This paper,combined algebraical structure with analytical system,has studied the part of theory of C~*-modules over A by using the homolgical methods, where A is a commutative C~*-algebra over complex number field C. ...This paper,combined algebraical structure with analytical system,has studied the part of theory of C~*-modules over A by using the homolgical methods, where A is a commutative C~*-algebra over complex number field C. That is to say we have not only defined some relevant new concept,but also obtained some results about them.展开更多
One of the major aims of the International Union of Physiological Sciences (IUPS) Physiome Project is to develop multiscale mathematical and computer models that can be used to help understand human health. We present...One of the major aims of the International Union of Physiological Sciences (IUPS) Physiome Project is to develop multiscale mathematical and computer models that can be used to help understand human health. We present here a small facet of this broad plan that applies to the gastrointestinal system. Specifically, we present an anatomically and physiologically based modelling framework that is capable of simulating normal and pathological electrical activity within the stomach and small intestine. The continuum models used within this framework have been created using anatomical information derived from common medical imaging modalities and data from the Visible Human Project. These models explicitly incorporate the various smooth muscle layers and networks of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) that are known to exist within the walls of the stomach and small bowel. Electrical activity within individual ICCs and smooth muscle cells is simulated using a previously published simplified representation of the cell level electrical activity. This simulated cell level activity is incorporated into a bidomain representation of the tissue, allowing electrical activity of the entire stomach or intestine to be simulated in the anatomically derived models. This electrical modelling framework successfully replicates many of the qualitative features of the slow wave activity within the stomach and intestine and has also been used to investigate activity associated with functional uncoupling of the stomach.展开更多
Air temperature and relative humidity have been the main parameters of meteorology study. In the past data could be obtained from in-situ observations, but the observations are local and sparse, especially over ocean....Air temperature and relative humidity have been the main parameters of meteorology study. In the past data could be obtained from in-situ observations, but the observations are local and sparse, especially over ocean. Now we can get them from satellites, yet it is hard to estimate them from sat- ellites directly so far. This paper presents a new method to retrieve monthly averaged sea air temper- ature （SAT） and relative humidity （RH） near sea surface from satellite data with artificial neural networks （ANN）. Compared with the observations in Pacific and Atlantic, the root mean square （RMS） and the correlation between the estimated SAT and the observations are about 0.91 ~C and 0.99, respectively. The RMS and the correlation of RH are about 3.73% and 0.65, respectively. Compared with the multiple regression method, the ANN methodology is more powerful in building nonlinear relations in this research. Thus the global monthly average SAT and RH are retrieved from the fixed ANN network from July 1987 to May 2004. In general the annual average SAT shows the increasing trend in recent 18 years. The abnormality of SAT is decomposed with the empirical or- thogonal function （EOF）. The leading three EOFs could explain 84% of the total variation. EOF1 （76.1%） presents the seasonal change of the SAT abnormality. EOF2 （4.6%） is mainly related with ENSO. EOF3 （3.3%） shows some new interesting phenomena appearing in the three main currents in Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Ocean.展开更多
文摘This paper,combined algebraical structure with analytical system,has studied the part of theory of C~*-modules over A by using the homolgical methods, where A is a commutative C~*-algebra over complex number field C. That is to say we have not only defined some relevant new concept,but also obtained some results about them.
文摘One of the major aims of the International Union of Physiological Sciences (IUPS) Physiome Project is to develop multiscale mathematical and computer models that can be used to help understand human health. We present here a small facet of this broad plan that applies to the gastrointestinal system. Specifically, we present an anatomically and physiologically based modelling framework that is capable of simulating normal and pathological electrical activity within the stomach and small intestine. The continuum models used within this framework have been created using anatomical information derived from common medical imaging modalities and data from the Visible Human Project. These models explicitly incorporate the various smooth muscle layers and networks of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) that are known to exist within the walls of the stomach and small bowel. Electrical activity within individual ICCs and smooth muscle cells is simulated using a previously published simplified representation of the cell level electrical activity. This simulated cell level activity is incorporated into a bidomain representation of the tissue, allowing electrical activity of the entire stomach or intestine to be simulated in the anatomically derived models. This electrical modelling framework successfully replicates many of the qualitative features of the slow wave activity within the stomach and intestine and has also been used to investigate activity associated with functional uncoupling of the stomach.
基金Supported by The National Key Technology R&D Program(No.2013BAD13B01)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(No.2001AA633060)
文摘Air temperature and relative humidity have been the main parameters of meteorology study. In the past data could be obtained from in-situ observations, but the observations are local and sparse, especially over ocean. Now we can get them from satellites, yet it is hard to estimate them from sat- ellites directly so far. This paper presents a new method to retrieve monthly averaged sea air temper- ature （SAT） and relative humidity （RH） near sea surface from satellite data with artificial neural networks （ANN）. Compared with the observations in Pacific and Atlantic, the root mean square （RMS） and the correlation between the estimated SAT and the observations are about 0.91 ~C and 0.99, respectively. The RMS and the correlation of RH are about 3.73% and 0.65, respectively. Compared with the multiple regression method, the ANN methodology is more powerful in building nonlinear relations in this research. Thus the global monthly average SAT and RH are retrieved from the fixed ANN network from July 1987 to May 2004. In general the annual average SAT shows the increasing trend in recent 18 years. The abnormality of SAT is decomposed with the empirical or- thogonal function （EOF）. The leading three EOFs could explain 84% of the total variation. EOF1 （76.1%） presents the seasonal change of the SAT abnormality. EOF2 （4.6%） is mainly related with ENSO. EOF3 （3.3%） shows some new interesting phenomena appearing in the three main currents in Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Ocean.
