Boundary extraction of watershed is an important step in forest landscape research. The boundary of the upriver wa-tershed of the Hunhe River in the sub-alpine Qingyuan County of eastern Liaoning Province, China was e...Boundary extraction of watershed is an important step in forest landscape research. The boundary of the upriver wa-tershed of the Hunhe River in the sub-alpine Qingyuan County of eastern Liaoning Province, China was extracted by digital elevation modeling (DEM) data in ArcInfo8.1. Remote sensing image of the corresponding region was applied to help modify its copy according to Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM) image抯 profuse geomorphological structure information. Both the DEM-dependent boundary and modified copy were overlapped with county map and drainage network map to visually check the effects of result. Overlap of county map suggested a nice extraction of the boundary line since the two layers matched precisely, which indicated the DEM-dependent boundary by program was effective and precise. Further upload of drainage network showed discrepancies between the boundary and the drainage network. Altogether, there were three sections of the extraction result that needed to correct. Compared with this extraction boundary, the modified boundary had a better match to the drainage network as well as to the county map. Comprehensive analysis demonstrated that the program extraction has generally fine precision in position and excels the digitized result by hand. The errors of the DEM-dependant extraction are due to the fact that it is difficult for program to recognize sections of complex landform especially altered by human activities, but these errors are discernable and adjustable because the spatial resolution of ETM image is less than that of DEM. This study result proved that application of remote sensing information could help obtain better result when DEM method is used in extraction of watershed boundary.展开更多
In the past few years, network RTK positioning technology, especially the VRS technology, has been widely used in some parts of China and in many countries around the world. The principle of the VRS technology is disc...In the past few years, network RTK positioning technology, especially the VRS technology, has been widely used in some parts of China and in many countries around the world. The principle of the VRS technology is discussed with corresponding formula deduction, and detailed descriptions and applications of VRS corrections and virtual observations generation algorithm are given.展开更多
The city government of Solo has made a decision that street vendors operating in the city＇s Revolution Monument in Banjarsari Square for years must be relocated to the new built traditional market, called Pasar Notoh...The city government of Solo has made a decision that street vendors operating in the city＇s Revolution Monument in Banjarsari Square for years must be relocated to the new built traditional market, called Pasar Notoharjo. This study utilized ethnographic methods, a combination of methods including observation, in-depth interview, focus group and the unobtrusive method including collecting written information. The study showed that the decision of Solo city government which tended to privilege street vendors＇ interests resulted in the life chance of prostitution was deteriorated and marginalized. The city government has accommodated street vendors＇ demand to remove ,the organized prostitution community operating in Silir-Semanggi of Solo since 1960s as one of requirements for their relocation to this area, where the new built traditional market with more than one thousand kiosks was provided for street vendors. The procuresses＇ demand to obtain their rights of the land they occupied for more than 20 years on behalf of their legal ownership failed due to administrative, bureaucratic and legal obstacles. Prostitutes were inhumanly chased away by the city government apparatuses in collaboration with the police from the site of operation in 2006 and it resulted that the social and economic lives of procuresses and prostitutes got worse since their prostitution activities in this location were totally forbidden and unfinished. Both procuresses and prostitutes were marginalized because they did not have links to the powerful stakeholder who were able to protect their rights. Their health was in danger because the city government＇s concern to their activities was limited in particularly since 1998 when the location was formally closed by Solo mayor of the new order.展开更多
基金This work was supported by Knowledge Innovation Pro-gram Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX2-SW-320-3 & KZCX3-SW-425).
文摘Boundary extraction of watershed is an important step in forest landscape research. The boundary of the upriver wa-tershed of the Hunhe River in the sub-alpine Qingyuan County of eastern Liaoning Province, China was extracted by digital elevation modeling (DEM) data in ArcInfo8.1. Remote sensing image of the corresponding region was applied to help modify its copy according to Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM) image抯 profuse geomorphological structure information. Both the DEM-dependent boundary and modified copy were overlapped with county map and drainage network map to visually check the effects of result. Overlap of county map suggested a nice extraction of the boundary line since the two layers matched precisely, which indicated the DEM-dependent boundary by program was effective and precise. Further upload of drainage network showed discrepancies between the boundary and the drainage network. Altogether, there were three sections of the extraction result that needed to correct. Compared with this extraction boundary, the modified boundary had a better match to the drainage network as well as to the county map. Comprehensive analysis demonstrated that the program extraction has generally fine precision in position and excels the digitized result by hand. The errors of the DEM-dependant extraction are due to the fact that it is difficult for program to recognize sections of complex landform especially altered by human activities, but these errors are discernable and adjustable because the spatial resolution of ETM image is less than that of DEM. This study result proved that application of remote sensing information could help obtain better result when DEM method is used in extraction of watershed boundary.
基金Funded by the National 973 Program of China (No. 2006CB701301)the Basic Research of Geomatics and Geodesy of the Key Laboratory of Geo-space Environment and Geodesy, Ministry of Education, China (No. 03-04-10)the Project of University Education and Research of Hubei Province(No.20053039).
文摘In the past few years, network RTK positioning technology, especially the VRS technology, has been widely used in some parts of China and in many countries around the world. The principle of the VRS technology is discussed with corresponding formula deduction, and detailed descriptions and applications of VRS corrections and virtual observations generation algorithm are given.
文摘The city government of Solo has made a decision that street vendors operating in the city＇s Revolution Monument in Banjarsari Square for years must be relocated to the new built traditional market, called Pasar Notoharjo. This study utilized ethnographic methods, a combination of methods including observation, in-depth interview, focus group and the unobtrusive method including collecting written information. The study showed that the decision of Solo city government which tended to privilege street vendors＇ interests resulted in the life chance of prostitution was deteriorated and marginalized. The city government has accommodated street vendors＇ demand to remove ,the organized prostitution community operating in Silir-Semanggi of Solo since 1960s as one of requirements for their relocation to this area, where the new built traditional market with more than one thousand kiosks was provided for street vendors. The procuresses＇ demand to obtain their rights of the land they occupied for more than 20 years on behalf of their legal ownership failed due to administrative, bureaucratic and legal obstacles. Prostitutes were inhumanly chased away by the city government apparatuses in collaboration with the police from the site of operation in 2006 and it resulted that the social and economic lives of procuresses and prostitutes got worse since their prostitution activities in this location were totally forbidden and unfinished. Both procuresses and prostitutes were marginalized because they did not have links to the powerful stakeholder who were able to protect their rights. Their health was in danger because the city government＇s concern to their activities was limited in particularly since 1998 when the location was formally closed by Solo mayor of the new order.
