滋阴固正法治疗初治肺结核安全性及有效性的Meta分析

目的通过文献的Meta分析,综合评估中医滋阴固正法初治肺结核的安全性和有效性,为中医药临床认识并治疗肺结核提供参考。方法使用计算机检索中国生物医学文献数据库、万方数据库、中国知网、维普数据库中滋阴固正辨证论治联合抗结核化疗方案(治疗组)与单用抗结核化疗方案(对照组)治疗初治肺结核的随机对照实验(RCT)。由两位独立评价者对纳入的研究资料进行筛选和数据的提取工作。使用CochraneReviewer’sHandbook推荐的质量评价工具,对所收集的文献进行质量评价,用Revman5.3软件对其进行Meta分析。结果最终纳入12项RCT,共1539例患者。Meta分析结果显示,与单纯西医治疗组相比,中医滋阴固正法辨证论治联合西药治疗方案有一定优势,具体表现在痰菌转阴率、病灶吸收率、不良反应发生率、白细胞介素-6、疗效方面,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但两组的血清肿瘤坏死因子-α比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.57)。结论根据统计的数据结果,初治肺结核采用滋阴固正法治疗能有效提高患者痰菌转阴率、病灶吸收率和疗效,降低不良反应发生率。

益气扶正养阴化痰法验方联合TKIs治疗Ⅲa~Ⅳ期EGFR突变型非小细胞肺癌的临床研究

目的:观察益气扶正养阴化痰法验方联合酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(TKIs)治疗Ⅲa~Ⅳ期表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)突变型非小细胞肺癌对延缓TKIs耐药及患者生存质量的影响。方法:回顾性分析2016年1月至2019年1月在泉州市中医院诊断为Ⅲa~Ⅳ期EGFR突变型非小细胞肺癌的80例病例,根据治疗方案不同归为对照组和观察组,各40例。对照组患者采用单纯给予EGFR-TKIs治疗,观察组患者在对照组基础上联合益气扶正养阴化痰法验方治疗,记录两组患者的生存质量,安全性,近期疗效和疾病进展时间。结果:治疗后观察组患者生活质量改善明显优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗期间两组患者均未发生Ⅲ级以上的皮疹和腹泻。观察组患者皮疹发生率为75.00%,与对照组的77.50%比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组患者腹泻发生率为52.5%,与对照组的55.00%比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组患者的疾病控制率(DCR)为82.50%,高于对照组的70.00%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组患者中位疾病进展时间为11.5月,观察组为15.0月,延缓TKIs耐药3.5月。经Logrank检验,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:益气扶正养阴化痰法验方联合TKIs治疗Ⅲa~Ⅳ期EGFR突变型非小细胞肺癌可明显改善患者生存质量,延缓患者耐药,提高生存质量。

从“阴平阳秘”论治多汗症

多汗症属于中医“汗证”范畴。笔者以整体观念、辨证论证为指导思想,以“阴平阳秘”为治疗目标,采用中医中药治疗多汗症4则:病案1,年老病久,因于血证及外感,阳虚阴脱,治以来复汤合桂枝加附子汤、玉屏风散益气回阳、敛阴止汗;病案2,更年期女性,阴阳失调且以阴虚火旺为主,治以二仙汤合泻白散调和阴阳、滋阴敛汗;病案3,青年男性,阳明热盛伤津,治以白虎加人参汤清热生津;病案4,形体肥胖,病程缠绵,湿热内蕴,治以甘露消毒丹合三仁汤清热利湿。笔者在《黄帝内经》“阳加于阴谓之汗”理论基础上,结合吴鞠通“邪阳”与“正阳”理论,认为多汗症的发生是“正阳”和/或“正阴”的亏虚与“邪阳”和/或“邪阴”的偏胜作用于人体的结果。治疗上,以“谨守阴阳”为纲要,或扶助“正阳”“正阴”,或祛除“邪阳”“邪阴”,使阴平阳秘,邪去正安而汗自止,疗效确切。

Numerical study of forward smoldering combustionof polyurethane foam

A two-dimensional and two-phase numerical model is presented for the smolder propagation in a horizontal polyurethane foam. The chemical processes considered include endothermic pyrolysis and exotherrnic oxidation degradation of polyurethane foam and exothermic oxidation of char. The governing equations are discretized in space using the finite element method and solved by the software package FEMLAB. Predicted profiles of solid temperature as well as evolutions of solid compositions （including foam, char and ash） are presented at an airflow velocity of 0. 28 cm/s. The computed average smoldering velocity is 0. 021 4 cm/s, and the average maximum temperature is 644. 67 K. Based on the evolutions of solid compositions, the packed bed can be obviously divided into four zones： unreacted zone, fuel pyrolysis and oxidation zone, char oxidation zone and fuel burned-out zone. Simultaneously, the effects of inlet air velocity and fuel properties （including thermal conductivity, specific heat, density and pore diameter） are studied on the smoldering propagation. The results show that the smoldering velocity and temperature have a roughly linear increase with increasing inlet air velocity; the fuel density is the most important factor in determining smoldering propagation; radiation has a non-negligible role on the smoldering velocity for larger pore diameters of porous material. The computational results are compared with the experimental data and a general agreement is reached.

Analysis on cracking of deck pavement on Jiangyin Bridge

Based on four-year field inspection and investigation on deck pavement of mastic asphalt on Jiangyin Bridge, cracking causes of mastic asphalt are studied. Cracks of deck pavement are summarized on crack length and width to get a clear view of their propagations. Traffic surveys including traffic volume, axle load and vehicle speed were also conducted to assess their influences. Samples taken on-site were tested with pulling-out test and fatigue test to benchmark their properties. According to the inspection and tests results, it is concluded that the cracks are induced by rutting and fatigue. Lack of fatigue resistance, not well bonded to the steel deck and insufficient high temperature stability are supposed to be the main reasons as well as high density of low speed, excessively overloaded trucks.

Advances in TCM Treatment for Metastasis of Tumors

The above therapeutic results show that TCM drugs have excellent effects in counteracting the metastasis of tumors. They can produce a synergistic effect when used together with surgery, radio- and chemotherapy. In analyzing the relationship between the factors that affect the distant metastasis, the authors strongly recommend that the FDM-survival rate be used, i.e. the survival rate free from distant metastasis as suggested by Hong Minghuang et al in their article. An analysis based on FDM-survival rate in a duration of three or five years with the data treated with the Kaplan-Meier and/or Life Table would be rational and convincible.

Numerical study on the propagation characteristics of forward smoldering in a cellulosic packed bed

Based on a three-step kinetic mechanism, a one-dimensional, time dependent, numerical model is presented for the smoldering propagation in a horizontally packed bed of cellulosic material. The kinetic processes include pyrolysis and oxidation degradation of fuel and oxidation of char. Heat transfer between solid and gas is taken into account, and the diffusion coefficient varies with the temperature. Radiative heat transfer is included by using the diffusion approximation. The effects of airflow velocity and oxygen concentration are simulated on the smoldering velocity and the averaged maximum temperature of smoldering fuel. The results indicate that the spread rate varies linearly with increasing airflow velocity, and the inlet air velocity has little effect on the maximum temperature. The evolutions of gas species and solid compositions are predicted. The effects of frequency factors （A1, A2 and A3） are analyzed. Simulations show that the smoldering spread rate increases with increasing A2 （fuel oxidation）, but decreases with A1 （fuel pyrolysis） and A3 （char oxidation）.

Review of Shadow Detection and De-shadowing Methods in Remote Sensing

Shadow is one of the major problems in remotely sensed imagery which hampers the accuracy of information extraction and change detection.In these images,shadow is generally produced by different objects,namely,cloud,mountain and urban materials.The shadow correction process consists of two steps:detection and de-shadowing.This paper reviews a range of techniques for both steps,focusing on urban regions(urban shadows),mountainous areas(topographic shadow),cloud shadows and composite shadows.Several issues including the problems and the advantages of those algorithms are discussed.In recent years,thresholding and recovery techniques have become important for shadow detection and de-shadowing,respectively.Research on shadow correction is still an important topic,particularly for urban regions(in high spatial resolution data) and mountainous forest(in high and medium spatial resolution data).Moreover,new algorithms are needed for shadow correction,especially given the advent of new satellite images.

Evaluation on the Two Filling Functions for the Recovery of Forest Information in Mountainous Shadows on Landsat ETM + Image

In general,topographic shadow may reduce performance of forest mapping over mountainous regions in remotely sensed images.In this paper,information in shadow was synthesized by using two filling techniques,namely,roifill and imfill,in order to improve the accuracy of forest mapping over mountainous regions.These two methods were applied to Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM +) multispectral image from Dong Yang County,Zhejiang Province,China.The performance of these methods was compared with two conventional techniques,including cosine correction and multisource classification.The results showed that by applying filling approaches,average overall accuracy of classification was improved by 14 percent.However,through conventional methods this value increased only by 9 percent.The results also revealed that estimated forest area on the basis of shadow-corrected images by 'roifill' technique was much closer to the survey data compared to traditional algorithms.Apart from this finding,our finding indicated that topographic shadow was an accentuated problem in medium resolution images such as Landsat ETM+ over mountainous regions.

Downlink BER performance analysis of distributed antenna systems over shadowed Rayleigh fading channels

Due to the complexity of the composite fading channel, a new simplified channel model is proposed to analyze the bit error ratio（BER） performance of the distributed antenna system （DAS）. First, instead of the gamma-log-normal distribution, the log-normal distribution is applied to describe the output signal to noise ratio（SNR） after maximal ratio combining （MRC） at the receiver. Then, assuming that the channel state information（CSI） is available to the transmitter, by employing the Gauss-Hermite integral, an approximate analytical expression of the BER is derived for the downlink of the DAS with antenna selective transmission and MRC. Finally, the results of a Monte Carlo simulation show that the analytical results match the simulation results. Therefore, it can be concluded that the proposed approximate channel model is effective and accurate, and the derived analytical expression can be used to evaluate the real system performance.

Measuring the space between vagina and rectum as it relates to rectocele

AIM:To measure the normal space between the posterior wall of the vagina and the anterior wall of the respectively rectum using computed tomography(CT) and reveal its were relationship to rectocele. METHODS:A total of twenty female volunteers without rectocele were examined by CT scan.We performed a middle level continuous horizontal pelvic scan from the upper part to the lower part and collected the measurement data to analyze the results using t-test. RESULTS:Twenty volunteers were enrolled in the study. The space between the posterior wall of the vagina and the anterior wall of the rectum was measured at three levels(upper 1/3,middle,lower 1/3 level of vagina). The results showed that the space from the posterior wall of the vagina to the anterior wall of the rectum at the upper 1/3 level and the middle level was 3.896 ±0.3617 mm and 4.6575±0.3052 mm,respectively. When the two groups of data were compared,we found the space at the upper 1/3 level was shorter than at the middle level(P<0.01).Moreover,at the lower 1/3 level the space measured was 10.058±0.4534 mm.The results revealed that the space at the lower 1/3 level was longer than that at the middle level(P<0.01). CONCLUSION:These measurement data may be helpful in assessing rectocele clinical diagnosis and functional outcomes of rectocele repair.

Physical Properties of the Cathode Materials in Fuel Cells

The materials used in fuel cells are currently the subject of much research, particularly those of the cathode which is a key element for the different functions that it provides. In our work the authors became interested in the different materials used for the cathode, which are usually ceramic, and some of their physical properties between different electrical conductivity （electronic, ionic）, the coefficient of thermal expansion and chemical compatibility between different materials used in the stack. Not to mention, however, the various parameters that influence these properties, such as structure, the sintering temperature, dope, and the operating temperature of the battery. The main objective of research in this area is to improve battery performance by researching new materials and new manufacturing technologies that will increase the electrical conductivity while trying to lower the temperature operating the latter as much as possible while keeping it above 650℃, In doing so, the longevity of the battery will be increased which will have a direct impact on manufacturing costs of the battery, and thus greater use thereof.

Pervoskite-type Bao.sSro.sAl0.1Fe0.9O3-δ as Intermediate-Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Cathode

A cobalt-free perovskite-type Ba0.5Sr0.5A10.1Fe0.9O3-δ （BSAF） chemically studied as solid oxide fuel cell （SOFC） cathode. The ductivity, and electrode polarizations in symmetrical cell based is developed and electro- structures, electrical con- on mixed ion conducting electrolyte were investigated, respectively. The temperature dependence of conductivity of BSAF in air shows a typical semiconductor behavior with positive temperature coefficient up to 450℃ where the conductivity reaches 14.0 S/cm while above this temperature the negative temperature coefficient dominates the total conductivity. Electrochemical charac- terizations show desirable polarization resistance of BSAF cathode in a symmetric cell based on mixed ion conducting electrolyte at 650-700℃, A single SOFC with BSAF cathode shows OCV of 1.0 V and maximum output of 420 mW/cm2 at 700 ℃ with humidified hydrogen fuel and static air oxidant.

穴位敷贴与微波照射联合分期分型辨证治疗小儿肺炎随机平行对照研究

[目的]观察穴位敷贴与微波照射联合分期分型辨证治疗小儿肺炎疗效。[方法]使用随机平行对照方法,将104例门诊患儿按就诊顺序号抽签随机分为两组。对照组52例分期辨证治疗,急性期:风热闭肺-清肺汤(菊花、桑叶、桑白皮、鱼腥草、杏仁、前胡、紫菀、甘草),水煎100mL,3次/d,温服,1剂/d;痰热清注射液20mL+5%葡萄糖500mL,静滴,1次/d;痰热闭肺-清肺涤痰汤(麻黄炙、杏仁、苏子、桃仁、瓜蒌子、葶苈子、石膏生、天竺黄、甘草),水煎100mL,3次/d,温服,1剂/d;恢复期:痰瘀互阻-祛瘀化痰汤(黄芪、桃仁、丹参、全蝎、浙贝母、矮地茶、竹茹姜、甘草),水煎100mL,3次/d,1剂/d;丹参注射液10mL+5%葡萄糖250mL,静滴,1次/d;脾虚痰蕴-扶正化痰汤(黄芪、白术、茯苓、陈皮、半夏、海浮石、款冬、甘草),水煎100mL,3次/d,温服,1剂/d;气阴两虚-养阴化痰汤(太子参、沙参、麦冬、川贝母、枇杷叶、玉竹、五味子、甘草),水煎100mL,3次/d,温服,1剂/d;参麦注射液20mL+5%葡萄糖250mL,静滴,1次/d。治疗组52例穴位敷贴、微波照射,小儿敷贴药物包括姜干、白芥子、细辛,急性期敷贴大椎及天突,恢复期敷贴神阙、膻中,用胶布覆盖固定,贴敷时间2～4h,1次/d;微波照射肺俞及膏肓,20min/次,1次/d;辨证分型治疗同对照组。连续治疗7d为1疗程。观测临床表现、咳嗽消失时间、体温恢复时间、肺部啰音消失时间、不良反应。连续治疗3疗程(21d),判定疗效。[结果]治疗组显效29例,有效21例,无效2例,总有效率96.15%;对照组显效24例,有效19例,无效9例,总有效率82.69%;治疗组疗效优于对照组(P<0.05)。咳嗽消失时间、体温恢复时间、肺部啰音消失时间治疗组短于对照组(P<0.01)。[结论]穴位敷贴与微波照射联合分期分型辨证治疗小儿肺炎,疗效满意,无严重不良反应,值得推广。

Novel MOF shell-derived surface modification of Li-rich layered oxide cathode for enhanced lithium storage

Li-rich layered oxide materials have attracted increasing attention because of their high specific capacity(>250 mAh g^(-1)). However, these materials typically suffer from poor cycling stability and low rate performance. Herein, we propose a facile and novel metal-organic-framework(MOF) shell-derived surface modification strategy to construct NiCo nanodots decorated(~5 nm in diameter) carbon-confined Li_(1.2)Mn_(0.54) Ni_(0.13)Co_(0.13)O_2 nanoparticles(LLO@C&NiCo). The MOF shell is firstly formed on the surface of as-prepared Li_(1.2)Mn_(0.54)Ni_(0.13)Co_(0.13)O_2 nanoparticles via low-pressure vapor superassembly and then is in situ converted to the NiCo nanodots decorated carbon shell after subsequent controlled pyrolysis.The obtained LLO@C&NiCo cathode exhibits enhanced cycling and rate capability with a capacity retention of 95% after 100 cycles at 0.4 C and a high capacity of 159 mAh g^(-1) at 5 C, respectively, compared with those of LLO(75% and 105 mAh g^(-1)). The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and selected area electron diffraction analyses after cycling demonstrate that the thin C&NiCo shell can endow LLO with high electronic conductivity and structural stability, indicating the undesired formation of the spinel phase initiated from the particle surface is efficiently suppressed. Therefore, this presented strategy may open a new avenue on the design of high-performance electrode materials for energy storage.

High-performance aluminum-polyaniline battery based on the interaction between aluminum ion and-NH groups

Aluminum-ion batteries(AIBs)are a type of promising energy storage device due to their high capacity,high charge transfer efficiency,low cost,and high safety.However,the most investigated graphitic and metal dichalcogenide cathodes normally possess only a moderate capacity and a relatively low cycling stability,respectively,which limit the further development of high-performance AIBs.Here,based on the results of first principles calculations,we developed a polyaniline/graphene oxide composite that exhibited outstanding performances as a cathode material in AIBs(delivering 180 mA h g^−1 after 4000 cycles),considering both the discharge capacity and the cycling performance.Ex-situ characterizations verified that the charge storage mechanism of polyaniline depended on the moderate interactions between−NH in the polyaniline chain and the electrolyte anions,such as AlCl4^−.These findings lay the foundation of the development of high-performance AIBs based on conducting polymers.