骨肉相关:广东社会中对死亡污染的控制

探究葬礼最初阶段中死亡污染的社会含义。对仪式过程的分析有助于人们理解广东社会组织的许多方面,并表明在死者从一具危险的尸体转变成一位被安葬的祖先之前,他的后代必须要采取措施来沾染或控制其死亡污染。沾染这种污染应当被理解为生者与死者之间交换关系中的第一次交易,这种交换关系会延续很多世代。在葬礼的最初阶段,死者的力量极大,也最不可预知。然而,当骸骨被安葬到最终的坟墓之后,祖先就完全要依靠活着的后代了。

美国国家空气污染-发病和死亡效应研究对我国空气污染急性健康效应研究的启示

美国是最早开展空气污染急性健康效应研究的国家之一,其技术先进、经验丰富,研究结果广泛应用于美国空气基准和大气污染防治政策的制定。笔者通过剖析经典的美国国家空气污染-发病和死亡效应研究（National Morbidity,Mortality and Air Pollution Study,NMMAPS）,获取空气污染急性健康影响研究的关键技术和成功经验,为我国开展空气污染人群急性健康效应的研究提供科学借鉴。

Economic Valuation of Health Impact of PM_(10) Pollution in Beijing from 2001 to 2006

In light of the practical need for research to inform policy in Beijing,this study evaluates the economic cost of the impact of PM 10 pollution in Beijing from 2001 to 2006,taking health as the main impact,and mortality as the main outcome.Based on the literature review,this study adopts relatively conservative parameters as the basis for calculating the health impacts.It concludes that nearly 30%of mortality among registered residents above age 30 in Beijing can be attributed to PM 10 pollution,and that the economic cost equals 0.8%-1.2%of the city's GDP over the same period.This is lower than the results of previous studies,but still high enough to warrant a commitment to solve the city's air pollution problem.

Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health and Adaptation Strategies in South China

This study reviews the impacts of climate change on human health and presents corresponding adaptation strategies in South China. The daily mean surface air temperatures above or below 26.4~C increase the death risk for people in Guangzhou, especially the elderly are vulnerable to variations in temperature. Heat waves can cause insomnia, fatigue, clinical exacerbation, or death from heatstroke etc., while cold spells show increases in patients with fractures. During a cold spell period, the rates of both on-site emergency rescues and non-implementable rescues increase, and the risk of non-accidental deaths and respiratory disease deaths significantly rise as well. Both time series of hazy days and ozone concentrations have significant positive correlations with the number of patients with cardiovascular diseases. Both malaria and dengue fever reach higher altitudes and mountainous areas due to climate warming. Climate change is likely to bring stronger heat waves in the future, thereby increasing heat wave-related illnesses and deaths, particularly in the metropolitan areas of the Pearl River Delta. The projected increase of consecutive cold days in Guangdong province and parts of northern Guangxi province will affect residents＇ health in the future. The rising temperature exaggerates ozone pollution, but it is not clear whether climate change is aggravating or mitigating haze pollution. The transmission potential of malaria in South China will increase by 39%-140% and the transmission season will extend by 1 2 months with an air temperature increase of 1-2~C. By 2050, most areas in Hainan province are projected to convert from non-endemic dengue into endemic dengue areas. The aging population will cause more vulnerable people. To mitigate the adverse impacts of climate change on human health, sound and scientific adaptation strategies must be adopted in advance, such as strengthening the surveillance of epidemic diseases in potential transmission areas, conducting timely weather forecasting for human health, evaluating health vulnerability to climate change, improving environmental and health education, and strengthening hazard management and the cooperation between meteorological and health departments.

An Advanced Catch-and-Release Trap for Controlling the Red Palm Weevil

The aim of the research was to develop a catch-and-release trap for monitoring and controlling RPW （Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, red palm weevil）. The RPW insects were attracted through the use of an aggregation pheromone located into a dispenser inside the trap. The RPW adults entered through an entrance door into a sterilization room where they were sprayed with a solution containing the chemical sterilizer product ＂lufenuron＂. The adults were then forced to move into a contamination room where it was present a wet media containing spores and hyphae of Metarhizium anisopliae and spores and crystalline insecticidal proteins of Bacillus thuringensis. The sterilized and infected RPW adults were counted and released into the environment where they reached new palms and join natural populations of RPW. Preliminary experiments showed that the catch-and-release trap was able to reduce the fertility of RPW adults and to increase their mortality after contamination with entomopathogens. Moreover, the infected RPW adults were able to infect untreated RPW larvae leading to a larvae mortality of 93% within 30 days. In conclusion, the advanced catch-and-release trap represents a safe and effective tool to monitor and control the population of RPW pest without environmental pollution and risks for human health.

三岩藏族丧葬礼俗研究

文章在田野调查的基础上,试图呈现三岩藏人如何看待死亡,如何将身体作为励志、复仇的载体。三岩社会的丧葬习俗表明:身体作为一种象征符号,能唤起敬畏和无常,在相应的文化或事件中可产生持续动员的力量,成为控制社会、激励活人的工具。