tension-bending, then the final state totally depends on tension to resist the external loads, that is the problem of catenary action of the restrained beam under distributed load. Additionally, finite element analysis was carried out with soitware ABAQUS6.7 on a restrained steel beam under distributed load with different axial and rotational restraint coefficients. The accuracy of the formulas presented was verified by the results of the behavior of the restrained beams. Finally, error analysis was conducted and some formulas were corrected according to the reasons of errors. The calculated results of corrected formulas match the FEM analysis results better, thus the accuracy of these formulas is improve .

On Impulse Switching Functions of Inverters as an Orthogonal System

The paper deals with impulse switching function which are used as exciting functions of one- and multidimensional state-space models of power electronic converters. Obviously, these functions are harmonic but using power converters they can be strongly non-harmonic, sometimes piecewise constants with zero spaces between them. Then, one deals with power series of time pulses. The impulse switching functions which are orthogonal ones can be derived from these series. The new impulse switching functions are created using Z-transform, inverse Z-transform and numerical series/sequences. The impulse switching functions created this way can be used for both steady- and transient state investigation of converters.

Analytical solution to one-dimensional consolidation in unsaturated soils under sinusoidal cyclic loading

An analytical solution was presented to the unsaturated soil with a finite thickness under confinement in the lateral direction and sinusoidal cyclic loading in the vertical direction based on Fredlund's one-dimensional consolidation equation for unsaturated soil. The transfer relationship between the state vectors at the top surface and any depth was gained by applying the Laplace transform and Cayley-Hamilton mathematical methods to the governing equations of water and air, Darcy's law and Fick's law. The excess pore-air and pore-water pressures and settlement in the Laplace-transformed domain were obtained by using the Laplace transform with the initial and boundary conditions. The analytical solutions of the excess pore-air and pore-water pressures at any depth and settlement were obtained in the time domain by performing the inverse Laplace transforms. A typical example illustrates the consolidation characteristics of unsaturated soil under sinusoidal loading from analytical results. Finally, comparisons between the analytical solutions and results of the numerical method indicate that the analytical solution is correct.

Cooperative Communications via Dual-Teleportation with Non-maximally Entanglement Measurements

We investigate a framework of the cooperative quantum teleportation (CQT) based on non-maximally entangled state basis (NB) measurements,instead of maximally entangled state basis (MB) measurements.It is implemented with two consecutive conventional (or direct) quantum telportations (DQT),where unknown quantum states can be transmitted in a point-to-point fashion.The security is based on the quantum-mechanical impossibility of local unitary transformations between non-maximally entangled states.It shows that the CQT can enhance the successful transmissions by self-correcting the errors introduced in the dual-teleportations.