复元活血汤加味治疗脑梗死86例

脑梗死是老年人常见病和多发病，致残率、复发率和病死率都很高。近年来笔者运用复元活血汤加味治疗，获得较好疗效，结果报道如下。

基于固定图形噪声统计特性异常的盲元检测方法

针对盲元对于红外辐射的响应具有很强非线性的特点,在对焦平面采用线性非均匀性校正之前,必须采取有效的盲元检测方法对盲元予以剔除或补偿等问题,提出了以三维噪声固定图形噪声分量作为红外焦平面盲元检测的数据源.盲元的表现形式分为死元与过热像元.针对死元,将其数量限制作为先验知识,并结合其在数据直方图中的低概率密度特性,确定双端分割阈值进行检测.针对过热像元,将其作为正态分布噪声中的统计异常像素点,利用死元剔除后图像数据的直方图偏度阈值自适应确定统计距离门限,并进行检测.实测试验验证了方法的有效性.

Effects of Oestrogen on Ischemia-induced Neurogenesis in the Dentate Gyrus of Rats

To study the effects of oestrogcn on ischemia-induced neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyms, thirty-two adult male rats were randomly divided into four groups： the control surgery group with eestrogen administration （SE）, the control surgery group with normal saline administration （SN）, the middle cerebral artery occlusion （MCAO） group with oestrogen administration （ME） and the MCAO group with normal saline administration （MN）. The MCAO rats were occluded for 90 rain by an intraluminal filament and then recirculated. After 1, 3, 12, 24 and 28 h of MCAO, the rats of the four groups were killed to investigate the infarct volume, apoptosis and neurogenesis. The cerebral infarct volume in the ME group was significantly smaller than that of the MN group （P 〈 0.05）. No significant cell loss was seen in the dentate gyms. Cerebral ischemia led to increased neurogenosis, which is independent of cell death in the ipsilateral dentate gyrus（P 〈 0.05）. BrdU-pesitive cells in the ipsilateral dentate gyms of the ME group were significantly increased when compared with those of the MN group（P 〈 0.05）. In the SE group, BrdU-positive cells in both the ipsilateral and contralateral dentate gyms, were increased when compared with those of the SN group （ P 〈 0.05 ）. We concluded that ocstregen plays an important role in neurogenesis, which is independent of ischemia-induced by MCAO in the hippocampal dentate gyms of rats.

Instability and Death of Spiral Wave in a Two-Dimensional Array of Hindmarsh-Rose Neurons

Spiral wave could be observed in the excitable media, the neurons are often excitable within appropriateparameters. The appearance and formation of spiral wave in the cardiac tissue is linked to monomorphic ventriculartachycardia that can denervate into polymorphic tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. The neuronal system oftenconsists of a large number of neurons with complex connections. In this paper, we theoretically study the transitionfrom spiral wave to spiral turbulence and homogeneous state (death of spiral wave) in two-dimensional array of theHindmarsh-Rose neuron with completely nearest-neighbor connections. In our numerical studies, a stable rotating spiralwave is developed and selected as the initial state, then the bifurcation parameters are changed to different values toobserve the transition from spiral wave to homogeneous state, breakup of spiral wave and weak change of spiral wave,respectively. A statistical factor of synchronization is defined with the mean field theory to analyze the transition fromspiral wave to other spatial states, and the snapshots of the membrane potentials of all neurons and time series of meanmembrane potentials of all neurons are also plotted to discuss the change of spiral wave. It is found that the sharpchanging points in the curve for factor of synchronization vs. bifurcation parameter indicate sudden transition fromspiral wave to other states. And the results are independent of the number of neurons we used.

Baoyuan decoction alleviates myocardial infarction through the regulation of metabolic dysfunction and the mitochondria-dependent caspase-9/3 pathway

Objective:Baoyuan decoction(BYD)is a traditional Chinese formula with myocardial protection efficacy validated by modern pharmacological tests.The present study aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of BYD on alleviating myocardial infarction(MI).Methods:Nuclear magnetic resonance-based serum and urinary metabolomics were employed to explore the metabolic regulation effects of BYD in rats with MI induced by left anterior descending ligation.Oxygen-glucose deprivation/recovery(OGD/R)model in H9c2 cells and multiple molecular biology approaches were used to clarify the underlying action mechanisms of BYD.Results:BYD treatment recovered the serum and urinary metabolite profiles of the MI rats toward normal metabolic status and significantly improved mitochondrial energy metabolism and apoptosis pathways perturbed by MI.Analysis of the molecular mechanism of BYD indicated that it suppressed OGD/R-induced H9c2 cell apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner by inhibiting the mitochondria-dependent caspase-9/3-poly ADP-ribose polymerase pathway.Conclusions:Our results demonstrate that BYD protects against myocardial apoptosis via the mitochondrial metabolic and apoptosis pathways.They also provide novel insights into the clinical application of BYD for the treatment of ischemic heart diseases.

Exposure Work Commuting： Case Study among Commuting Accidents in Klang Valley, Malaysia

Traffic accidents caused the most accidental deaths at work in Malaysia. The SOCSO （Social Security Organization） reported that the number of deaths due to commuting accidents was 760, nearly two times more than deaths caused by accidents that happened at the workplace （471 deaths）. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship of socio-demographic background and the risk exposure of the drivers during their work commuting trips. The study was based on compensation claims to SOCSO where data were extracted from ＂Form 21＂ provided by SOCSO. A total of 377 respondents were selected through systematic random sampling method from a list of SOCSO claimants. It was found that majority of the traffic accidents （83%） involved males and most of them （92.2%） were on motorcycles. Male drivers have an average driving experience of 10.7 years and 8.6 years for females. The estimation of the travelled distance for the sample from home to the workplace is 0.65-131 km. Mean accident occurrence time was 23 rain whilst mean distance was 11.6 km. The multiple regression analysis showed that the accident distance was affected by the age of driver, actual travel distance, travel objective and speed.

Housing Correlates of Under-Five Mortality in Urban Ethiopia

Little studies and analysis have been undertaken to investigate the housing determinants of under-five mortality in Ethiopia. This study, therefore, explores the impacts of urban housing variables on the levels and patterns of under-five mortality in the country based on the SPSS （Statistic Package for Social Science） file of the 2005 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey （EDHS）. This survey covered a sample of about 4,420 households/housing units of urban Ethiopia. The under-five deaths are computed for women in the age group 15-49 by subtracting the number of children living from children ever born （CEB） and established the proportion dead by dividing deaths by CEB corresponding to the categorical variables of housing structure, facilities, and household durables. The analytical techniques of the study included univariate, bivariate, and multivariate data analysis of the proportional variations of childhood mortality patterns being manifested by ＂bar graphs＂ with respect to housing situations as well as household durables. Amongst the categorical variables of the housing structures, facilities, and household durables with the highest no prevalence of under-five mortality levels are found to be the units of unconventional walls, thatched/leaf/reed roofing, animal dung flooring, shared pit latrine/use of bucket/bush, using kerosene, firewood/straw/charcoal for cooking, unconventional lighting, unprotected water supply, households with no durables.

多元文化主义观念和实践的再审视

文章从多个层面对近年来西方有关多元文化主义的理论和实践进行了反思和再审视:诠释多元文化主义的历史语境与核心诉求,对多元文化主义的攻讦加以反诘,对"多元文化主义已死"的话语进行学理解构,对"多元文化主义"价值再审视与再评判。文章提出,多元文化主义丰富了当代政治哲学的内容,为以承认差异、尊重差异、包容差异为核心的世界性政治实践开辟了道路,并且对全球化时代族际关系和人际关系的和谐产生了深远而持久的正面影响。

Robustness, Death of Spiral Wave in the Network of Neurons under Partial Ion Channel Block

The development of spiral wave in a two-dimensional square array due to partial ion channel block （Potas- sium, Sodium） is investigated, the dynamics of the node is described by Hodgkin-Huxley neuron and these neurons are coupled with nearest neig1 bor connection. The parameter ratio xNa （and xK）, which defines the ratio of working ion channel number of sodium （potassium） to the total ion channel number of sodium （and potassium）, is used to measure the shift conductance induced by channel block. The distribution of statistical variable R in the two-parameter phase space （parameter ratio vs. poisoning area） is extensively calculated to mark the parameter region for transition of spiral wave induced by partial ion channel block, the area with smaller factors of synchronization R is associated the parameter region that spiral wave keeps Mive and robust to the channel poisoning. SpirM wave keeps alive when the poisoned area （potassium or sodium） and degree of intoxication are small, distinct transition （death, several spiral waves coexist or multi-axm spiral wave emergence） occurs under moderate ratio XNa （and XK） when the size of blocked area exceeds certain thresholds. Breakup of spiral wave occurs and multi-axm of spiral waves are observed when the channel noise is considered.