中国古代的射书

在中国古代的武艺体系中,或者说是中国的民族体育体系中,以射箭发展得最为成熟,最具系统性和科学性,所以最终竟能形成一门独立的学问--射学.我曾经说,射箭之所以成为'学',一个重要的标志是它拥有许多著述,或者说它拥有一个理论与技术相辅相成的独立的文献体系.这个文献体系在民族体育文献群落中占据着最重要的位置.

Simulation Study on the Feasibility of Gun-Launched Missile Against Attack Helicopters

The feasibility of providing the tank a limited anti helicopter ability with gun launched missile is studied. A type of simulation model of gun launched missile against attack helicopters is established. The simulation and the parameter optimization of missile control system under various circumstances are done. The gun launched missile can directly hit the helicopters in the typical tracks, all the missdistances are less than 1?m and the maximum overload is less than available overload. Gun launched missile is a feasible choice for tanks against attack helicopters.

中日传统“射”文化交流之人类学考察

古代中国文化与文明对日本产生过重大影响,而日本近代文化与文明在明治维新以后始终影响着中国的发展走向。但一直以来很少有人关注中日两国传统“射”文化交流互动历史与现状。本文主要通过文化人类学的田野调查,揭示中日两国传统“射”教育交流影响互动的轨迹。源自中国古代的“射”文化传统丰富了日本对弓箭的认知,使他们在“化汉”的过程中逐渐形成了以武射与文射为象征的文武教育体系。而当代日本仍然将儒家射礼教育思想作为弓道指导思想,以磨炼身心与追求真善美为宗旨在本国以及世界部分国家和地区普及推广,同时反过来影响中国传统射艺射礼文化教育复兴。

Modeling of C^3I system in laser countermeasure weapon system

With the spectrum extended in modem Electronic War, Laser Countermeasure Weapon will be requested in order to snatch up and keep the Electromagnetism-Power in war field. If Command, Control, Communications and Intelligence called Double-Army-Power-Implement is applied to general design of Laser Countermeasure Weapon System, the efficiency of Weapon System can be greatly improved. The Object-Oriented analysis and design approach based on UML for C^3I system architecture was put forward, by which logical： archi- tecture described by class diagrams and behavior diagrams can be developed through Object-Oriented analysis, and physical architecture described by component diagrams and deployment diagrams can be developed through Object-Oriented design. The framework Of Modeling based UML was firstly set forth, the high process of Command, Control, Intelligence, Surveillance, Reeo.nnaissance and UML Architecture was utilized. , Then the Modeling process was particularly discussed through following the core ideology and basic principle of RUP （ Rational Unified Process）. Next, a series of diagrams of UML diagram which include Activity diagrams, Use Case diagrams, Sequence diagrams, Package diagrams and Class diagrams of system analysis, Component dia- grams, and Deployment diagrams of system design are illustrated in the process of Modeling of C^3I system software. Lastly, some problems that should be noticed in the Modeling process, merit and demerit of model, next works were also put forward.

The effect of intra-trappean heterogeneities on seismic data： A case study from the Deccan Traps

Hydrocarbon exploration interests have renewed the need for developing new sub basalt imaging techniques. One of the most important problems encountered today is seismic imaging below basalt. In recent years, this problem appears to have been overcome partly by using long offset seismic data. However near offset data are yet to be fully utilised due to the complex waveform caused by the surface as well as internal heterogeneity of the basalts. The near normal incidence data, which influence the sub-basalt imaging, are highly useful to understand the internal structure within a basalt layer. The use of converted waves for such targets has been proposed as an alternative in a rather homogeneous basalt layer. With a few synthetic modelling exercises here we highlight the practical difficulties in dealing with more realistic and heterogeneous basalt flow. Full waveform seismograms are computed to understand the effects of intra-trappean sediments on the seismic data. A case study from the Deccan Traps of India is presented in this paper. First, we discuss the effects of intercalated sediments on the overall seismic image. Later, the sonic log data from the field are used to compute the full wave-field response using the reflectivity method and compared with the field data. The feasibility of using mode converted waves （P to S and vice-versa at the top and bottom basalt interfaces） for sub-basalt imaging in Kutch region is discussed through a series of velocity-depth profiles. By comparing with the field data we demonstrate that the effects of multiple thin layering within the basalt can strongly deteriorate the image we seek to interpret and exploit.

论郑玄对“礼射”的考辨——兼论郑玄的经学思想

郑玄注礼射,不仅为还原先秦古射礼,也是为诠释其经学见解;因此郑玄并不依文解义,而有其方法和思考:一是依据己说界定礼射和主皮之射的不同性质;二是依群经总义来分别解说《周礼》和《仪礼》所言“主皮”的差异。三是综考秦汉射艺古义,说明泽宫是天子择士习射之处,除礼射外,还兼武射和主皮之射;而贯革之射,则习于军营。学者若仅据经义和他经郑注来更改本经郑注;或仅据原书经义来评价郑注,则不免忽略郑注背后的经学主张。

Observation of wounding characteristics in dogs wounded by super velocity projectile

Objective:: To understand wounding characteristics in dogs wounded by super velocity projectile with a purpose of providing a basis for prevention and treatment of such wounds. Methods: A specially-made explosive gun was used to shoot aluminium bullet weighing 3.0 g and 1.4 g to injure both legs of dogs at velocities of 2*!330 m/s, 3*!200 m/s and 4*!250 m/s, respectively, and the soap specially made was also shot. At the same time, steel ball of 1.03 g was shot with a Type 53 smooth chamber gun at a speed of 1*!280 m/s. Within 30 min after wounding, debridement and pathological anatomy were performed and specimens were taken for light microscope observation. Results: When the dogs were wounded by the 3 g bullet at speed of 2*!330 m/s, the entrance of the left leg was penetrated explosively with a defect area of 225 cm 2, and the femur trunk was also injured and the residual femur had comminution fracture. The exit of the right leg was blindly wounded with a defect area of 63 cm 2, but only the skin was not penetrated. Both testes and part pelvis were injured too. Under light microscope, degenerative myofibers and bleeding of the spatium between the myofibers could be found at the place 4 cm away from the wounding track. Furthermore, serious bleeding of the bladder and blood vessels of the brain could be observed. The lungs showed changes of blast injury. Vacuolar change was presented in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes. Injuries of the animals in other two experimental groups were similar to those described above, but the defect area of the wounded track was 124 cm 2 in the group of 4*!250 m/s. Injuries caused by the steel ball were milder than caused by the explosive gun. The volume of the residual cavity in the soap was 5*!000 ml. Conclusions: The super-velocity projectile causes destructive damage to the local tissues and multi-organ injuries. Therefore, the practical medical care needs not only amputation but also management of multi-organ injuries.

Red-emission organic light-emitting diodes based on solution-processable molecules with triphenylamine core and benzothiadiazole-thiophene arms

We report red-emission organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on solution-processable organic molecules with triphenylamine (TPA) as core and benzothiadiazole-(4-hexyl)thiophene (BT-4HT) as arms.Bi-armed molecule B(TPA-BT-4HT) and star-shaped (tri-armed) molecule S(TPA-BT-4HT) both show pure red-emission peaked at 646 and 657 nm,respectively.The red-emission OLED with S(TPA-BT-4HT) as the emitting layer displays a higher maximum luminance of ca.7794 cd/m2 and a maximum EL efficiency of 0.91 cd/A.

Fracture of the humerus caused by a slingshot projectile

Unconventional and ＇non-lethal＇ weapons are being used in crowd control regularly nowadays. The use of these arms is not risk-free. The paramilitary forces in 2010 used the old fashioned slingshots for crowd control in Kashmir. A young male suffered from a fracture of the distal humerus due to a marble from a slingshot. He was managed by debridement and plaster splintage. Use of apparently innocuous weapons for crowd control is not without risk, as the projectiles fired from them can achieve high velocities and cause significant damage.