The traditional Chinese martial arts are the pride of the Chinese national specialties, but with the development of the western modem combat, some traditional martial arts bias appeared, such as the argument of the re...The traditional Chinese martial arts are the pride of the Chinese national specialties, but with the development of the western modem combat, some traditional martial arts bias appeared, such as the argument of the real fight of the traditional martial arts. This paper starts from the traditional historical origin, and analyzes the actual combat possibility of traditional martial arts to study the feasibility of the actual combat application of the traditional martial arts techniques in modem combat challenge.展开更多
Cratonization is a key geological process to form stable continental masses with a considerable scale.The Precambrian global cratonization and formation of supercratons in the world is an unrepeated event in the histo...Cratonization is a key geological process to form stable continental masses with a considerable scale.The Precambrian global cratonization and formation of supercratons in the world is an unrepeated event in the history of the Earth's formation and evolution.Mainly based on study of early Precambrian geology in Eastern Hebei Region and combining other Archean regions in the North China Craton (NCC),the author proposes a two-stage cratonization model of the NCC.The first stage took place at the end of Neoarchean of ~2.5 Ga (boundary time between Archean and Proterozoic),when several micro-blocks were amalgamated together with amphibolite-granulite facies metamorphism and intrusion of crustal-melting granites to form the present-scale NCC.The second cratonization event is cratonic reworking,corresponding to rifting-subduction-collision at 2.3-1.97 Ga and subsequent extension-uplifting related to upwelling mantle at 1.97-1.82 Ga,which could be linked to,respectively,assembly and breaking up of the Columbia Supercontinent.Three main Paleoproterozoic mobile belts in the NCC record that small remnant Neoarchean ocean basins and continental rift basins within the craton were opened and finally closed,and metamorphosed to greenschist-amphibolite facies at ~2.0-1.97 Ga.After that,high-grade granulite facies (HT-HP and HT-UHT) metamorphism with abnormally high heat occurred at 1.97-1.82 Ga.A metamorphism-migmatization event that includes lower crust of the NCC uplifting as a whole,intrusion of mafic dyke swarms,continental rifting and anorogenic magmatic action took place in 1.82-1.65 Ga,marking that the second cratonization of the NCC was finally accomplished and started to evolve to a period of stable continent (platform).展开更多
cryptospore-like microfossils have been collected from a sample of the "Middle" Cambrian Log Cabin Member of the Pioche Shale in eastern Nevada, USA. Compared with organic-walled microfossils obtained from the Cambr...cryptospore-like microfossils have been collected from a sample of the "Middle" Cambrian Log Cabin Member of the Pioche Shale in eastern Nevada, USA. Compared with organic-walled microfossils obtained from the Cambrian Kaili Formation in eastern Guizhou Province, China, some specimens of leiosphers may be inferred to be similar cryptospore-like microfossils. The new fossil record would be the oldest known specimens of cryptospore-like microfossils during the Cambrian Period.展开更多
This paper introduces a new economic model of a wartime economy, the war economic capability model--WEC-Model. The WEC-Model assesses the eco- nornic impact of an armed conflict in three different stages: (1) initi...This paper introduces a new economic model of a wartime economy, the war economic capability model--WEC-Model. The WEC-Model assesses the eco- nornic impact of an armed conflict in three different stages: (1) initial armed conflict and diplomatic negotiations; (2) military armed conflict; and (3) winners and losers in the post-armed conflict stage. The analysis makes use of new indicators such as economic desgrowth (-δ), armed conflict intensity (αi), armed conflict losses (-π), economic wear (Л), level of armed conflict tension (ζ), level of diplomatic nego- tiations (η), and total economic leaking (Ωt. To illustrate the model, we apply it to evaluate an imaginary armed conflict between the People's Republic of China and Japan.展开更多
文摘The traditional Chinese martial arts are the pride of the Chinese national specialties, but with the development of the western modem combat, some traditional martial arts bias appeared, such as the argument of the real fight of the traditional martial arts. This paper starts from the traditional historical origin, and analyzes the actual combat possibility of traditional martial arts to study the feasibility of the actual combat application of the traditional martial arts techniques in modem combat challenge.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41030316,90714003)Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.KZCX2-YW-Q04-04)
文摘Cratonization is a key geological process to form stable continental masses with a considerable scale.The Precambrian global cratonization and formation of supercratons in the world is an unrepeated event in the history of the Earth's formation and evolution.Mainly based on study of early Precambrian geology in Eastern Hebei Region and combining other Archean regions in the North China Craton (NCC),the author proposes a two-stage cratonization model of the NCC.The first stage took place at the end of Neoarchean of ~2.5 Ga (boundary time between Archean and Proterozoic),when several micro-blocks were amalgamated together with amphibolite-granulite facies metamorphism and intrusion of crustal-melting granites to form the present-scale NCC.The second cratonization event is cratonic reworking,corresponding to rifting-subduction-collision at 2.3-1.97 Ga and subsequent extension-uplifting related to upwelling mantle at 1.97-1.82 Ga,which could be linked to,respectively,assembly and breaking up of the Columbia Supercontinent.Three main Paleoproterozoic mobile belts in the NCC record that small remnant Neoarchean ocean basins and continental rift basins within the craton were opened and finally closed,and metamorphosed to greenschist-amphibolite facies at ~2.0-1.97 Ga.After that,high-grade granulite facies (HT-HP and HT-UHT) metamorphism with abnormally high heat occurred at 1.97-1.82 Ga.A metamorphism-migmatization event that includes lower crust of the NCC uplifting as a whole,intrusion of mafic dyke swarms,continental rifting and anorogenic magmatic action took place in 1.82-1.65 Ga,marking that the second cratonization of the NCC was finally accomplished and started to evolve to a period of stable continent (platform).
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.40839910,40672018,41172005)State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy(Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology,CAS(Grant No.113101)Foundation of Chinese Commission on Stratigraphy,Science and Technology of Guizhou Province(Grant No.GSCF(2010)7001)
文摘cryptospore-like microfossils have been collected from a sample of the "Middle" Cambrian Log Cabin Member of the Pioche Shale in eastern Nevada, USA. Compared with organic-walled microfossils obtained from the Cambrian Kaili Formation in eastern Guizhou Province, China, some specimens of leiosphers may be inferred to be similar cryptospore-like microfossils. The new fossil record would be the oldest known specimens of cryptospore-like microfossils during the Cambrian Period.
文摘This paper introduces a new economic model of a wartime economy, the war economic capability model--WEC-Model. The WEC-Model assesses the eco- nornic impact of an armed conflict in three different stages: (1) initial armed conflict and diplomatic negotiations; (2) military armed conflict; and (3) winners and losers in the post-armed conflict stage. The analysis makes use of new indicators such as economic desgrowth (-δ), armed conflict intensity (αi), armed conflict losses (-π), economic wear (Л), level of armed conflict tension (ζ), level of diplomatic nego- tiations (η), and total economic leaking (Ωt. To illustrate the model, we apply it to evaluate an imaginary armed conflict between the People's Republic of China and Japan.