表面活性剂亲水-亲油能力对动态界面张力的影响

The dynamic interfacial tensions between hydrocarbons and solutions of surfactants having different hydrophilic- lipophilic ability are measured.The effects of ionic strength and alkyl chain carbon- number on dynamic interfacial tensions are also studied.It is found that adsorption- desorption barriers are connected with the hydrophilic- lipophilic ability of surfactants.There exists a large or small adsorption- desorption barrier to the transfer of surfactant having strong hydrophilic or lipophilic ability from water to oil.The influences of ionic strength and alkyl chain carbon- number on adsorption- desorption barriers are discussed.

长江口徐六泾颗粒态正构烷烃的月变化组成特征及来源解析

2003年6月到2005年12月之间,在长江口徐六泾站位按月际采集表层水样用于颗粒态正构烷烃的测定。徐六泾颗粒态样品总正构烷烃含量在0.3~3.8μg·L-1范围内,高值多集中在每年4月到8月。正构烷烃的碳数范围在C15到C36之间,主峰碳主要为C27、C29和C31。徐六泾颗粒态正构烷烃分布可分陆源输入优势型、陆源和水生生物混合优势型及石油污染型等3种类型,其中陆源输入为主,少部分冬、春季样品的分析结果显示为陆源与水生生物共同作用类型,可能与低悬浮颗粒物浓度和海水倒灌的影响有关。UCM结果显示徐六泾石油烃污染主要分布范围为C28-C33,与推测的船只燃料油污染相吻合。