中国的非正规经济再论证

中国今天的经济社会,除了顶层的高级官员和资本家之外,主要由两个等级组成。一方面是受到国家所谓“劳动”法规保护的、带有优厚社会福利的正规职工,其中包括国家机关、事业单位以及正规企业的白领职员,和较少数享有正规身份的蓝领工人。另一方面则是不受到国家劳动法规保护的、没有社会福利(或只有低等福利)的非正规职工,主要为农民工以及其“半工半耕”家庭的其他就业人员。本文详细论证,前者总数只是全社会所有就业人员中的六分之一,其实一定程度上是个具有特权的阶层,后者则占到六分之五。事实上,国家今天所谓的劳动法规已经脱离大多数真正意义上的劳动人民。两个等级间的差别是今天中国社会经济危机的关键,亟需改革。

Feminist Perspective on Economic Theory, Policies, and Institutions for Women Workers in the Informal Employment of Indonesian Post-economic Crisis

This paper aims to have a grounded picture regarding the impacts of the economic crises on women workers in the informal employment, identify the economic theory whose application is disadvantageous to the women home-based workers, support recognition of women homeworkers by the policy makers, and empower the workers through exercising their rights. Research methodology for women＇s studies from a feminist perspective is employed covering action-oriented research initiating from the grounded issues, a bottom-up approach, and a participatory method where the researchers act as facilitators. It is necessarily a longitudinal research work with a new paradigm to change the women＇s situation. This methodology is deemed effective to identify impacts of the crises as described in the paper. It can be found that the root cause of women workers＇ exploitation is the economic efficiency theory, while policy development should be specifically designed along with engendering policy makers. Exercising the rights to organize the unorganized women home-based workers is no way repeatable from standard practice of organizing formal workers. All these require action of committed and skilled feminists with adequate praxis resources.