正态总体检验和相关分析时应重视参照变量和调节变量的作用

本文采用文献资料法、分析讨论法 ,对正态总体检验和相关分析进行讨论分析 ,总结出常见的问题和解决的一般方法。

复多元正态总体球性检验似然比准则的精确分布

讨论了r个复多元正态总体中检验假设H :μ1=μ2 =… =μr=μ0 ;Σ1 =Σ2 =… =Σr=σ2 I的检验问题 。

基于多总体均值向量检验法的不同季节茶叶鉴别技术研究

[目的]探讨多总体均值向量检验法应用于不同季节英德红茶鉴别的可行性。[方法]采用原子吸收分光光度法测定春、秋两季茶叶中Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu这6种矿质元素含量,并采用国家标准方法测定茶样中水浸出物、茶多酚、氨基酸、咖啡碱及可溶性糖的含量。应用t检验法及两正态总体均值向量检验法,判断春秋季节茶叶矿质元素及生化成分结果是否存在差异。[结果]春、秋两季英德红茶中Ca、Mg含量最高,其次是Mn、Fe、Zn、Cu。单因素方差分析中,春秋两季茶叶的矿质元素中Zn元素存在显著差异,其他元素均无显著差异。生化成分分析中,春秋两季茶样中的茶多酚、氨基酸含量存在显著差异。但以矿质元素或生化成分含量作为总体进行分析,春秋两季英德红茶的矿质元素、生化成分含量存在显著差异。[结论]该方法可为区分各季节间英德红茶的研究提供参考。

Dverview and Main Advances in Permutation Tests for Linear Regression Models

When the population, from which the samples are extracted, is not normally distributed, or if the sample size is particularly reduced, become preferable the use of not parametric statistic test. An alternative to the normal model is the permutation or randomization model. The permutation model is nonparametric because no formal assumptions are made about the population parameters of the reference distribution, i.e., the distribution to which an obtained result is compared to determine its probability when the null hypothesis is true. Typically the reference distribution is a sampling distribution for parametric tests and a permutation distribution for many nonparametric tests. Within the regression models, it is possible to use the permutation tests, considering their ownerships of optimality, especially in the multivariate context and the normal distribution of the response variables is not guaranteed. In the literature there are numerous permutation tests applicable to the estimation of the regression models. The purpose of this study is to examine different kinds of permutation tests applied to linear models, focused our attention on the specific test statistic on which they are based. In this paper we focused our attention on permutation test of the independent variables, proposed by Oja, and other methods to effect the inference in non parametric way, in a regression model. Moreover, we show the recent advances in this context and try to compare them.

基于R软件分析两组专家对五个葡萄酒样品的评分数据

本文利用R软件主要讨论了两组专家对五个葡萄酒样品的评分及专家评分的合理性问题。首先,利用两个正态总体均值的假设检验评判两组专家的评分之间是否存在显著差异,从检验结果发现两组专家的评分是基本相符的,从而评比结果有一定的公平性与合理性。其次,利用均值的多重检验考察专家们对不同样品的区分度。在0.05的显著性水平下,专家们能够区分样品1与样品2、样品3、样品5,样品2与样品4,样品3与样品4。对五个样品的等级从高到低排序之后发现,专家们基本上可以区分等级相差为1的样品。但是专家们没有有效地区分出样品1与样品4(等级相差1.5),样品3与样品5(等级相差1)。然后,运用系统聚类的方法将五个样品分为优、良、差三类。最后,采用距离判别分析法,利用训练样本建立判别函数,将训练样本回代进行判别,得到专家的误判率和正确率,从而利用判别函数对新的样本进行分类。