1-里基-3-正西基吡唑-5-甲酸

1-甲基-3-正丙基吡唑-5-甲酸(1)是一种重要的有机合成中间体，在医药、农药等方面有广泛的应用。例如，通过它可以合成新型磷酸二酯酶V型抑制剂西地那非枸橼酸(Sildchafil citrate)。合成工艺：以2-戊酮和草酸二乙酯为原料，经缩合、环和、甲基化、水解等4步反应合成了(1)。确定的最佳反应条件为：以乙醇为溶剂，浓盐酸作催化剂进行环合反应时，反应温度为60-65℃，反应时间2h，水合肼与2，4-二氧代庚酸乙酯的摩尔比为1：1.2。反应条件温和，操作方便，对环境的污染小，易于工业化生产，且降低了成本，总收率为72％。

邯郸市正西乡农村改厕状况调查分析

改善农村人居环境、建设美丽宜居乡村是实施乡村振兴战略的重要任务,事关全面建成小康社会,亦是广大农民的热切希望。通过实施农村改厕工程,可切实增强广大农村居民的获得感和幸福感。为了解农村改厕的实施情况,通过实地观察、访谈等方法对河北省邯郸市正西乡进行调查研究。通过调研发现,农村改厕工作推进仍存在一些问题,要推进农村改厕工作的顺利进行,必须采取加强领导、广泛宣传、健全制度、引入市场机制、科学设计方案等措施,把改厕工作融入乡村振兴战略。

Studies on the Super-high-yield Cultivation Techniques for Oats in Tibet

[Objective] The aim was to explore the optimal levels of different factors influencing oat yield in Lhasa, Tibet. [Method] Orthogonal test was conducted to analyze oat cultivation technology in Tibet. [Result] Qingyin No.2 and Baiyan No. 8 were proved the optimal species to be grown in Lhasa with optimal sowing quantity at 150-180 kg/hm2. Sowing term is an extremely significant factor affecting growing season, and species and N fertilizer are significant factors. Al factors have none significant effects on hay yield. [Conclusion] The research provides theoretical refer-ences and technological supports for large-scale planting.

Study and application of PS-wave pre-stack migration in HTI media and an anisotropic correction method

Anisotropy correction is necessary during the processing of converted PS- wave seismic data to achieve accurate structural imaging, reservoir prediction, and fracture detection. To effectively eliminate the adverse effects of S-wave splitting and to improve PS- wave imaging quality, we tested methods for pre-stack migration imaging and anisotropic correction of PS-wave data. We based this on the propagation rules of seismic waves in a horizontal transverse isotropy medium, which is a fractured medium model that reflects likely subsurface conditions in the field. We used the radial （R） and transverse （T） components of PS-wave data to separate the fast and slow S-wave components, after which their propagation moveout was effectively extracted. Meanwhile, corrections for the energies and propagation moveouts of the R and T components were implemented using mathematical rotation. The PS-wave imaging quality was distinctly improved, and we demonstrated the reliability of our methods through numerical simulations. Applying our methods to three-dimensional and three-component seismic field data from the Xinchang-Hexingchang region of the Western Sichuan Depression in China, we obtained high-quality seismic imaging with continuous reflection wave groups, distinct structural features, and specific stratigraphic contact relationships. This study provides an effective and reliable approach for data processing that will improve the exploration of complex, hidden lithologic gas reservoirs.

A Fourth-Order Modified Method for the Cauchy Problem of the Modified Helmholtz Equation

This paper is concerned with the Cauchy problem for the modified Helmholtz equation in an infinite strip domain 0<x≤1,y∈R.The Cauchy data at x = 0 is given and the solution is then sought for the interval 0<x≤1.This problem is highly ill-posed and the solution(if it exists) does not depend continuously on the given data. In this paper,we propose a fourth-order modified method to solve the Cauchy problem. Convergence estimates are presented under the suitable choices of regularization parameters and the a priori assumption on the bounds of the exact solution.Numerical implementation is considered and the numerical examples show that our proposed method is effective and stable.

Tropical Pacific Decadal Oscillation in Subsurface Ocean Temperature

This study utilizes a new monthly-assimilated sea temperature and analyzes trend and decadal oscillations in tropical Pacific 100 200 m subsurface ocean temperature (SOT) from 1945 to 2005 on the basis of the harmonic analysis and Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) methods.Significant cooling trends in the SOT in the tropical western Pacific were found over this 60-year period.The first EOF of the SOT in tropical Pacific displays an ENSO-like zonal dipole pattern on decadal time scale,and we considered this pattern in subsurface ocean temperature the tropical Pacific decadal oscillation (TPDO).Our analysis suggests that TPDO is closely correlated with the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) in the surface sea temperature (SST).The correlation coefficient between the indices of TPDO and PDO is +0.81 and reaches a maximum of +0.84 when TPDO lags behind PDO by 2 months.Therefore,a change of TPDO is likely related to the variation of PDO.The long-term change in TPDO best explains decadal warming in the tropical eastern Pacific SST and implies potential impact on the weakening of East Asian summer monsoons after the late 1970s.

Ensemble Simulations of a Nonlinear Barotropic Model for the North Atlantic Oscillation

A numerical ensemble-mean approach was employed to solve a nonlinear barotropic model with chastic basic flows to analyze the nonlinear effects in the formation of the North Atlantic Oscillation （NAO）. The nonlinear response to external forcing was more similar to the NAO mode than the linear response was, indicating the importance of nonlinearity. With increasing external forcing and enhanced low-frequency anomalies, the effect of nonlinearity increased. Therefore, for strong NAO events, nonlinearity should be considered.

Merger Announcement Effects and the Amendment of Insider Trading Laws in Brazil

Although Brazil has a long history of having insider trading laws （IT laws） in place and became the first emerging country to enforce the IT laws （Bhattacharya ＆ Daouk, 2002）, criminal sanctions and hefty monetary penalties were only made possible by the amendment of its laws against IT on October 31, 2001. We study the stock price effects of merger announcements made by 151 firms over two periods, before and after the change of IT laws. Our empirical results suggest that target firms attained positive price run-ups in pre-announcement windows before, but not after, the legal regime change. While acquiring firms had strong positive pre-announcement reactions in both legal regimes, the abnormal returns （AR） decreased in the more stringent legal regime. These results indicate that more stringent IT laws may deter IT and improve market efficiency in an emerging country.

On Forgiveness and Justice＂ The Difficulties of Western Societies in Achieving a Coherent Discourse about Forgiveness＊

Forgiveness plays a main role in transitional justice, it is important to verify how forgiveness is justified by contemporary societies. No contemporary mentality can avoid the intuition that we are facing a reality that seems to belong to the field of religion. Hence, what interests us is precisely the moral consideration of this discussion. Facing the morality of forgiveness, the questions that are raised with respect to each type are： whether it is possible to forgive and whether one should forgive. The inherent contradiction of those who affirm the obligatory nature of forgiveness results in the supererogatory character of forgiveness. If all forgiveness is supererogatory in itself, then all forgiveness is always presented as something undeserved. Thus, we do not have supporting points to embark on a discourse about forgiveness. The result is that our political communities do not really know how to manage situations such as transitional justice.

Adaptation and validation of pediatric peripheral intravenous catheter insertion and care practices audit tools

Objectives:This study aimed to describe the translation process and establish the validity of the three instruments in Indonesian to assess pediatric peripheral intravenous catheter(PIVC)insertion and care practices.Methods:The six-step forward and backward translation method was used to translate the adapted questionnaires.The English version questionnaires included the point prevalence audit checklist,the nurse survey consisting of the nurse PIVC knowledge questionnaire and the nurse PIVC confidence questionnaire,plus a Patient/parent Experience Survey.Data collection was conducted in Indonesia between October 2019 and February 2020.In total,there were six translators(two for each instrument),nine-panel vascular access experts(three for each instrument),and 30 participants(ten for each in-strument)of the target population involved in the translation and validation of the three instruments.Three-panel experts rated the content relevance of each instrument using a four-point rating scale.Item level and scale level content validity index and kappa index were calculated.Ten-panel members of the target population evaluated each questionnaire regarding feasibility,clarity,logical sequence,and formatting.Qualitative comments from the panel were also reviewed.Results:The translation process indicated relatively low discrepancies between translators except for semantic equivalence.There were nine,eight,and one semantic discrepancies found in the forward translation of the point prevalence audit checklist,nurse survey,and patient/parent experience survey.The semantic discrepancies were less prevalent in the backward translation,with only one,three,and two items reported during the process.The item validity index for all of the three instruments showed relatively high agreement between experts(I-CVI>0.78,S-CVI/Ave>0.90,S-CVI/UA>0.70,and kappa index>0.74).The face validity was established with the panel reporting that the three instruments were easy to understand and presented logically.However,some re-formatting of the nurse survey and pa-tient/parent experience survey were needed to avoid ambiguity and confusion for the participants.Conclusions:The results indicate that the translated three survey instruments that had been widely used in other developed countries show good content validity in the Indonesian context.They can be used as a reference for further testing in different countries and contribute to understanding the pediatric PIVC audit tools used in future clinical research.

Interannual to decadal variation of spring sea level anomaly in the western South China Sea

Satellite observations of sea level anomalies(SLA) from January 1993 to December 2012 are used to investigate the interannual to decadal changes of the boreal spring high SLA in the western South China Sea(SCS) using the Empirical Orthogonal Function(EOF) method. We find that the SLA variability has two dominant modes. The Sea Level Changing Mode(SLCM) occurs mainly during La Ni?a years, with high SLA extension from west of Luzon to the eastern coast of Vietnam along the central basin of the SCS, and is likely induced by the increment of the ocean heat content. The Anticyclonic Eddy Mode(AEM) occurs mainly during El Ni?o years and appears to be triggered by the negative wind curl anomalies within the central SCS. In addition, the spring high SLA in the western SCS experienced a quasi-decadal change during 1993–2012; in other words, the AEM predominated during 1993–1998 and 2002–2005, while the La Ni?a-related SLCM prevailed during 1999–2001 and 2006–2012. Moreover, we suggest that the accelerated sea level rise in the SCS during 2005–2012 makes the SLCM the leading mode over the past two decades.

Study on the coordinated development of the rural infrastructure and the rural economy

Through the construction of the comprehensive evaluation index system and the coordination degree model of the rural in- frastructure and the rural economic development level, the author carries out an empirical analysis on the rural infrastructure and economic coordinated development in the country＇s 31 regions. Research shows that the gap between the levels of the development of the rural in-frastructure in China is large, presenting the gradually reducing gradient distribution from the east to the west. The rural infrastructure de- velopment level has significant positive correlation with the level of economic development. For those provinces of the high development level of the rural economy, the infrastructure construction level is also relatively high. From the view of the coordination degree, it presents the obvious ＂dumbbell＂ shape, and there are more provinces which belong to the high quality coordination and the serious imbalance, with the coordinated degree in the eastern regions obviously higher than that in the central and western regions.

Land Grab and Land Grant:Contextualizing Landscape Justice in Social Forestry in Indonesia

Social forestry has emerged as a popular approach to achieving landscape justice by empowering local communities.However,the development and implementation of such programs often face challenges.This paper explores the concept of landscape justice within the context of Indonesian social forestry in two ways.First,it juxtaposes the social forestry program with palm oil plantations to highlight the relationship between environmental initiatives and capital expansion,and the formation of green capitalism.By examining the historical development of social forestry,the paper argues that current political and legal frameworks have facilitated the depoliticization of previously radical,anti-capitalist,and anti-palm oil civil movements,despite notionally“empowering”local communities.Second,the paper interrogates the inclusivity of the social forestry program within local communities,noting that NGOs sometimes label local people as“cooperative”or“stubborn,”thus overlooking the pre-existing social tensions.The paper posits that more attention should be given to the social foundations underlying environmental projects and the new eco-social structure arising from environmental governance.

唐《李谨行墓志》简考

李谨行墓位于乾陵东南方向约2公里处,距永泰公主墓(现乾陵博物馆所在地)正西约500米。1972年春,陕西省文管会同原乾陵文物保管所对此墓进行了发掘清理,其中出土了一合李谨行墓志。李谨行墓是乾陵17座陪葬墓之一,《唐会要》卷21对此有明确记载,也是惟一的一座少数民族人物墓葬。墓的地下结构由斜坡墓道(隧道)、天井、小龛。

Two interannual variability modes of the Northwestern Pacific Subtropical Anticyclone in boreal summer

Using the reanalysis data and 20th century simulation of coupled model FGOALS_gl developed by LASG/IAP, we identified two distinct interannual modes of Northwestern Pacific Subtropical Anticyclone （NWPAC） by performing Empirical Orthogonal Function （EOF） analysis on 850 hPa wind field over the northwestern Pacific in summer. Based on the associated anoma- lous equatorial zonal wind, these two modes are termed as ＂Equatorial Easterly related Mode＂ （EEM） and ＂Equatorial Westerly related Mode＂ （EWM）, respectively. The formation mechanisms of these two modes are similar, whereas the maintenance mechanisms, dominant periods, and the relationships with ENSO are different. The EEM is associated with E1 Nifio decaying phase, with the anomalous anticyclone established in the preceding winter and persisted into summer through local positive air-sea feedback. By enhancing equatorial upwelling of subsurface cold water, EEM favors the transition of ENSO from E1 Nifio to La Nifia. The EWM is accompanied by the E1 Nifio events with long persistence, with the anomalous anticyclone formed in spring and strengthened in summer due to the warm Sea Surface Temperature anomalies （SSTA） forcing from the equatorial central-eastern Pacific. The model well reproduces the spatial patterns of these two modes, but fails to simulate the percentage variance accounted for by the two modes. In the NCEP reanalysis （model result）, EEM （EWM） appears as the first mode, which accounts for 35.6% （68.2%） of the total variance.

Altitudinal effect of soil n-alkane δD values on the eastern Tibetan Plateau and their increasing isotopic fractionation with altitude

Stable isotope paleoaltimetry has provided unprecedented insights into the topographic histories of many of the world's highest mountain ranges. However, on the Tibetan Plateau(TP), stable isotopes from paleosols generally yield much higher paleoaltitudes than those based on fossils. It is therefore essential when attempting to interpret accurately this region's paleoaltitudes that the empirical calibrations of local stable isotopes and the relations between them are established. Additionally,it is vital that careful estimations be made when estimate how different isotopes sourced from different areas may have been influenced by different controls. We present here 29 hydrogen isotopic values for leaf wax-derived n-alkanes(i.e., δD_(wax) values,and abundance-weighted average δD values of C_(29) and C_(31)) in surface soils, as well as the δD values of soil water(δD_(sw)) samples(totaling 22) from Mount Longmen(LM), on the eastern TP(altitude ~0.8–4.0 km above sea level(asl), a region climatically affected by the East Asian Monsoon(EAM). We compared our results with published data from Mount Gongga(GG). In addition,47 river water samples, 55 spring water samples, and the daily and monthly summer precipitation records(from May to October,2015) from two precipitation observation stations were collected along the GG transect for δD analysis. LM soil δD_(wax) values showed regional differences and responded strongly to altitude, varying from.160‰ to.219‰, with an altitudinal lapse rate(ALR) of.18‰ km^(-1)(R^2=0.83; p<0.0001; n=29). These δD_(wax) values appeared more enriched than those from the GG transect by ~40‰. We found that both the climate and moisture sources led to the differences observed in soil δD_(wax) values between the LM and GG transects. We found that, as a general rule, ε_(wax/rw), ε_(wax/p) and εwax/sw values(i.e., the isotopic fractionation of δD_(wax) corresponding to δD_(rw), δD_p and δD_(sw)) increased with increasing altitude along both the LM and GG transects(up to 34‰ and 50‰, respectively). Basing its research on a comparative study of δD_(wax), δD_p, δD_(rw)(δD_(springw)) and δD_(sw), this paper discusses the effects of moisture recycling, glacier-fed meltwater, relative humidity(RH), evapotranspiration(ET), vegetation cover, latitude,topography and/or other factors on ε_(wax/p) values. Clearly, if ε_(wax-p) values at higher altitudes are calculated using smaller ε_(wax-p) values from lower altitudes, the calculated paleowaterδD_p values are going to be more depleted than the actual δD values, and any paleoaltitude would therefore be overestimated.

北魏鲜卑人的宇宙观——从鲜卑人的祭天礼制看宇宙观的变迁

鲜卑人来到盛乐以后,在首次举行祭天仪式时,就受到了汉文化的改正朔思想的影响,其施行的正朔就是参照了周正历法。并且该历法一直延续到孝文帝太和十八年。而北魏建国时又施行夏正历法,可以说两种历法并行是北魏的历法特点。其次是鲜卑人在漠北生活期间,其宇宙观是天圆地圆,进入中原以后,开始逐渐向天圆地方的宇宙观转变,而方坛正是两种宇宙观交汇的产物。最后是"天子"作为天之子祭天,不但是完成祭天礼制,也有表达"孝"的人间伦理的含义。从而天子与天构建出汉文化独有的"孝"的宇宙观思想。北魏建国时便接受了"孝"的宇宙观,并对其后的唐王朝也产生了很大的影响。

WELL-POSEDNESS FOR THE CAUCHY PROBLEM TO THE HIROTA EQUATION IN SOBOLEV SPACES OF NEGATIVE INDICES

The local well-posedness of the Cauchy problem for the Hirota equation is established for low regularity data in Sobolev spaces Hs(s ≥ -1-4). Moreover, the global well-posedness for L2 data follows from the local well-posedness and the conserved quantity. For data in Hs(s ＞ 0), the global well-posedness is also proved. The main idea is to use the generalized trilinear estimates, associated with the Fourier restriction norm method.

LOCAL WELL-POSEDNESS AND ILL-POSEDNESS ON THE EQUATION OF TYPE □u= u^k(u)~α

This paper undertakes a systematic treatment of the low regularity local well-posedness and ill-posedness theory in H3 and Hs for semilinear wave equations with polynomial nonlinearity in u and (?)u. This ill-posed result concerns the focusing type equations with nonlinearity on u and (?)tu.