目的:在激素性股骨头坏死造模的文献筛选出三类造模方法,分别实施后来统计实验中死亡动物的一般情况。总结、分析可能的致死原因。方法:选择同龄健康新西兰大白兔为实验动物48只,雌雄各半,按体重随机分为4组,每组各12只。A组代表空白对...目的:在激素性股骨头坏死造模的文献筛选出三类造模方法,分别实施后来统计实验中死亡动物的一般情况。总结、分析可能的致死原因。方法:选择同龄健康新西兰大白兔为实验动物48只,雌雄各半,按体重随机分为4组,每组各12只。A组代表空白对照组;B组代表单纯激素组;C组代表内毒素加激素组;D组代表马血清加激素组。A组(空白对照组)与其他组同时间点注射等量生理盐水;B组(单纯激素组)同时间点兔臀肌注射地塞米松(D X M)2.5mg/(kg·d),连续注射9周;C组(内毒素加激素组)第1天于兔耳缘静脉注射大肠杆菌内毒素(LPS)20μg/kg,间隔24h再次注射LPS,在第2次注射完大肠杆菌内毒素后随即肌肉注射甲基强的松龙20mg/(kg?d),共3次,间隔24小时。每次注射前均重新称重后计算剂量。D组:(马血清加激素组)兔耳缘静脉注入马血清共10m l/(k g?次),共2次,间隔2周。第2次马血清注射后2周,连续3天臀部注射甲基强的松龙40mg/(kg?d)。每天所有动物臀部肌注庆大霉素8万U/周,连续1周,以预防感染。用药后第3、6、9周随机各处死2只兔子取双侧股骨头行标本,常规组织病理学切片,观察股骨头病理学改变确定是否造模成功。观察并记录各组动物的一般行为学,死亡率。结果:注射后C、D组9周DR片示股骨头有轻度骨坏死,结合病理切片示造模成功。A组,B组,C组和D组动物死亡率分别为8.33%(1/12),25%(3/12)42%(5/12),33.33%(4/12),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。展开更多
美国是最早开展空气污染急性健康效应研究的国家之一,其技术先进、经验丰富,研究结果广泛应用于美国空气基准和大气污染防治政策的制定。笔者通过剖析经典的美国国家空气污染-发病和死亡效应研究（National Morbidity,Mortality and Air...美国是最早开展空气污染急性健康效应研究的国家之一,其技术先进、经验丰富,研究结果广泛应用于美国空气基准和大气污染防治政策的制定。笔者通过剖析经典的美国国家空气污染-发病和死亡效应研究（National Morbidity,Mortality and Air Pollution Study,NMMAPS）,获取空气污染急性健康影响研究的关键技术和成功经验,为我国开展空气污染人群急性健康效应的研究提供科学借鉴。展开更多
Objective The predictive value of the metabolic syndrome （MetS） for mortality from all-cause and cardiovascular disease （CVD） in the Chinese population is unclear. The aim of this present study was to compare MetS...Objective The predictive value of the metabolic syndrome （MetS） for mortality from all-cause and cardiovascular disease （CVD） in the Chinese population is unclear. The aim of this present study was to compare MetS with its individual components as predictors of mortality in Chinese elderly adults. Methods A cohort of 1,535 subjects （994 men and 541 women） aged 50 years or older was selected from employees of a machinery factory in 1994 and followed until 2009. Cox models were used to estimate the hazard ratios （HRs） predicted by MetS according to the harmonized defmition and by its individual components. Results The baseline prevalence of MetS was 28.0% in men and 48.4% in women. During a median follow-up of 15 years, 414 deaths occurred, of these, 153 participants died from CVD. Adjusted for age and gender, the HRs of mortality from all-cause and CVD in participants with MetS were 1.47 （95% confidence interval （CI）： 1.20-1.80） and 1.96 （95%CI： 1.42-2.72）, respectively, compared with those without MetS. Non-significant higher risk of CVD mortality was seen in those with one or two individual components （HR = 1.22, 95%CI： 0.59-2.50; fir = 1.82, 95%CI： 0.91-3.64, respectively）, while a substantially higher risk of CVD mortality only appeared in those with 3, 4, or 5 components （H_R = 2.81-3.72）, compared with those with no components. On evaluating the MetS components individually, we found that, independent of MetS, only hypertension and impaired glucose predicted higher mortality. Conclusions The number of positive MetS components seems no more informative than classifying （dichotomous） MetS for CVD risks assessment in this Chinese cohort.展开更多
Objective This study aimed to explore the perceptions of good death of the older adults living in Bang Nang Li Sub-District,Amphawa District,Samut Songkhram Province,Thailand.Method The data of the study was collected...Objective This study aimed to explore the perceptions of good death of the older adults living in Bang Nang Li Sub-District,Amphawa District,Samut Songkhram Province,Thailand.Method The data of the study was collected using in-depth interviews between October 2019 to January 2020.The data collected a total of 14 older adults who had firsthand experience in caring for terminally ill patients were recruited for the study.Content analysis was employed to analyze qualitative data.Results The results of this study revealed the perceptions of good death which were categorized into three main themes and eight sub-themes,including 1)death without suffering(not suffering from life support devices,dying with care);2)natural death(death with the end of life expectancy,death with illness or ailments);and 3)death without the worries(preparation for death,spiritual and belief practice toward preparation for death,family and property management before death,death among family members and at their familiar place).Conclusion The findings of this research provided the insight to clarify the understanding of the perceptions on a good death of older adults.The findings can be used to support the practice and management of nursing education and health care providers who have to be involved in palliative care for terminally ill older adults.展开更多
We study entanglement dynamics of three-qubit system via negativity. Three atoms A, B, and C interact isolatedly with their own Jaynes-Cummings cavities a, b, and c. Aa system is prepared entangled with Bb and Cc, how...We study entanglement dynamics of three-qubit system via negativity. Three atoms A, B, and C interact isolatedly with their own Jaynes-Cummings cavities a, b, and c. Aa system is prepared entangled with Bb and Cc, however, their mutual isolations forbid Aa interacting with system Bb and Cc. It is the same for system Bb and Cc. We show entanglement evolution of different three-qubit systems ABC, abc, Abc, and aBC and find entanglement sudden death effect.展开更多
Background：Little is known about change in physical activity（PA） and its relationship to all-cause mortality among old people.There is even less information about the association between PA,fitness and all-cause mo...Background：Little is known about change in physical activity（PA） and its relationship to all-cause mortality among old people.There is even less information about the association between PA,fitness and all-cause mortality among people aged 80 years and above.The objective is to investigate persistence and change in PA over 5 years as a predictor of all-cause mortality,and fitnes as a mediator of this association,among people aged 80 and 85 years at the beginning of an 18-year mortality follow-up period.Methods：Using Evergreen Project data（started in 1989）,4 study groups were formed according to self-reported changes in PA level,over a 5-year period（starting in 1989–1990 and ending in 1994–1995）：remained active（RA,control group）,changed to inactive（CI）,remained inactive（RI）,and changed to active（CA）.Mortality was followed up over the 18-year period（1994–2012）.Cox models with different covariates such as age,sex,use of alcohol,smoking,chronic diseases,and a 10 m walking test were used to analyze the association between change in PA level and mortality.Results：Compared to RA,those who decreased their PA level（CI） between baseline and follow-up had higher all-cause mortality（hazard ratio（HR=2.09;95%CI：1.63–2.69） when adjusted for age,gender,and chronic diseases.RI showed the highest all-cause mortality（HR = 2.16;95%CI：1.59–2.93）.In CA,when compared against RA,the risk of all-cause mortality was not statistically significan（HR=1.51;95%CI：0.95–2.38）.In comparison with RA,when walking speed over 10 m was added as a covariate,all-cause mortality risk was almost statistically significan only in CI（HR=1.37;95%CI：1.00–1.87）.Conclusion：Persistence and change in PA level was associated with mortality.This association was largely explained by fitnes status.Randomized controlled studies are needed to test whether maintaining or increasing PA level could lengthen the life of old people.展开更多
Background Very elderly patients represent a distinct patient group in clinical setting in terms of a decision for trans-catheter aortic valve replacement （TAVR） when one considers the potential improvement in the q...Background Very elderly patients represent a distinct patient group in clinical setting in terms of a decision for trans-catheter aortic valve replacement （TAVR） when one considers the potential improvement in the quality of life （QoL） on one hand and the benefit to risk ratio on the other. This study aimed to compare functional and QoL outcomes of TAVR between octogenarians and septuagenarians. Methods This prospective cohort study included 136 elderly patients （70 to 89 years of age）, who tmderwent Wansfemoral TAVR due to degenerative aortic stenosis. Patients were allocated into one of the following age groups： septuagenarians （n = 67） and octogenarians （n = 69）. Preoperative and early postoperative clinical parameteT：s were recorded. In addition, QoL of the patients was evaluated using SF-36 questionnaire preoperatively and six month postoperatively. Results Groups were similar in terms of early postoperative mortality and morbidity parameters. The mean New York Heart Association （NYHA） class improved after TAVR in both groups. In addition, all SF-36 norm-based scale and SF-36 summary scale scores improved significantly in both groups during the postoperative period. Postoperatively, physical functioning, general health and physical component summary scores were significantly better in the septuagenarian group （P = 0.02, 0.01, 0.03, respectively）. ConcLusion Although the improvement in the QoL in terms of physical health was more marked in septuagenarians than in octogenarians, substantial benefits on the QoL and particularly on mental health seem to justify re-consideration of TAVR indications in the very elderly.展开更多
文摘目的:在激素性股骨头坏死造模的文献筛选出三类造模方法,分别实施后来统计实验中死亡动物的一般情况。总结、分析可能的致死原因。方法:选择同龄健康新西兰大白兔为实验动物48只,雌雄各半,按体重随机分为4组,每组各12只。A组代表空白对照组;B组代表单纯激素组;C组代表内毒素加激素组;D组代表马血清加激素组。A组(空白对照组)与其他组同时间点注射等量生理盐水;B组(单纯激素组)同时间点兔臀肌注射地塞米松(D X M)2.5mg/(kg·d),连续注射9周;C组(内毒素加激素组)第1天于兔耳缘静脉注射大肠杆菌内毒素(LPS)20μg/kg,间隔24h再次注射LPS,在第2次注射完大肠杆菌内毒素后随即肌肉注射甲基强的松龙20mg/(kg?d),共3次,间隔24小时。每次注射前均重新称重后计算剂量。D组:(马血清加激素组)兔耳缘静脉注入马血清共10m l/(k g?次),共2次,间隔2周。第2次马血清注射后2周,连续3天臀部注射甲基强的松龙40mg/(kg?d)。每天所有动物臀部肌注庆大霉素8万U/周,连续1周,以预防感染。用药后第3、6、9周随机各处死2只兔子取双侧股骨头行标本,常规组织病理学切片,观察股骨头病理学改变确定是否造模成功。观察并记录各组动物的一般行为学,死亡率。结果:注射后C、D组9周DR片示股骨头有轻度骨坏死,结合病理切片示造模成功。A组,B组,C组和D组动物死亡率分别为8.33%(1/12),25%(3/12)42%(5/12),33.33%(4/12),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。
文摘美国是最早开展空气污染急性健康效应研究的国家之一,其技术先进、经验丰富,研究结果广泛应用于美国空气基准和大气污染防治政策的制定。笔者通过剖析经典的美国国家空气污染-发病和死亡效应研究（National Morbidity,Mortality and Air Pollution Study,NMMAPS）,获取空气污染急性健康影响研究的关键技术和成功经验,为我国开展空气污染人群急性健康效应的研究提供科学借鉴。
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China，Ministry of Science and Technology of China，National Department Public Benefit Research Foundation by Ministry of Health of China
文摘Objective The predictive value of the metabolic syndrome （MetS） for mortality from all-cause and cardiovascular disease （CVD） in the Chinese population is unclear. The aim of this present study was to compare MetS with its individual components as predictors of mortality in Chinese elderly adults. Methods A cohort of 1,535 subjects （994 men and 541 women） aged 50 years or older was selected from employees of a machinery factory in 1994 and followed until 2009. Cox models were used to estimate the hazard ratios （HRs） predicted by MetS according to the harmonized defmition and by its individual components. Results The baseline prevalence of MetS was 28.0% in men and 48.4% in women. During a median follow-up of 15 years, 414 deaths occurred, of these, 153 participants died from CVD. Adjusted for age and gender, the HRs of mortality from all-cause and CVD in participants with MetS were 1.47 （95% confidence interval （CI）： 1.20-1.80） and 1.96 （95%CI： 1.42-2.72）, respectively, compared with those without MetS. Non-significant higher risk of CVD mortality was seen in those with one or two individual components （HR = 1.22, 95%CI： 0.59-2.50; fir = 1.82, 95%CI： 0.91-3.64, respectively）, while a substantially higher risk of CVD mortality only appeared in those with 3, 4, or 5 components （H_R = 2.81-3.72）, compared with those with no components. On evaluating the MetS components individually, we found that, independent of MetS, only hypertension and impaired glucose predicted higher mortality. Conclusions The number of positive MetS components seems no more informative than classifying （dichotomous） MetS for CVD risks assessment in this Chinese cohort.
基金The research grant for a potential lecturer was supported by Suan Sunadha Rajabhat Thailand.
文摘Objective This study aimed to explore the perceptions of good death of the older adults living in Bang Nang Li Sub-District,Amphawa District,Samut Songkhram Province,Thailand.Method The data of the study was collected using in-depth interviews between October 2019 to January 2020.The data collected a total of 14 older adults who had firsthand experience in caring for terminally ill patients were recruited for the study.Content analysis was employed to analyze qualitative data.Results The results of this study revealed the perceptions of good death which were categorized into three main themes and eight sub-themes,including 1)death without suffering(not suffering from life support devices,dying with care);2)natural death(death with the end of life expectancy,death with illness or ailments);and 3)death without the worries(preparation for death,spiritual and belief practice toward preparation for death,family and property management before death,death among family members and at their familiar place).Conclusion The findings of this research provided the insight to clarify the understanding of the perceptions on a good death of older adults.The findings can be used to support the practice and management of nursing education and health care providers who have to be involved in palliative care for terminally ill older adults.
文摘We study entanglement dynamics of three-qubit system via negativity. Three atoms A, B, and C interact isolatedly with their own Jaynes-Cummings cavities a, b, and c. Aa system is prepared entangled with Bb and Cc, however, their mutual isolations forbid Aa interacting with system Bb and Cc. It is the same for system Bb and Cc. We show entanglement evolution of different three-qubit systems ABC, abc, Abc, and aBC and find entanglement sudden death effect.
文摘Background：Little is known about change in physical activity（PA） and its relationship to all-cause mortality among old people.There is even less information about the association between PA,fitness and all-cause mortality among people aged 80 years and above.The objective is to investigate persistence and change in PA over 5 years as a predictor of all-cause mortality,and fitnes as a mediator of this association,among people aged 80 and 85 years at the beginning of an 18-year mortality follow-up period.Methods：Using Evergreen Project data（started in 1989）,4 study groups were formed according to self-reported changes in PA level,over a 5-year period（starting in 1989–1990 and ending in 1994–1995）：remained active（RA,control group）,changed to inactive（CI）,remained inactive（RI）,and changed to active（CA）.Mortality was followed up over the 18-year period（1994–2012）.Cox models with different covariates such as age,sex,use of alcohol,smoking,chronic diseases,and a 10 m walking test were used to analyze the association between change in PA level and mortality.Results：Compared to RA,those who decreased their PA level（CI） between baseline and follow-up had higher all-cause mortality（hazard ratio（HR=2.09;95%CI：1.63–2.69） when adjusted for age,gender,and chronic diseases.RI showed the highest all-cause mortality（HR = 2.16;95%CI：1.59–2.93）.In CA,when compared against RA,the risk of all-cause mortality was not statistically significan（HR=1.51;95%CI：0.95–2.38）.In comparison with RA,when walking speed over 10 m was added as a covariate,all-cause mortality risk was almost statistically significan only in CI（HR=1.37;95%CI：1.00–1.87）.Conclusion：Persistence and change in PA level was associated with mortality.This association was largely explained by fitnes status.Randomized controlled studies are needed to test whether maintaining or increasing PA level could lengthen the life of old people.
文摘Background Very elderly patients represent a distinct patient group in clinical setting in terms of a decision for trans-catheter aortic valve replacement （TAVR） when one considers the potential improvement in the quality of life （QoL） on one hand and the benefit to risk ratio on the other. This study aimed to compare functional and QoL outcomes of TAVR between octogenarians and septuagenarians. Methods This prospective cohort study included 136 elderly patients （70 to 89 years of age）, who tmderwent Wansfemoral TAVR due to degenerative aortic stenosis. Patients were allocated into one of the following age groups： septuagenarians （n = 67） and octogenarians （n = 69）. Preoperative and early postoperative clinical parameteT：s were recorded. In addition, QoL of the patients was evaluated using SF-36 questionnaire preoperatively and six month postoperatively. Results Groups were similar in terms of early postoperative mortality and morbidity parameters. The mean New York Heart Association （NYHA） class improved after TAVR in both groups. In addition, all SF-36 norm-based scale and SF-36 summary scale scores improved significantly in both groups during the postoperative period. Postoperatively, physical functioning, general health and physical component summary scores were significantly better in the septuagenarian group （P = 0.02, 0.01, 0.03, respectively）. ConcLusion Although the improvement in the QoL in terms of physical health was more marked in septuagenarians than in octogenarians, substantial benefits on the QoL and particularly on mental health seem to justify re-consideration of TAVR indications in the very elderly.
